• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.4
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• pp.722-728
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• 2012

Climate change affects all biological processes in terrestrial ecosystems including photosynthesis, plant growth and productivity. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of experimental warming on the growth of Quercus variabilis seedlings. One-year-old Q. variabilis seedlings were planted in control and warmed plots in April 2010. The air temperature of warmed plots was increased by $3^{\circ}C$ compared to control plots using the infrared lamp from November 2010. Shoot height and root collar diameter were measured in March 2011 and June 2012, respectively, and aboveground and belowground biomass were also measured in March 2011 and 2012, respectively. Shoot height and root collar diameter were significantly higher in warmed plots than in control plots, except for root collar diameter in March 2011. Increment (mm) of shoot height and root collar diameter were also higher in warmed plots ($529{\pm}30$, $5.6{\pm}0.5$) than in control plots ($464{\pm}28$, $4.5{\pm}0.4$). However, there were no significant differences between warmed and control plots except for root collar diameter. Increment (g/year) of total, aboveground and belowground biomass were higher in warmed plots ($36.88{\pm}6.52$, $11.91{\pm}3.44$, $24.97{\pm}3.73$) than in control plots ($30.59{\pm}5.51$, $8.73{\pm}1.66$, $21.86{\pm}3.88$), however, the differences were not statistically significant. Higher seedling growth and biomass of warmed plots might be related to the enhanced net photosynthetic rates in spring and the extended growing season.

• Journal of Soil and Groundwater Environment
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.3-11
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• 2001

To select a suitable indigenous plant for the phytoremediation of TNT contaminated soil, eight representative species of native grasses were tested to identify TNT toxicity thresholds. The threshold was determined based on various factors including cumulative seed germination, root and shoot length, fresh biomass, and the amount of water uptake under various TNT concentrations. Phytotoxic effect of TNT on plants was increased with the increase in TNT concentration but the degree was varied between grass species. Concentrations up to 60-80mgTNT/liter did not affect germination of Abutilion avicennae, Echinochioa crusgalli var. frumentacea, and Aeschynomene indica. Phytotoxicity threshold inhibition (50%) of Abutilion avicennae, schinochioa crusgalli var. frumentacea, Aeschynomene indica were 5-40mgTNT/liter for root length, 50-73mg TNT/Liter for shoot length and 68-99mgTNT/Liter for fresh biomass during 14 days of seedling exposure. Root and shoot growth as well as fresh biomass decreased as TNT concentration increased. In addition, the amount of water uptake decreased with increasing TNT concentration in Abutilion avicennae and Aeschynomene indica. Comparison of toxicity thresholds for the tested grass species showed that sensitivity of plants to TNT was in the order of root length > shoot length > fresh biomass > germination rate. From these results, we concluded that Abutilion avicennae and Aeschynomene indica had tolerance to TNT among the species tested.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural and Forest Meteorology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.29-38
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• 2014

Allometric equations for leaf, branch, stem and total above ground biomass of Pinus koraeinsis trees were developed with diameter at breast height(DBH) of trees, which were growing in a pine plantation with the stand density of 410 tree $ha^{-1}$ and the average DBH of $29.1{\pm}5.2$ cm in Mt. Taewha, Gyeonggi. Damage by Acantholyda parki reduced leaf biomass compared to other studies, however, its contribution to total biomass was minimal among parts. Comprehensive analysis revealed that constant in allometric equation for total above ground biomass (logY=a + blogX) was affected by average DBH and stand density, however, constant b was not. At the stand level, biomass for leaf, brach, stem, total above ground biomass were 6.68 Mg $ha^{-1}$, 18.82 Mg $ha^{-1}$, 101.02 Mg $ha^{-1}$, 126.53 Mg $ha^{-1}$, respectively. We developed a Korean pine stand biomass regression, which explained about 98% of variation with DBH and stand density based on comprehensive analysis.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.24-34
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• 2012

The study was carried out to investigate the effects of polymer, calcium, perlite and chitosan on the growth of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne L., PR) and to provide a basic information needed for their practical application when establishing garden, parks, athletic field and golf courses with these materials. A total of 24 treatment combinations were applied in the study. Treatments were made of water-swelling polymer (WSP), calcium, perlite and chitosan mixed in soil organic amendment (SOA). Germination rate, turfgrass coverage, turfgrass density and top growth were evaluated in PR under greenhouse conditions. Significant differences were observed for these growth characteristics among the treatments. Turfgrass density and plant height, evaluated on a weekly basis, varied with time after seeding. A proper mixing rate of WSP was considered to be lower 3% for the growth of PR with an exception of being below 6% for turfgrass density. Germination rate and early survival capacity were greatly influenced by calcium and chitosan among the elements of calcium, perlite, and chitosan. But there was little effect by perlite. Calcium and chitosan were most effective one for turfgrass density and coverage, respectively. Top leaf-growth was influenced by all three elements, but the greatest effect was highly linked with calcium. Chitosan was very effective in early germination and vertical leaf growth, as compared with the others. Future studies are required for measuring the effect of WSP, calcium, perlite and chitosan on the turf growth characteristics in root zone mixtures of sand+SOA before a practical field use.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.78 no.2
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• pp.143-150
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• 1989

This research was performed to estimate the influence of relative light intensity and planting density on the growth of dry weight of needles and other organs growth in Korean white pine seedlings raised in the transplanting bed. 1. As treated with various light intensities, relationships between needle dry weight and growth of other organs(dry weight of shoot, root and diameter of seedlings) had significantly positive correlations and linear regressions, but regression between needle dry weight and seedling elongation was a second degree polynomial. As treated with various planting densities, the second degree regression curve was found between needle dry weight and shoot dry weight, and seedling elongation, And linear regression between needle dry weight and root dry weight, and seedling dry weight could be estimated, while any regression between needle dry weight and diameter was not recognized. 2. As treated with various light intensities, linear regression between leaf area and shoot dry weight, and seedling dry weight, exponential regression between leaf area and seedling elongation were significantly recognized, while a tendency of logarithmic regression between leaf area and diameter appeared. According to the different density treatment, logarithmic regression between leaf area and shoot dry weight, linear regression between leaf area and root dry weight, and seedling dry weight, but quadric regression between leaf area and seedling elongation and diameter were significantly found.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.30 no.4
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• pp.368-374
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• 1985

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for the shortening of emergence period of ginseng by treatment of growth regulators. Seedlings that removed and non-removed bud sac were treated at 10, 50 and 100ppm of GA$_3$, Kinetin and 2,4-D in early December, and investigated the characteristics of new bud emergence and growth vigor in 2-year-old ginseng. GA treatment showed the most desirable effects in shortening of emergence period of new bud, and elevating its emergence rate with increasing of the GA concentration. In addition, GA treatment especially accelerated the growth of stem and petiole length and early finished the growth of aerial parts of ginseng. On the other hand, root weights were mainly increased by formation of a lot fine roots in GA 50, 100ppm plots.

• Journal of Wetlands Research
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.61-69
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• 1999

The above ground biomass and annual net productivity of Salix nipponica were estimated by the allometric method in the littoral zone of Parksil-nup wetland, Hapcheon-gun, Gyeongsangnam-do Korea. The density of stems and individuals per hectare were 14,950 and 6,140, respectively and the mean number of stems per individual was 2.43. The proportion of the above ground biomass of stem, branch, and leaf were 59.2%, 28.3% and 12.5%, respectively. The standing crops was 109.7 ton/ha and total phytomass was 926.7 ton in the study area. Annual net production was 25.3 ton/ha estimated from the standing crops and the age structure.

• Journal of Bio-Environment Control
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.50-56
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• 1996

This experiment was carried out to investigate the effects of new material, bioceramic powder in the nutrient solution(0.02%) and foliar spray(0.2%) on the growth and fruit quality of aeroponically grown tomato(Lycopersicon esculentum MILL. cv. Seokwang). Plant height was lowered, but root growth was increased both treatment of bioceramic powder into the nutrient solution and foliar spray. Cluster growth of tomato plants increased up to 14% over than that of control in the plot of foliar spray with bioceramic powder. Total plant dry weight also increased when bioceramic powder was treated both into the nutrient solution and foliar spray. T/R ratio was reduced by the treatment of bioceramic powder, but NAR and RGR showed the highest in the plot of foliar spray treated with 0.2% bioceramic powder than that of the other plots. Cumulative fruit fresh and dry weight were reduced when bioceramic powder was treated into nutrient solution but foliar spray produced more cumulative fruit fresh and dry weight than that of control. It was shown that treatment of bioceramic powder into the nutrient solution and foliar spray could be improved sugar degree without reducing fruit yields.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.163-175
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• 2007

This study was initiated to investigate the effect of chitosan on Kentucky bluegrass growth. Chitosan was applied rates of 300, 500, and 800 times dilution at ten-day intervals after transplanting. We observed such growth characteristics asleaf length, root length, numbers of leaves, fresh weight and dry weight, and chlorophyll content. Treatment of 300 X diluted chitosan resulted in the longest leaf length of 26.2cm comparing with the 17.1cm average leaf length of control. Leaf numbers were 21.4 and 31.7 for the control and the 500 X dilution treatment. The root length in control was 16.8cm while the treatment of 500 X diluted chitosan increased root length to 27.4cm. Chlorophyll content resulted 19.9mg/$100cm^2$ for the control and 25.5mg/$100cm^2$ for the treatment of 300 X diluted chitosan. In general, we found that the treatment of 500 X diluted chitosan resulted higher leaf number, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry weight.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Crop Science Conference
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• 2017.10a
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• pp.63-63
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• 2017