• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.68 no.2
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• pp.69-80
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• 2023

This study investigated the differences in barley growth at different growth stages (Dec, Feb, and Apr) and the yield at harvest in three groups (G1, G2, and G3) with different climates. Additionally, we measured meteorological differences between areas during the growing season to determine which factors were related to growth and yield differences. We evaluated the chemical composition of soil and the mineral content in leaves during the heading stages. We also recorded the main constituents, amino acids, and mineral compositions of barley seeds grown in different areas. Tiller number/m² in G1 areas was higher than in G2 and G3 when measured before and after overwintering. However, tiller number/m² and dry aboveground plant parts/m² in G2 and G3 areas were higher than in G1. Regrowth, panicle formation, and heading days in G2 areas occurred slightly later than in G1 and G3. However, there was no difference in chlorophyll content (SPAD value) between groups. The yield in G1 areas was 9~15% less than in G1 and G3. The decrease in yield in G2 areas could be due to lower panicle number, spikelet number, and ripening rate. In addition, the decrease in yield in G2 areas is likely because maximum, minimum, and average daily temperatures during the growing season were lower than those in G1 and G3. However, mineral nutrients in the soil were higher in the G2 area than in G1 and G3. The overall mineral content in plants tended to be higher in G1 areas than in G2 and G3. Mineral content such as Cu, K, Mg, and P in G3 areas and crude protein and most amino acids in G2 areas tended to be relatively low compared to other areas. Thus, the G1 area may be suitable for barley cultivation without adverse impacts on barley yield, main constituents, amino acids, and mineral contents compared to the main producing areas in G3.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.113 no.1
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• pp.31-39
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• 2024

This study was performed to determine the effects of Four seedling age classes ageon the characteristics of growth and nutrient uptake in Chamaecyparis obtusa container seedlings. Seedlings (1-1, 2-0, 2-1, and 2-2 seedlings) of C. obtusa grown in containers were harvested to measure specific leaf area, height (H)/root collar diameter (D) ratio, dry mass of aboveground (T)/root dry mass (R) ratio, and seedling quality index of seedlings. The specific leaf area was highest in 1-0 seedlings (30.48 cm² g^-1), whereas it decreased (from 28.62 cm² g^-1 to 23.59 cm² g^-1) with increasing seedling age. The H/D ratio increased with increasing seedling age (from 4.41 in 1-0 seedlings to 8.35 in 2-2 seedlings). The T/R ratio decreased as the seedling age increased (from 4.29 in the 1-0 seedling to 2.13 in the 2-1 seedling). The seedling quality index increased with increasing seedling age (from 0.10 for the 1-0 seedling to 3.06 for the 2-2 seedling). The carbon concentrations of seedling components (leaf, branches, stem, and roots) did not differ significantly with seedling age, whereas the nitrogen concentration of seedling components was the lowest in 2-1 seedlings, as no fertilizer was applied to discourage excessive growth of the seedlings. Phosphorus, potassium, and magnesium concentrations in 2-1 seedling components were not affected by the lack of fertilizer application. These results can be applied to determine the optimum morphological characteristics and nutrient management by seedling age in container- grown C. obtusa.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.174-190
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• 1986

A series of laboratory and greenhouse experiments were conducted to find out the possibility of tissue culture and cell culture methods as a tool to study herbicidal behaviour and herbicide tolerance screening from 1985 to 1986 at the Yeongnam Crop Experiment Station. For dehulled-rice culture, pure agar medium was the most appropriate in rice growth campared to other media used for plant tissue culture method. All the media but the pure agar medium resulted in growth retardance by approximately 50% and this effect was more pronounced to root growth than shoot growth. Herbicidal phytotoxicity was enhanced under light condition for butachlor, 2.4-D, and propanil while this effect was reversed for DPX F-5384 and CGA 142464, respectively. And also, herbicides of butachlor, chlornitrofen, oxadiazon, and BAS-514 resulted in more phytotoxic effect when shoot and root of rice were exposed to herbicide than root exposure only while other used herbicides exhibited no significant difference between two exposure regimes. Similar response was obtained from Echinochloa crusgalli even though the degree of growth retardance was much greater. Particularly, butachlor, 2.4-D, chlornitrofen, oxadiaxon, pyrazolate and BAS-514 totally inhibited chlorophyll biosynthesis even at the single contact of root. Apparent cultivar differences to herbicide were observed at the young seedling culture method and dehulled rice cultivars were more tolerant in DPX F-5384, NC-311, pyrazolate and pyrazoxyfen, respectively. For derant than other types or rice cultivar in butachlor, pretilachlor, perfluidone and oxadiazon while Tongil-type rice cultivars were more tolerant in DPXF-5384, NC-311, Pyrazolate and Pyrazoxyfen, respectively. For dehulled rice culture, on the other hand, Japonica-type rice cultivar was less tolerant to herbicides of butachlor, propanil, chlornitrofen and oxadiazon that was reversed trend to young seedling culture test. Cultivar differences were also exhibited within same cultivar type. In general, relatively higher tolerant cultivars were Milyang 42, Cheongcheongbyeo, Samgangbyeo, Chilseoungbyeo for Tongil-type, Somjinbyeo for Japonica-type and IR50 for Indica-type, respectively. The response of callus growth showed similar to dehulled rice culture method in all herbicides regardless of property variables. However, concentration response was much sensitive in callus response. The concentration ranges of $10^{-9}M-10^(-8)M$ were appropriate to distinguish the difference between herbicides for E. crusgalli callus growth. Among used herbicides, BAS-514 was the most effective to E. crusgalli callus growth. Based on the above results, tissue culture method could be successfully used as a tool for studying herbicidal behaviour and tolerance screening to herbicide.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.59 no.3
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• pp.299-306
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• 2014

Fresh edible sweet corns demand relatively short period to harvest fresh ears, which can allow farmers to make a choice sweet corns for various cropping systems. For this reason, we were to find the optimum planting date of late-planted sweet corns to sell fresh ears in the autumn linked to cropping system with winter crops, investigating yield and properties of marketable fresh ears and growth traits of sweet corns (cv. 'Godangok' and cv. 'Guseulok') depending on planting dates such as 10 July, 20 July, and 30 July in Suwon 2012 and 2013, respectively. The 20 July-planted sweet corns showed the most fresh ear yield. However, the 10 July-planted and the 30 July-planted had 32% less yield caused by consecutive rainfall from 10 July through 20 July, and 15% less yield due to low air temperature during ripening than the 20 July-planted, respectively. The 10 and 20 July-planted sweet corns had average 140g of a fresh ear weight and 15% heavier ear than the 30 July-planted. For the July-planted sweet corns, silking days after planting ($r=-0.80^{**}$), and harvesting days after silking ($r=-0.97^{**}$) and planting ($r=-0.91^{**}$) were highly negatively correlated with daily mean air temperature during the period, resulting in it takes 1,100 growing degree days (GDD) to harvest fresh ears from the July-planted sweet corns. The fresh ears of the 20 July-planted sweet corns are able to be harvested by early October. Therefore it will be a good choice for the cropping system based on winter vegetable cash crops such as temperate garlic and onion with medium or late maturity. Among three planting dates 20 July-planted sweet corns had the best field performance in every year considering fresh ear yield, ear size, and stability to grow.