• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.61-68
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• 2010

In this study, we investigated the concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Shiwha area and compared the characteristics of both industrial area and residential area. The passive samplers were set 6 times each for a month in 21 locations at industrial and residential area to obtain 6 VOCs including benzene, trichlorobenzene, toluene, ethyl benzene, xylene and stylene. Above all, toluene was the most abundant VOCs in the ambient air both in industrial and residential area. Average TVOC concentration of industrial area was 1.86 times higher than that of residential area, and it was greatly reduced in winter compared with summer. Furthermore, the average BTEX concentrations showed that all concentrations of industrial area were 1.94~5.39 times higher than those of residential area except benzene which were similar to each other. In winter, the concentration of ethyl benzene and xylene were significantly decreased by comparing with summer: but benzene concentrations were increased. Also, BTEX relative ratio was as follows: toluene>benzene>ethylbenzene>xylene. Correlation coefficients among VOCs were confirmed that VOCs in ambient air of industrial area were generally more related to each other than that of residential area. On the whole, the concentrations of VOCs in industrial area were higher, and it seems to be potential that industrial area affects the distribution of VOCs to residential area.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2016.05a
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• pp.552-552
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• 2016

논의 경우 다양한 영향인자에 의해 비점오염물질이 배출되기 때문에 유출특성을 파악하기가 어렵다. 따라서 본 연구의 목적은 논에서 발생하는 비점오염물질의 유출 특성에 대해 파악하여 추후 효율적인 농업비점오염 관리를 위한 기초자료를 제공하는데 있다. 연구 대상지점으로 춘천시에 위치한 논 1곳(면적: $11,130m^2$)을 선정하였으며. 2014년 5월부터 9월까지 총 11회(9회 유출)의 강우 사상에 대한 오염물질별 오염부하 및 유량가중평균농도(Event Mean Concentration, EMC)를 산정하였다. 모니터링기간 동안 발생된 강우량의 범위는 2.6~95.8 mm로 나타났으며, 선행무강우일수는 0.59~21.2일, 강우강도는 0.33~5.13 mm/hr의 범위로 나타났다. 총 유출량은 $0.16{\sim}497.3m^3$, 유출율은 0.01~0.47(평균 0.24)의 범위로 나타났다. 오염물질별 EMC는 SS 17.1~55.3 mg/L(평균 31.9 mg/L), BOD 1.9~9.7 mg/L(평균 4.2 mg/L), COD 3.6~18.9 mg/L(평균 8.3 mg/L), TOC 3.4~17.4(평균 6.4 mg/L) mg/L, T-N 1.64~7.17 mg/L (평균 3.79 mg/L), T-P 0.16~1.04 mg/L(평균 0.44 mg/L)의 범위로 나타났다. 각 강우사상에 대한 단위면적당 오염부하는 SS 0.005~19.56 kg/ha, $BOD_5$ 0.001~1.70 kg/ha, $COD_{Mn}$ 0.003~3.15 kg/ha, TOC 0.002~1.81 kg/ha, T-N 0.001~0.822 kg/ha, T-P 0.00003~0.115 kg/ha의 범위로 산정되었다. 논의 경우에는 초기유출 발생에 따른 오염부하의 급격한 변화가 없었고, 누적오염부하량비의 그래프도 강우사상의 기울기가 직선에 가깝게 나타났다. 하지만 지속적으로 오염물질을 배출하는 경향과 다양한 조건에 따라 배출양상이 달라지기 때문에 효과적인 관리를 하기 위해서 장기적인 모니터링 연구가 필요할 것으로 사료된다.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.19 no.4
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• pp.472-478
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• 2009

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the levels of blood lead and cadmium in urban and rural populations. Blood samples were collected from 100 urban (Busan) residents and 150 rural residents (Jinju-84, Gijang-66) from July 1 to August 30, 2007. The blood lead and cadmium levels were analyzed using flameless atomic absorption spectrophotometry and were compared by age, gender and smoking status. The mean levels of blood lead in urban-Busan, rural-Jinju and rural-Gijang residents were $6.38{\pm}2.86{\mu}g/dl$, $5.41{\pm}2.16{\mu}g/dl$ and $4.50{\pm}2.87{\mu}g/dl$, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of blood lead between urban-Busan residents and rural-Gijang residents. The mean levels of blood cadmium in urban-Busan, rural-Jinju and rural-Gijang residents were $0.85{\pm}0.44{\mu}g/l$, $1.57{\pm}0.78{\mu}g/l$ and $0.95{\pm}0.54{\mu}g/l$, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of blood cadmium between urban-Busan residents and rural-Jinju residents. This study showed that the levels of blood lead and cadmium were significantly different between urban and rural populations. The level of blood lead was highest in urban-Busan residents, but the level of blood cadmium was highest in rural-Jinju residents. Further studies are needed to define the cause of high levels of blood lead and cadmium related to area of residence and personal habits.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2005.05b
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• pp.1229-1233
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• 2005

본 연구는 도시지역의 강우-유출로 인한 비점오염물질의 유출특성 및 배출부하량을 조사하기 위하여 영산강권역의 풍영정천을 대상으로 조사하였다. 대상 유역의 토지이용별 구분은 논지역, 하류공단 및 논$\cdot$산지 복합 토지 이용특성, 공단 지역, 도시 분류식 지역, 소유역 출구지역으로 구분하였다. 시료의 채취는 강우시 4회에 걸쳐 조사하였으며, 매회 시료 채취 주기는 강우유출이 발생하기 전부터 시작하여 첨두유출량이 발생때까지 $1\~2$시간 간격으로 채취한 후 강우 종료 후 유출량 변화가 없을 때까지 $9\~12$단계로 세분하여 유출량과 pH, DO, BOD, COD, SS, T-N, T-P의 농도를 측정 하였다. 토지이용별 비점오염물질의 유량가중평균농도(EMC : Event Mean Concentration)를 살펴보면, BOD의 EMC는 $4.43\~14.22mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, 도시 합류식 토지이용 특성을 지닌 P-4지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 보였을 뿐만 아니라 타 토지이용 특성에 비하여 두드러지게 초기 오염물질 유출 현상을 나타내었다. COD의 EMC는 $8.27\~18.81mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, BOD 수질농도와 같이 P-4 지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 갖는 것으로 나타났다. SS의 EMC는 $35.76\~358.86mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, 소유역의 중간지점이면서 논$\cdot$산지$\cdot$공단지역의 토지이용 특성을 지닌 P-2 지점에서 가장 큰 농도를 나타내었다. 이는 조사기간(Event 1, Event2) 동안 상류의 자연형하천 제방공사로 인한 토사유출로 인하여 다소 높게 나타난 것으로 판단된다. 또한, 대상유역 전반적으로 초기 오염물질 유출 현상을 보였으며, BOD와 COD 수질농도의 분포양상과는 다르게 강우량 및 강우강도에 많은 영향을 받는 것으로 나타났다. T-N의 EMC는 $1.61\~7.13mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 보였으며, T-P는 $0.03\~0.46mg/{\ell}$의 분포를 갖는 것으로 나타났다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.285-289
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• 2003

경북북부지역의 한약재중 중금속별 평균농도는 수은 0.037mg/kg, 크롬이 0.093mg/kg, 니켈이 0.108mg/kg, 구리가 0.475mg/kg, 아연 3.14mg/kg, 망간 1.52mg/kg, 철 7.83mg/kg 그리고 카드뮴, 납 그리고 비소는 검출되지 않았다. 이값은 한국산 평균치와 비교하여 매우 낮은 값이었으며 이로 미루어 경북 북부지역이 다른 지역에 비하여 한약재의 재배지로 적절함을 판단할 수 있다. 경북지역에서 재배된 한약재를 중국산과 비교하여 보았을 때 몇 가지는 중금속 함량이 낮은 값으로 나타났으나 뚜렸한 차이점은 확인되지 않았다.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.13 no.3
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• pp.288-294
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• 1999

경상북도 안동 사문암지역 및 부근의 화강암지역에 분포하는 암석, 토양 및 식물체에 함유되어 있는 원소의 농도를 조사한 결과는 다음과 같다. 본 조사지역에분포하는 사문암에 함유되어 있는 주요 전이원소 함량(Ni 1.164ppm. Cr 366ppm. Co 109ppm. Fe 7.48%) 및 다른 대부분의 전이원소(Sc, Mn, Cu)도 화강암보다 높았으며 우리나라 efms 지역의 사문암에 함유되어 있는 농도와 비교하여 볼 때 매우 유사한 경향을 보이고 있다. 사문아토양의 경우 암석풍화토양 및 산림토양 모두 화강암토양에 비해 Ni, Co, Cr, Fe, Sc, Mn, Cu, Mg, Zn 농도가 높았으며 Pb는 반대의 경향을 나타내었다. 토양내 원소 함량은 이들의 모암에 함유되어 있는 원소 함량의 변화와 일치하고 있으며 같은 모암인 경우 산림식생의 영향에 따라 면 원소들의 차이가 다소 나타났다. 식물체 내 원소의 농도는 토양의 농도에 비해 모두 낮았다. 참억새, 쑥, 소나무에 함유되어 있는 원소별 평균 농도는 모두 동일종간 대부분의 전이원소(Ni, Co, Cr, Fe) 및 As 농도가 화강암토양에 비해 사문암토양에서 더높았다 사문암토양에서 생육하는 식물체 3종 모두 대부분의 원소(Ni, Co, Cr. As, Sc, Fe) 함랴이 지하부에서 더 높았으며 Zn과 Mo는 지상부와 지하부의 농도 차이가 크게 나타나지 않았다 화강암토양에서 생육하는 식물체의 경우 원소별 지상부 및 지하부의 농도차이는 사문암토양에 비해 크지 않았다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Groundwater Environment
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.49-57
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• 1995

Areas of Chungyang in Chungcheongnamdo, Cheju island and Georgia in U.S.A. were selected to calculate their groundwater ages and dispersion parameters using tritium. Piston flow model, Completely mixing model and Dispersion binomial model which calculate men residence times, and Dispersion normal model and Dispersion model(C$\_$FF) which calculate mean residence times and dispersion parameters simultaneously were applied. Since the input data, tritium concentrations of rainwaters, lack in part, tritium input function was prepared using the correlation of tritium concentrations of rainwaters of Pohang, Korea and Ottawa, Canada. Similar results of PFM and DBM reflect the intrinsical similarity of two models, assumption of low dispersion. The ages of sites of showing relatively higher tritium concentrations than other sites in the sam, region were not calculated by CMM. Since the calculations of DNM and DM(C$\_$FF/) provide the combination of wide ranges of parameters and groundwater ages, the ranges of dispersion parameters were narrowed down under the assumption that ages calculated by PFM and DBM are correct. Since large variation of tritium concentrations of outflows in a same region may reflect the different characteristics of each groundwater flow regime, using only one specific model on a whole region is not recommended.

• Analytical Science and Technology
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.7-13
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• 2012

The real-time monitoring of radon ($^{222}Rn$) concentrations has been carried out to evaluate the background concentration level of atmospheric radon in Gosan site, Jeju Island. The mean concentration of radon for the recent 10 years was 2831 $mBq/m^3$ (0.077 pCi/L), which was 19.5 time lower than that of indoor radon in Korea. The seasonal concentrations were 2657, 2071, 3249, 3384 $mBq/m^3$ respectively for spring, summer, fall, and winter seasons. In monthly comparison, the radon concentrations were high in October and low in July. The hourly concentrations have increased during the nighttime, showing 3666 $mBq/m^3$ at 7 a.m., and decreased relatively during the daytime, showing 2755 $mBq/m^3$ at 2~3 p.m. From the back trajectory analysis, the radon concentrations showed higher values when the air mass was moved from the Asia continent to Jeju area, on the other hand, it showed low values when it was moved from the North Pacific Ocean.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.41 no.6
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• pp.630-646
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• 2020

In rural areas, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) pollution caused by agricultural activities is a major obstacle to the use of shallow groundwater as domestic water or drinking water. In this study, the water quality characteristics of shallow groundwater in Hyogyo-ri agricultural area of Yesan-gun, Chungcheongnam-do province was studied in connection with land use and chemical composition of soil layer. The average NO3-N concentration in groundwater exceeds the domestic and agricultural standard water qualities of Korea and is caused by anthropogenic sources such as fertilizer, livestock wastewater, and domestic sewage. The groundwater type mainly belongs to Ca(Na)-Cl type, unlike Ca-HCO3 type, a general type of shallow groundwater. The average NO3-N concentration (7.7 mg L-1) in groundwater in rice paddy/other (upstream, ranch, and residential) area is lower than the average concentration (22.8 mg L-1) in farm field area, due to a lower permeability in paddy area than that in farm field area. According to the trend analysis by the Mann-Kendall and Sen tests, the NO3-N concentration in the shallow groundwater shows a very weak decreasing trend with ~0.011 mg L-1yr-1 with indicating almost equilibrium state. Meanwhile, SO42- and HCO3- concentrations display annual decreasing trend by 15.48 and 13.15%, respectively. At a zone of 0 to 5 m below the surface, the average hydraulic conductivity is 1.86×10-5 cm s-1, with a greater value (1.03×10-4cm s-1) in sand layer and a smaller value (2.50×10-8 cm s-1) in silt layer.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.2 no.2
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• pp.31-40
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• 2000

This study was carried out to compare pH and chemical properties of dew in three forest stands(Mt. Nam-Seoul, Shingal-Yongin, Hangdong-Pyungchang)from May, 1998 to September, 1999. The results of this study were as follows; The acidity of dew in Seoul, which has a metropolitan environment, measured pH5.57 $\pm$ 0.41. The highest acidity was measured in Yongin(pH5.50 $\pm$ 0.96), while pH in Pyungchang was 6.36 $\pm$ 0.57. Ion concentration in Pyungchang was lower than in other two regions, with a similar tendency of seasonal cation changes to those in Seoul and Yongin. Anion changes in Pyungchang, however, was inconsistent with those in other two regions. Although analyses of correlation coefficients showed that there was no significant correlation between overall ion concentrations and pH of dew, there was highly significant correlations between some cations and anions in Seoul and Yon gin, leading a suggestion that those ions were coupled from one source.