• Journal of Space Technology and Applications
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.76-84
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• 2021

Because solar panels of normal satellites are faced to the sun, the power generation by the Earth Albedo is almost neglected in satellite's power analysis. However, many cubesats don't have deployable solar panels and in this case the Earth Albedo is not negligible because solar panels are in six sides facing different directions. In this paper, we calculated satellite's power generation by the Earth Albedo. We divided the Earth's surface into grids based on polar coordinate system. We modeled power generation in each solar cell by reflection on these grids. We simulated 1 U cubesat which flies in sun synchronous orbit and 500 km altitude so that we calculated satellite's power generation by the Earth Albedo.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.2
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• pp.198.1-198.1
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• 2012

저궤도 위성이 발사체에서 분리된 후 탑재 소프트웨어에 의한 초기 동작이 수행되고 나면 초기 운용이 시작된다. 초기 운용 기간에 수행할 모든 절차와 대처 가능한 긴급 상황이 발생할 경우 수행할 절차는 발사 전에 미리 준비된다. 위성의 각 부분의 설계 마진은 최악 조건을 기준으로 반영되어 있기 때문에 발사 이후의 버스 시스템 관점에서의 위성 특성은 요구 사항을 만족하는 범위가 될 것으로 예상이 가능하다. 실제로 발사 후 위성 텔레메트리 분석을 통해 대부분의 항목에서 요구 조건을 만족하는 것으로 확인되었다. 또한 텔레메트리 분석을 통해 설계 단계에서 예상했던 것 보다 정확한 궤도 특성이 반영된 위성 특성을 파악하였다. 이러한 특성은 설계 시 고려했던 상황과 다르더라도 실제 궤도 특성이 반영된 특성이므로 초기 운용 및 정상 운용 시에 정상적인 상황인 것으로 고려해야 한다. 첫째, 지구 알베도 특성에 따라 태양센서 값이 궤도에 따라 변화한다. 위성의 자세가 정확히 태양을 지향하고 있더라도 태양센서에 지구에서 반사된 빛이 입사되어 자세 제어에 영향을 주게 된다. 알베도의 영향은 적도에서 극지방으로 갈수록 커지며, 계절에 따라 다른 특성을 보인다. 알베도의 영향을 최소화하기 위해 자세 제어 모델에 알베도 효과를 고려하거나 알베도 효과를 무시할 수 있을 정도로 자세 제어 오차 한계를 조정할 수 있다. 둘째, 위성의 지구 회피 회전에 의해 태양 전지판의 온도가 궤도에 따라 변화한다. 위성체는 위성체에 장착된 두 개의 별센서의 가시성 확보를 위해 태양 지향 자세에서 요축으로 일정 속도로 회전한다. 남극 부근에서는 두 태양 센서가 모두 지구의 반대편인 남쪽을 지향하도록 하며, 북극 부근에서는 북쪽을 지향하도록 한다. 이 때 두 태양 센서의 방향에 장착된 태양 전지판은 극지방에서 지구 반대편에 위치하므로 다른 태양 전지판에 비해 낮은 온도를 갖게 된다. 이 논문에서는 위성의 궤도 특성에 따른 고려 사항에 대해 설명하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Quaternary Research
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.1-11
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• 2010

Energy Balance Model (EBM) was used to experiment the distribution of surface equilibrium temperature which responds to external forcing associated with the surface characteristics. Surface equilibrium temperature is calculated as sum of incoming solar radiation and latitudinal transport is balanced with outgoing infrared radiation. To treat incoming solar radiation, the source of the earth energy, significantly for energy balance, the experiment for surface equilibrium temperature distribution was performed considering the energy balance with the latitudinal albedo change as well as land and sea distribution. In addition, linear albedo change experiment, arctic albedo 5%, 10%, 15% change experiments and the opposite albedo change experiments between arctic and mid-latitudes were performed using incoming solar radiation as an external forcing. Moreover, with and without ice-albedo feedback experiments were performed. Increasing of arctic albedo is blocked out the incoming solar radiation so that it induces decreasing of latitudinal heat transport. It is strengthened energy transport from low latitudes by keeping arctic low energy states. Therefore the temperature change in the mid-latitudes exhibits larger response than that of arctic due to the difference of transport. The land which has lower heat capacity than sea can be reach to equilibrium temperature shortly. Also land is more sensitive to temperature change with respects to albedo. Thus it induces the thermal difference between land and sea. As a result, the equilibrium temperature exhibits differently as the difference of albedo and heat capacity which are the one of surface characteristics. Surface equilibrium temperature decreases as albedo increase and the ratio of temperature change is large as heat capacity is small. The decreasing of surface equilibrium temperature with respects to increasing of linear albedo is accelerated by ice-albedo feedback. However local change of surface equilibrium temperature decreases non-linearly.

• Proceedings of the Korean Association of Geographic Inforamtion Studies Conference
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• 2010.09a
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• pp.384-386
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• 2010

본 연구의 목적은 도시고온화와 도시열섬 현황을 파악하는데 있어 중요한 역할을 하는 도시 지역의 알베도와 지표면의 토지이용 자료를 이용하여 한반도 행정구역의 알베도 분포를 비교 평가하고자 하는 것이다. 도시 지역의 알베도와 토지이용을 현장조사 할 경우 많은 시간과 비용이 소요되기 때문에, 시간적 경제적인 비용절감효과를 위해 전 지구적으로 변화를 감지할 수 있도록 NASA에서 제공하는 MODIS 위성영상 자료를 사용하여 분석하였으며, 그 결과 서울, 부산, 대구 등 주요 도시를 중심으로 대체적인 알에도 값이 낮게 나타났다. 이는 도시 지역의 인공 환경의 영향으로 인하여 주요 도시 지역이 주변 지역보다 알베도 수치가 낮게 나타났음을 알 수 있고 이러한 알베도 수치는 도시 열환경에 직접적인 영향을 주고 있으며 따라서 도시고온화와 도시열섬 현상을 감소시키기 위하여 도시 내 빌딩 및 도로의 재질개선, 지붕 및 도로 포장, 건물의 외벽을 밝은 색으로 교체 등의 방법으로 지표면 알베도를 높이기 위한 방안 마련이 시급 할 것이다.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.37 no.6_1
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• pp.1767-1772
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• 2021

Global satellite observation surface albedo data over a long period of time are actively used to monitor changes in the global climate and environment, and their utilization and importance are great. Through the generational shift of geostationary satellites COMS (Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite)/MI (Meteorological Imager sensor) and GK-2A (GEO-KOMPSAT-2A)/AMI (Advanced Meteorological Imager sensor), it is possible to continuously secure surface albedo outputs. However, the surface albedo outputs of COMS/MI and GK-2A/AMI differ between outputs due to Differences in retrieval algorithms. Therefore, in order to expand the retrieval period of the surface albedo of COMS/MI and GK-2A/AMI to secure continuous climate change monitoring linkage, the analysis of the two satellite outputs and errors should be preceded. In this study, error characteristics were analyzed by performing comparative analysis with ground observation data AERONET (Aerosol Robotic Network) and other satellite data GLASS (Global Land Surface Satellite) for the overlapping period of COMS/MI and GK-2A/AMI surface albedo data. As a result of error analysis, it was confirmed that the RMSE of COMS/MI was 0.043, higher than the RMSE of GK-2A/AMI, 0.015. In addition, compared to other satellite (GLASS) data, the RMSE of COMS/MI was 0.029, slightly lower than that of GK-2A/AMI 0.038. When understanding these error characteristics and using COMS/MI and GK-2A/AMI's surface albedo data, it will be possible to actively utilize them for long-term climate change monitoring.

• Korean Journal of Remote Sensing
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• v.28 no.5
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• pp.501-508
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• 2012

Albedo is known as a factor that directly impacts on the surface energy balance one of the elements of earth radiation balance. The change of albedo includes the change of soil moisture, vegetation, solar zenith angle, snow, and so on. In addition, it operates as a crucial path to understanding feedback mechanisms between radiation balance and its influence on climate and vegetation dynamics and therefore, observing the variation of albedo is a one of the essential procedures for anticipating climate change. In this study, we used MODIS 16-Day composited Albedo data from 2001 to 2011 years with the purpose of observing the change of albedo over Northeast Asia. According to the tendency of albedo for 11 years, albedo in the area of an active vegetation has increased in near-infrared (NIR) domain and decreased in visible (VIS) domain. On the basis of local changes in vegetation in 2002, the both area of the Gobi Desert and the Manchuria was enormously changed and chosen the research area and furthermore, the vegetation of both regions had deteriorated due to the change of the minimum value since 2010.

• The Bulletin of The Korean Astronomical Society
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• v.37 no.1
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• pp.99.1-99.1
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• 2012

Hapke의 양방향 분포 함수를 균일하게 입힌 실 크기 3차원 달표면 BRDF 모델을 이용한 달의 조도 수치모사 와 Big Bear Solar Observatory(BBSO)의 달빛 조도 관측 결과를 비교하였다. 1999년 9월 5일 UT9:30에서 UT12:30까지 지구상의 $34^{\circ}$ 15'30.04"N $116^{\circ}$ 55'16.49"W 위치에서 계산된 달의 조도가 관측된 조도와 1% 이내의 차이를 보이는 것을 확인하였다. 이후 검증된 달의 BRDF 모델과 램버시안 산란 지구 모델을 이용해 시간별 전 지구 알베도 추이를 광선 추적 수치 모사한 결과와 실제 BBSO에서의 측정결과 간 1% 이내의 차이를 보이는 것을 확인하여, .BRDF 모델과 광선추적 수치모사 기법의 타당성을 검증하였다.

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.39 no.1
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• pp.89-102
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• 2018

We analyzed the meteorological and radiation characteristics of Seoul metropolitan area using data from energy flux towers that were installed and operated by the Weather Information Service Engine (WISE). The meteorological and radiation variables included temperature, pressure, wind speed, wind direction, relative humidity, surface temperature, rainfall amount, upward and downward solar radiation, upward and downward longwave radiation, albedo and emissivity from 14 energy flux stations located in the Seoul metropolitan area from July 2016 to July 2017. According to the monthly data during the period, the albedo is low and emissivity is high at the Jungnang station in the urban and opposite at Bucheon station in the suburban area. For a station in natural state, the albedo was higher than urban stations because solar radiation reflects effectively. Relatively high temperatures were shown at stations located in urban area with low albedo and high emissivity, in general. However, temperature was high at Gajwa and Ttukseom stations, the albedo was relatively high due to the station environment surrounded by glass wall buildings and the Han river. In the station located in suburban area, both emissivity and temperature were low. Among these stations, Bucheon station had the highest emissivity values because the surface temperature was relatively lower than that of the suburban area. As a result, the albedo decreased and the emissivity increased at stations in urban areas. Additionally, Seoul metropolitan area had less than $100Wm^{-2}$ of net radiation, which implied that radiation energy could be absorbed in the atmosphere.

• Proceedings of the Korea Air Pollution Research Association Conference
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• 2000.04a
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• pp.185-186
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• 2000

대기 중에 있는 에어로졸의 농도가 증가하면 직접·간접적으로 지구 복사 평형에 영향을 주어 기후 변화를 유도하게 된다 직접적 효과로는 에어로졸이 지구에 들어오는 태양빛을 산란 및 흡수에 의해 차단하여 지표에 도달하는 태양에너지를 감소시키게 된다. 간접적 효과로는 증가된 에어로졸의 일부가 구름 응결핵으로 작용하여 구름입자의 농도를 증가시키면 구름의 알베도 값이 증가되고 또한 구름의 수명에도 영향을 주어 구름의 량을 증가시키게 되고, 또한 구름의 수명에도 영향을 주어 구름의 량을 증가시키게 되고, 따라서 지구복사 뿐 아니라 물의 순환에도 영향을 미치게 된다. (중략)

• Journal of the Korean earth science society
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• v.36 no.6
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• pp.501-511
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• 2015

This study suggests a method of alleviating global warming by the increase of the Earth surface albedo through Artificial Sea ice Increasing (ASI) over the Available Freezing Areas (AFA). The method is developed based on the fact that the large sea surface area in or near the Arctic and the Antarctic has no ice even though both water and air temperatures are below zero and the artificial sea ice generation is thus available. The mean energy of $0.85Wm^{-2}$, which was suspected of adding to the earth by the global warming effect was calculated to offset at once when the sea ice area about $4.09{\times}10^6km^2$ was additionally increased. In addition, three techniques for producing ice plates on the sea surface (using ships, installation apparatus, and floating matter such as Green Cell Foam) for ASI were proposed. According to the result of simple analysis using the energy balance model, when ASI was maximally operated only for 3 months (September, October, and November) over AFA, it is expected that the annual mean temperature of earth surface would be decreased about $0.11^{\circ}C$ in the following year. On the other hand, in case of generating the artificial sea ice in all four seasons, a risk of triggering snowball earth was detected.