• Korean Journal of Ichthyology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.72-85
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• 1999

A study on the larval fish assemblage around the front area was conducted in the Korea Strait in August, 1993. The front was found in the shelf break located in $35{\sim}36^{\circ}N$. A total of 125 species were found in the study area. Of these Engraulis japonicus was the most dominant species comprising 84.3% of the total fish larvae collected and followed by Maurolicus muelleri accounting for 7.7%. Gobiidae, Callionymidae and Pomacentridae showed higher frequency of occurrence. These five species can be divided into three groups. First group was comprised in the larval fish species such as E. japonicus and Callionymidae which were found in the whole study area. The second group was comprised of Gobiidae and Pomacentridae which were found in the warm area located in the southern part of the front area. The other species was M. muelleri found in the cold area located in the northern part of the front area including the front area. The assemblage, geological distribution and body length composition of the fish larvae in the Korea Strait would be mainly determined by the spawning ecology of the fishes, and the geological distribution and structure of the front which is formed in the ocean boundary between the Tsushima Current and the East Sea Cold Water.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.369-375
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• 2015

Data on the spatial distribution of a plant population among administrative areas is useful for various purposes. In this study, I analyzed the spatial distribution of the geographical distances of Carex siderosticta at Mt. Geumjeong and Mt. Ahop in Korea. The aim was to test a spatial structure within two populations of C. siderosticta. Most natural plots of C. siderosticta are not uniformly distributed in the forest community; for example, uniform plots were aggregately distributed within a space of 6.0 m $\times$ 6.0 m. When the sampling plots were larger than 6.0 m $\times$ 12.0 m, the individuals of C. siderosticta were aggregately distributed. The neighboring patches of C. siderosticta were predominantly 7.5 m to 9.0 m apart, on average; however, if the natural populations were disturbed by human activities, the aggregation occurred in shorter distances than a scale of 9.0 m. Moran's I of C. siderosticta significantly differed from the expected value in only 16 of 40 cases (40%). In conclusion, the geographical distribution of C. siderosticta is not even, with varying degrees of size in the plots, while human activities give rise to density effects in the plots at both Mt. Geumjeong and Mt. Ahop in Korea.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.1-12
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• 2001

The time-spatial distributional changes of fourteen warmth-tolerant plants have reconstructed by the use of the historical records of the Chosun Dynasty on the periods of 1454, 1531, 1660, 1760, 1842∼45, 1864, 1907 and 1931. Nine types of geographical distribution, and four types of temporal distribution are, respectively, recognised from fourteen warmth-tolerant plants. The most widely distributed species which occur at more than 100 counties was the persimmon. Species occurred more than 50 counties include the large bamboo, small bamboo and pomegranate. Tea plant and ramie are also commonly found species at more than 30 counties. Past geographical distribution of warmth-tolerant plants seems to be the result of both natural and anthropogenic environments.

• Journal of the Korean Geographical Society
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.247-257
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• 2001

The relationships between the distribution of 132 species, 61 genera evergreen broad-leaved trees and shrubs(EBTS) and climatic factors have discussed. The distributional patterns of EBTS were categorized into seven groups on the basis of the number of distributing sites, distributional attitudes and latitudes. Out of seven group. the cold-tolerant EBTS were common at groups I and II, along tilth Empetrum nigrum var. japonicum. Diapensia lapponics subsp. obovata of group III. However, the warmth-tolerant EBTS were rich at groups III. IV V, and VI The lower distributional limits of cold-tolerant EBTS in the groups I and UU decreased as one moves toward south. The upper distributional limit of warmth-tolerant EBTS in the groups III, IV and V decreased with increasing latitude. However. no clear distributional tendency is noticed in the groups VI and VII. The range of warmth-tolerant EBTS appear to show close relationship with the January mean temperature -4 $\^{C}$ and January mean minimum temperature -9$\^{C}$ than others. On the other hand, that of the cold-tolerant EBTS seem to respond well to the August mean temperature 19$\^{C}$ and August mean maximum temperature 26$\^{C}$ than others.

• The Journal of Bigdata
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.139-149
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• 2021

Ddareungi, a public bicycle service in Seoul, establishes itself as a means of daily transportation for citizens in Seoul. We speculated that the pattern of using Ddareungi may have changed since COVID-19. This study explores changes in using Ddareungi after COVID-19 with descriptive statistical analysis and network analysis. The analysis results are summarized as follows. The average traveling distance and average traveling speed have decreased over the entire time in a day since COVID-19. The round trip rate has increased at dawn and morning and has decreased in the evening and night. The average weighted degree and average clustering coefficient have decreased, and the modularity has increased. The clusters, located north of the Han River in Seoul, had a similar geographic distribution before and after COVID-19. However, the clusters, located south of the Han River, had different geographic distributions after COVID-19. Traveling routes added to the top 5 traffic rankings after COVID-19 had an average traveling distance of fewer than 1,000 meters. We expect that the results of this study will help improve the public bicycle service in Seoul.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.229-237
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• 2015

This study aims to offer basic data to effectively preserve and manage pine forests using more precise pine forests' distribution status. In this regard, this study predicts the geographical distribution change of pine forests growing in South Korea, due to climate change, and evaluates the spatial distribution characteristics of pine forests by age. To this end, this study predicts the potential distribution change of pine forests by applying the MaxEnt model useful for species distribution change to the present and future climate change scenarios, and analyzes the effects of bioclimatic variables on the distribution area and change by age. Concerning the potential distribution regions of pine forests, the pine forests, aged 10 to 30 years in South Korea, relatively decreased more. As the area of the region suitable for pine forest by age was bigger, the decreased regions tend to become bigger, and the expanded regions tend to become smaller. Such phenomena is conjectured to be derived from changing of the interaction of pine forests by age from mutual promotional relations to competitive relations in the similar climate environment, while the regions suitable for pine forests' growth are mostly overlap regions. This study has found that precipitation affects more on the distribution of pine forests, compared to temperature change, and that pine trees' geographical distribution change is more affected by climate's extremities including precipitation of driest season and temperature of the coldest season than average climate characteristics. Especially, the effects of precipitation during the driest season on the distribution change of pine forests are irrelevant of pine forest's age class. Such results are expected to result in a reduction of the pine forest as the regions with the increase of moisture deficiency, where climate environment influencing growth and physiological responses related with drought is shaped, gradually increase according to future temperature rise. The findings in this study can be applied as a useful method for the prediction of geographical change according to climate change by using various biological resources information already accumulated. In addition, those findings are expected to be utilized as basic data for the establishment of climate change adaptation policies related to forest vegetation preservation in the natural ecosystem field.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Fisheries Technology Conference
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• 2003.05a
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• pp.339-340
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• 2003

미꾸리과 Cobitidae 어류는 유우라시아 대륙의 담수역에 널리 분포하는 저서성소형 어류로 형태적으로 매우 다양하여 분류학적으로 많은 논란이 있었으나 최근 이차성징으로 나타나는 수컷 가슴지느러미의 기부에 있는 골질반의 구조와 체측 반문 그리고 지리적 분포범위의 구분 등에 관한 특징은 종 분류에 유용하게 사용되고 있다(김, 1997). Nalbant(1993)는 우리나라의 미꾸리과 어류중 기름종개속 Cobitis에 포함되었던 참종개, 왕종개, 미호종개, 부안종개를 새로운 속 Iksookimia로 기재 발표하여 김(1997)은 이를 국명으로 남방종개라 하고 인접 수역인 탐진강과 서남해로 유입되는 하천에도 이 종이 분포한다고 지적한 바 있다. (중략)

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2004.05b
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• pp.1276-1279
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• 2004

수문순환 과정에서 증발산은 물이 유역으로부터 제거되는 주요 기작으로서, 증발산에 중요한 역할을 하는 식물은 지구 육지 표면의 약 $70\%$ 정도를 점유하고 있으며, 생태계의 가장 중요한 구성인자로서, 식물의 종류 및 군집의 공간적 분포유형, 생육주기 및 형태적 변화 등과 같은 정보들은 그 지역의 기후, 토양, 지질, 지리적 특성을 밝히는데 중요한 역할을 한다. 식생관련 정보 중 엽면적 지수란 단위지표면적당 총 엽면적의 비를 나타내는 것으로 환경생태, 기상, 수문분야에서 다양하게 활용되고 있다. 본 연구에서는 Landsat 위성영상과 DEM 등의 GIS 자료를 이용하여 지형적인 요소를 고려하여 유역의 증발산량을 분포형으론 산정하는 것을 목적으로 하고 있다. 연구대상유역은 한강의 제1지류인 경안천유역으로 하였고, 증발산량 산정에 필요한 기상자료는 월평균기온, 수평면일사량, 상대습도를 이용하였고, 일사량비와 일조시간비 계산을 위해 위도별에 따른 총일조시간과 월평균일사량을 계산하였다. 잠재증발산량 산정은 Penman-Monteith식을 이용하여 산정하였으며, 식생지수와 밀접한 관계가 있는 LAI를 고려하여 산정하였다.

• Asian Journal of Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.2_3
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• pp.103-112
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• 1993

한국에서의 $C_3$$C_4$CAM 식물의 지리적 분포를 알아보았다. 한국 전체에서 258 군데의 지역에서 모든 초본식물들의 목록을 작성하고 각 식물들의 중요값을 통해 우점종을 결정하였으며 이들 식물의 분류에는 크란츠 해부구조의 존재 관찰을 비롯한 여러가지 방법들을 사용하였다. 이 연구의 결과에 따르면 우리나라의 $C_4$형 초본식물은 총 7개과 92종이었으며 $C_4$식물의 대부분은 화본과 식물이었다. 대한민국에서의 $C_3$와 $C_4$형 초본식물의 분포는 초본식물의 서식지와 관련되어 나타났다. 야외 및 해변의 건조지역에서는 $C_4$형 초본과 조건적 CAM 식물이 주로 서식하고 있는 반면, 습윤 지역에서는 주로 $C_3$형 초본식물이 많이 나타났다. 조사된 총 258개 지역 중에서 잔디가 우점종인 지역은 6개 지역이었다.

• Korean Journal of Ecology and Environment
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• v.47 no.spc
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• pp.74-82
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• 2014

A perennial plant species of Ranunculaceae, Pulsatilla tongkangensis is a very rare species only found in limestone vegetation of South Korea. It is not only rare but also has great value as a horticultural resource, thus resulting in serious problems of overexploitation and habitat disturbance. For the conservation of the rare species and its development as a resource, the study was conducted with the following three aims: first, to investigate any new geographical distribution of the species; second, to identify the site condition and vegetation structure of its habitat; and third, to compare the ecology of P. tongkangensis in other microhabitats such as rock, slope and ridge area. A new distribution was found in limestone vegetation at Danyang-gun, Chungcheongbuk-do. It was, therefore, confirmed that the distribution of P. tongkangensis exactly coincides with the area of distribution of limestone, indicating a possibility that the species might be a calcicole. 87% of the microhabitats found in rocks. Compared to P. tongkangensis, at ridges or slopes, number of P. tongkangensis plants were few in rocks. It is possibly due to the lack of microhabitats that could settle in rocky areas. Once established on rocks, however, plants grew large enough to flower with higher number of leaves and flowers per plant, resulting in higher flowering rate on rocky areas. Cracks in/between rocks are likely to be safe places for the plants with favorable light conditions, abundant fine particles to root down and reduced competition for resources. Yet, further research is necessary in terms of determining whether the species is indeed a calcicole, whether other limiting factors work in its establishment stage, and genetic diversity exists in the population.