• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.14 no.8
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• pp.469-478
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• 2016

This Study aims to examine the differences in stress arising from clinical fieldwork of some of the students of occupational therapy department in accordance with the DISC behavioral style and the differences in the coping strategy. It is to provide basic data for the presentation of means of coping with stress that can occur at the time of clinical fieldwork in accordance with the behavioral styles of the students. As the results of the study, it was found that there are differences in the detailed items of clinical fieldwork stress in accordance with the DISC behavioral styles and differences in the strategy for copying with stress in accordance with the DISC behavioral styles. Therefore, there is a need to develop manual for fieldwork instructions and consultations in order for the students of occupational therapy department to cope with the clinical fieldwork stress at the time of clinical fieldwork by considering the behavioral styles of the students through additional researches in the future on the basis of aforementioned results of the study.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.17 no.10
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• pp.709-718
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• 2016

The study considers viewpoints for qualitative improvement of landscape planning based on research literature, books and reports. By classifying items used in this study, evaluation criteria was derived for viewpoint selection using SPSS Statistics. In addition, we establish weights and prioritize viewpoints by measuring the relative importance within the hierarchical index. The analysis results are as follows: First, 16 viewpoints were determined using surveys from experts to establish specific and systematic plans for landscape simulation. Second, with respect to the medium classification level of viewpoint evaluation, the most important factor found was 'view' followed by 'publicness' and 'place.' Third, priority by viewpoint was found to exhibit the following order of relative importance: visual openness of viewpoint, favorability as view target, cultural property space, historicity, public place, gateway place, area where the target can be observed, thickly-populated or most-used place, place where various shapes of targets and surrounding landscape can be identified, ecological protection area, river and waterside area, viewing angle (relief-etching), viewing direction, major roads, distance between the viewpoint and the target, and plains and farmland. These results can contribute to developing systematic and reliable analysis frame for qualitative improvement of landscape planning and evaluating landscape simulation.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.259-270
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• 2020

Plants Social Network (PSN) was first used in recent studies to incorporate the plant sociology methods for the understanding of plant society with the social network analysis methods that have recently attracted attention in the social science and visualize and analyze a PSN. The process of construction and analysis on PSN proceeds in the order of setting up the survey area, investigating the appearance plants species on plots of 100㎡, analyzing the interspecific association, building the sociogram, and analyzing the network structure and centrality. This study established a PSN by investigating the appearance species after installing 708 plots to include various dominant vegetational physiognomies in Busan Metropolitan City, where coastal and inland vegetation could be observed simultaneously. The survey found a total of 195 species, including 42 species of evergreen, 151 species of deciduous trees, and 2 species of semi-evergreen trees. The interspecies binding analysis was performed with the focus on the total number of species. It showed the number of friendly species in the order of Eurya japonica (47 species), Trachelospermum asiaticum (46 species), Linder glauca (44 species), Sorbus alnifolia (44 species), and Ligustrum japonicum (41 species). Based on it, we generated a sociogram using Gephi 0.9.2 program. The sociogram was divided into groups that appeared mostly on the coast and those that did not, reflecting the geographical distribution characteristics of forest vegetation in Busan. The analysis of the network structured showed 1,709 links and an average of 17.5 species having interspecies binding with a species. The density was 0.09, the diameter was 5, and the average path distance was 2.268. We concluded that various PSNs should be established in the future for precise comparative analysis of network characteristics in the social science field. In the PSN of Busan Metropolitan City, Eurya japonica, Linder glauca, Ligustrum japonicum, and Trachelospermum asiaticum showed high centrality.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.45 no.4
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• pp.54-73
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• 2012

In this article, we examined the patterns of activities of the Sarmathians though in a humble measure, with a focus on the regions where the Sarmathian sheaths spreaded. One of the main weapons the mounted nomads like the Scythias, the Sarmathians, and the Alans used at war was a spear. Though complementary, a sword was the most convenient and appropriate weapon when fighting at a near distance, fallen from the horse to the ground. The Sarmathian swords continued the tradition of the Akinakes which the Scythias or the Persians used, but those of the Sarmathians showed some advances in terms of the easiness with which a sword was drawn out from a sheath, and the way the sheaths were worn to parts of a human body. It turns out that the Sarmathian sheaths, which were designed for the people to draw swords easily, having the sheaths attached to thighs through 4 bumps, spread extensively from Pazyryk, Altai, to South Siberia, Bactria, Parthia and Rome. The most noteworthy out of all the Sarmathian sheaths were the ones that were excavated from the 4th tomb in Tillatepe, Afghanistan which belonged to the region of Bactria. The owner of the fourth tomb of Tilla-tepe whose region was under the control of Kushan Dynasty at that time, was buried wearing Sarmathian swords, and regarded as a big shot in the region of Bactria which was also under the governance of Kushan Dynasty. The fact that the owner of the tomb wore two swords suggests that there had been active exchange between Bactria and Sarmathia. It seemed that the reason why the Sarmathians could play an important role in the exchange between the East and the West might have something to do with their role of supplying Chinese goods to Silk Road. That's why we are interested in how the copper mirrors of Han Dynasty, decoration beads like melon-type beads, crystal beads and goldring articulated beads, and the artifacts of South China which produced silks were excavated in the northern steppe route where the Sarmathians actively worked. Our study have established that the eye beads discovered in Sarmathian tomb estimated to have been built around the 1st century B.C. were reprocessed in China, and then imported to Sarmathia again. We should note the Huns as a medium between the Sarmathians and the South China which were far apart from each other. Thus gold-ring articulated beads which were spread out mainly across the South China has been discovered in the Huns' remains. On the other hand, between 2nd century B.C. and 2nd century A.D. which were main periods of the Sarmathians, it was considered that the traffic route connecting the steppe route and the South China might be West-South silk road which started from Yunnan, passed through Myanmar, Pakistan, and Afghanistan, and then went into the east of India. The West-south Silk road is presumed to have been used by nomadic tribes who wanted to get the goods from South China before the Oasis route was activated by the Han Dynasty's policy of managing the countries bordering on Western China.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.550-558
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• 2014

This study was conducted to investigate the distribution and the population dynamics of Hipparchia autonoe by using a line transect and Mark-Release-Recapture (MRR) at the Mt. Halla in Jeju Island. The results showed that H. autonoe was found from 1,500 m above the sea level. Total 1,493 H. autonoe with 978 males and 515 females were captured and released in the MRR study site. Among them, 518 individuals including 284 males and 234 females were recaptured. The average survival time was 2.31 days with 2.14 days for males and 3.47 days for females, indicating longer survival time in case of females than males. The daily population size of males estimated in the MRR study site was maintained about 1,000 individuals in July and gradually decreased less than 200 in August. The number of females showed peak at 335 individuals on July 24, and gradually decreased less than 120 in August. Thus, female population was 1/3 of males. The average travel distance of male and female H. autonoe were $116.8{\pm}191.9m$ and $118.4{\pm}161.5m$, respectively, indicating almost same between sexes. H. autonoe in the Mt. Halla formed single population group in the wide meadow around the Baekrokdam Lake. The highest population density of H. autonoe was occurred in the restored area from damages, where host plants such as the sheep's fescue or the food plant are abundant by artificial restoration efforts.

• Journal of the Korean association of regional geographers
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.183-199
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• 1998

The purpose of this study is to review the meaning of the self-containment of new town from the viewpoint of ESSD and to derive some policy implications for enhancing the level of the self-containment. The case study area selected for empirical research is Ilsan in Seoul Metropolitan Area. As the self-containment of a new town is related to the energy consumption in transport and the increment of air pollution, the behavioral analysis of residents using self-contained facilities is one of the important subjects in ESSD. So, in this paper the characteristics of the land use plan and the level of self-containment in Ilsan new town are analyzed with regard to the supply of schools, jobs, goods and services. The empirical study shows that the degree of self-containment in the supply of jobs has low score(21.8%) because Ilsan new town is involved in the region in which the provision of a variety of employment opportunities is restricted by the metropolitan arrangement plan. The degree of self-containment in the supply of schools and goods has high score(94.0% and 89.4%). But there is a time lag in the supply of public services. It is suggested that new towns must be located remote from Seoul to avoid the restrictions by the metropolitan arrangement plan. To bring up the self-contained facilities, it is desirable to draw up a plan of attracting the tertiary sector in new town such as office industry. And, as the office industry prefers to locate in CBD of central city, it is necessary to give financial incentives to relocate the industry to new town. The establishment of an office complex for the pursuit of agglomeration economy would be an appropriate alternative. To solve the problem of time lag in the supply of self-contained facilities, it is necessary to prepare the synchronized development plan of housing and convenience facilities, especially schools and public services.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.51 no.4
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• pp.101-118
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• 2023

During the COVID-19 pandemic, the utilization rate of neighborhood parks and green spaces increased significantly, and the outbreak served as an opportunity to highlight the values and functions of neighborhood parks and green spaces for urban residents. This study aims to empirically analyze how citizens' movement and the use of neighborhood parks and green spaces changed before and after COVID-19 and examine the social and spatial characteristics that affected these changes. As a research method, first, people's mobility around neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after the COVID-19 pandemic were compared using signal data from telecommunication carriers. Through the analysis of changes in residence time and movement volume, the movement characteristics of citizens after COVID-19 and changes in walking-based park visits were examined. Second, the factors affecting the mobility change in neighborhood parks and green spaces were analyzed. The social and spatial characteristics that affect citizens' visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces before and after COVID-19 were examined through correlation and multiple regression analysis. Subsequently, through cluster analysis, the types of living areas for the post-COVID era were classified from the perspective of the supply and management of neighborhood parks and green spaces services, and directions for improving neighborhood parks and green spaces by type were presented. Major research findings are as follows: First, since the outbreak of COVID-19, activities within 500m of the residence have increased. The amount of stay and walking movement increased in both 2020 and 2021, which means that the need to review the quantitative standards and attractions of neighborhood parks and green spaces has increased considering the changed scope of the walking and living area. Second, the overall number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces by walking has increased since the outbreak of COVID-19. The number of visits to neighborhood parks and green spaces centered on the house and the workplace increased significantly. The park green policy in the post-COVID era should be promoted by discovering underprivileged areas, focusing on areas where residential, commercial, and business facilities are concentrated, and improving neighborhood parks and green services in quantitative and qualitative terms. Third, it was found that the higher the level of park green service, the higher the amount of walking movement. It is necessary to use indicators that contribute to improving citizens' actual park green services, such as walking accessibility, rather than looking at the criteria for securing green areas. Fourth, as a result of cluster analysis, five types of neighborhood parks and green spaces were derived in response to the post-COVID era. This suggests that it is necessary to consider the socioeconomic status and characteristics of living areas and the level of park green services required in future park green policies. This study has academic and policy significance in that it has laid the basis for establishing neighborhood parks and green spaces policy in response to the post-COVID era by using various analysis methodologies such as carrier signal data analysis, GIS analysis, and statistical analysis.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.154-167
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• 2014

The results of this study conducted to identify the substance, regional characteristics or landscaping of Namwon Yonghogugok, which is the only valley of Jiri Mountain, based on Kim Samun's 'Yonghokugok-Gyeongseungannae(龍湖九曲景勝案內)', 'Yongseongji(龍城誌)' and position, meaning of letters carved and projection technique by ArcGIS10.0 on the rocks are as below. The feature landscapes of the canyon of Yonghogugok, which is an incised meander and one of the Eight beautiful scenery of Namwon, ponds, cliffs and rocks generated with metamorphic rocks and granites weathered by rapids torrents. As a result of measuring the GPS coordinates of the letters carved on the rocks, excluding the 3 Gok Hakseoam and the distances based on the origin and destination of the letters carved on the rocks using the API(Application Programming Interface) function of Daum map, the total distance of Yonghogugok was 3.5km and the average distance between the each Gok was 436.5m. It is assumed that Yonghogugok was designated by Sarim(士林) of the Kiho School(畿湖學派) related to Wondong Hyangyak(元洞鄕約) which is the main agent of Yonghojeongsa(龍湖精舍), the forerunner of Yonghoseowon(龍湖書院), between the late Joseon Dynasty and the early Japanese colonial era, in 1927. Its grounds are the existence of Yonghoyeongdang mentioned on 'Yonghojeongsilgi'(龍湖亭實記), records of 'Haeunyugo(荷隱遺稿)', 'Yonghopumje(龍湖品題)' of Bulshindang(佛神堂), 'Yonghojeongsadonggu Gapjachun(龍湖精舍洞口 甲子春)' letters carved on the rocks and 'Yonghogugok-Shipyeong(龍湖九曲十詠)' posted on Mokgandang of Yonghoseowon. Comprehensively considering the numerous poetry society lists carved on the stone wall of Punghodae(風乎臺), the Sixth Gok Yuseondae, its stone mortar, 'Bangjangjeildongcheon(方丈第一洞天)' of Bulshindang and Gyoryongdam(交龍潭), the Yonghoseokmun(龍湖石門) letters carved on the rocks, Yeogungseok adjacent to the First Gok and Fengshui facilities, centered on Yonghoseowon and Yonghojeong, Yonghogugok can be understood as a unique valley culture formed with the thoughts of Confucianism, Buddhism, Taoism and Fengshui. 'Yonghogugok-Gyeongseungannae' provides very useful information to understand the place name, called by locals and landscaping aspects of Yonghogugok in the late Joseon Dynasty. In addition, the meaning of "Nine dragons" and even though 12 chu(湫: pond) of Yonghogugok Yongchudong including Bulyeongchu, Guryongchu, Isuchu, Goieumchu and Daeyachu are mentioned on Yongseongji, a part of them cannot be confirmed now. Various place names and facilities relevant to Guryong adjacent to Yonghogugok are the core of the place identity. In addition, the accurate location identification and the delivery of the landscaping significance of the 12 ponds is expected to provide landscaping attractiveness of Yonghogugok and become very useful contents for landscaping storytelling and a keyword of storyboard.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-10
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• 1991

The object of this stduy was to investigate the pollution of Pb in paddy field soil with different distance from roadside and to find out the relationship between the ratio of chemical fractions of total Pb and soil characteristics. Lead from automobiles is exhausted as particulates composed primarily of halide compounds (PbBrCl, $PbBr_2$, $PbCl_2$). The samples of soil were collected directly from the paddy fields with different distance from the roadside of highway and expressway which are located in Kyungpook province. A sequential extraction procedure was used to fractionate Pb in paddy field soil into the disignated forms of water soluable, exchangeable, organically bounded, carbonate, sulfide, and residual Pb. Results obtained are summerized as follows. 1. The content of Pb in paddy field soil was the highest in Chungdo, 30.0 ppm, the lowest in Koryung, 14.8 ppm, and the total average content was 21.9 ppm. The effect of traffic volume was not clear, but a slight difference according to the order of opened year of roads was showed. 2. The effect of distance from roadside was not clear. The content of Pb in paddy field soil with different distance from roadside was 22.2 ppm within l0m, 22.1 ppm in 10∼30m, 22.2 ppm in 30∼50m. and 21.3 ppm beyond 50m. 3. The distribution of Pb fractions in soil showed a wide difference depending on soil properties. The average content of exchangeable. organically bounded, carbonate, sulfide, and residual Pb was 8.6%, 33.6%, 29.8%, 21.5%, and 6.7%, of total Pb in the soil, respectively. 4. The content of organically bounded Pb in soil showed highly positive correlation with organic matter and CEC, while the content of exchangeable Pb was highly negative correlation. 5. With higher soil organic matter and CEC, organically bounded Pb fraction tend to be higher but exchangeable Pb fraction tend to be lower. Other forms of Pb showed no difference with soil organic matter contend and CEC. The distribution of Pb fraction related to CEC showed similiar tendency with that of organic matter content.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.34 no.3
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• pp.98-114
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• 2016

The this study aimed to expand urban heritage using Public Goods and to suggest the assemblage of urban heritage and urban spaces in order to improve landscape conservation and management scheme of urban heritage exposed to a rapidly changing urban environment. The results obtained in this study were summarized as follows: First, in order to improve understanding of the heritage in urban spaces, urban heritage were illustrated on a 1:1000 map with all the public facilities surrounding it using a cultural heritage conservation map listed on the Cultural Heritage Administration's web site, standards for changing present condition, and a topographic map. Second, the status and changes of urban heritage and surroundings were analyzed using the minutes of Historical Cultural Heritage Division Committee for 10 years from 2005 to 2014 to create a status map of urban heritage. Land uses surrounding the urban heritage were investigated the areas of conservation potential and the places that can enhance the to find out values of urban heritage. Also, a profile was created to examine the site characteristics surrounding urban heritage, and photos were taken at important heritage areas and public facilities in order to record the field. Third, analyzed were the relationship of the distance, location, function, and distribution between urban heritage and public facilities surrounding the heritage. using visual features and moving routes in order to identify their impacts on urban heritage and their functions as potential resources. In addition, the role of Public Goods in urban spaces and the plan for revitalizing surrounding areas asset were examined. Fourth, selections were made on Public Goods that have direct or indirect effects on urban heritage. The role of public asset was investigated through visual, areal, and linear elements. The results were summarized to suggest improvement landscape and management mauser on of urban heritage.