• Journal of the Korean Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.64-75
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• 1999

Objective：The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of comorbid disorders and associated symptoms in pervasive developmental disorder(PDD) and to examine the correlation between associated symptoms and developmental characteristics in PDD children. Method：The sample consisted of 209 cases of PDD and 143 cases of developmental language disorder(DLD)(control group) who were treated at the Seoul National Mental Hospital from Jan. 1996 to Mar. 1999. The diagnostic work based on DSM-IV criteria was performed by one or two child psychiatrists, while the clinical feature was evaluated by doctors’s notes, occupational/speech therapy reports, and results of social maturity scale(SMS), childhood autism rating scale(CARS), and psycho-educational profile(PEP). Two groups were compared on a wide range of measures including comorbid disorders, associated symptoms, treatment drugs, and PEP. The relation between associated symptom & PEP was investigated in total(106 cases) and in each dignostic group. Sixty-four cases of PDD were divided into three groups by CARS and then compared on associated symptoms. Result：The prevalence of comorbid disorder was 19.6% in PDD, 41.2% in DLD. The rate of manifestation of 13 associated symptoms was 31.47% in PDD, 22.13% in DLD on the average. Associated symptoms significantly high in PDD were preoccupation, obsession, self-mutilation, stereotypy, sleep problems, and odd response. In total patient group, associated symptoms that significantly influenced PEP were preoccupation, self-stimulation, stereotypy, inappropriate affect, sleep problems, and odd response. But, in each diagnostic group, no associated symptom influenced PEP. Associated symptoms significantly different between the 3 groups of CARS were stereotypy, anxiety, and sleep problems. Conclusion：These preliminary results suggest that developmental characteristics may influence associated symptoms in PDD children and a realistic approach considering minute diagnosis by associated symptoms and comorbid disorders is required.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.1 no.2
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• pp.163-171
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• 1994

Objectives: Symptoms of sleep apnea consisted of insomnia, excessive sleepiness during daytime, impaired cognitive functions and emotional disturbances. It was not so well known how these symptoms are correlated with various parameters of sleep and respiration, and what kind of psychophysiological processes are involved in development of these symptoms. Methods: In sixty patients with sleep apnea, sleep and respiration were studied by polysomnography of one night, also symptoms of sleep apnea were evaluated with the scales of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, emotional disturbance and cognitive impairment We studied correlations between apnea symptoms, and various parameters of sleep and respiration such as sleep efficiency, number severity of apnea, $O_2$ desaturation and number of snoring. Results: The result showing significant correlations are as follows. The patients with better sleep in insomnia scale showed more number of apnea, particularly more central type, and much more snoring in stage 3 sleep and mild desaturation of $O_2$. Excessive sleepiness during daytime correlated significantly with stage 1 sleep and its snoring, but correlated negatively with stage 2 sleep. However, no significant correlation was found with degree of $O_2$ desaturation. Emotional disturbance was more apparent in the patients with severe $O_2$ desaturation and smaller amounts of stage 4 sleep. Cognitive function was more impaired in cases of more REM sleep and less apnea. Conclusions: Symptoms of sleep apnea may occur through different causes and processes. The evaluation of apnea symptoms may be helpful to understand in some degree the condition of sleep and respiration during sleep in clinical setting.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Laboratory Science
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• v.52 no.4
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• pp.417-424
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• 2020

This study aimed to explore the effects of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), produced by engineered immortalized mesenchymal stem cells (imMSC), on lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a rat model with neurogenic bladder (NB). Forty-eight Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into the following groups: Sham control, LUTS, LUTS+imMSC (treated with immortalized MSC), and LUTS+BDNF-eMSC (treated with BDNF-expressing MSC) groups. LUTS was induced by a crush injury to the major pelvic ganglion (MPG). Bladder function was tested under anesthesia, and bladder tissue strips were collected thereafter for contractility test and western blot analysis. Western blot results showed that the expression of both Angiopoietin 1 (Ang 1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) increased with MSC injection. The effect of treatment with BDNF-eMSC on LUTS was also evaluated, and the results were found to be better than those with imMSC (P<0.05). BDNF-eMSC prevented fibrosis in the bladder tissue and significantly reduced caspase-3 levels. In conclusion, high expression of BDNF in vivo resulted in recovery of bladder function and contractility, along with the inhibition of apoptosis in a rat model.

• Therapeutic Science for Rehabilitation
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• v.11 no.4
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• pp.41-53
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• 2022

Objective : The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the vocational rehabilitation evaluation tool for the mentally disabled. Methods : For literature search, the Pubmed database was used, and for the analysis, the development year, evaluation method, number of items, scale, and evaluation items were analyzed. In the analysis method, each evaluation item was divided into four categories: function, internal factor, environment, and mental symptom, and the evaluation elements of each evaluation tool were identified. Results : When searching Pubmed through search terms, 161 documents were retrieved. According to the selection method, Griffiths Work Behavior Scale (GWBS), Occupational Functioning Scale (OFS), Social and Occupational Functioning Assessment Scale (SOFAS), Work Ability Index (WAI), Work Behavior Inventory (WBI), Work Environment Impact Scale (WEIS), and Work and Social Adjustment Scale (WSAS) were screened. The evaluation items of all evaluation tools included job-related functional evaluation. According to the purpose of each evaluation tool, internal factors, environment, and mental symptoms were measured. Conclusion : Occupational skills are skills in which various functions such as physical, cognitive, social skills, and coping skills act in a complex way. Therefore, it is necessary to include the four factors analyzed in this study: function, internal factors, environment, and psychiatric symptoms.

• Proceedings of the KSCN Conference
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• 2001.05a
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• pp.455.2-456
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• 2001

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.44-49
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• 2004

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate whether longitudinal changes in positive and negative symptoms affect cognitive functioning in chronic schizophrenia. Methods: Sixty-eight patients diagnosed with DSM-IV schizophrenia were examined on two occasions over 6 months for symptoms and cognitive changes. Symptoms were measured by PANSS. Cognitive functions were examined for sustained attention, executive function, concentration and attention, and verbal memory and learning using Degraded Stimulus Continuous Performance Test, Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, Digit Span, and Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test, respectively. Twenty control subjects were assessed to compare the cognitive scores of remitted schizophrenic patients. Results: Patients showed significant improvement in symptoms and all cognitive tests after 6 months treatments. Significant improvements in positive and negative symptoms did not predict improvements in any aspect of cognitive functioning measured. Normal controls performed significantly better than remitted schizophrenic patients on all cognitive tests. The results show no relationship between change in symptoms and change in cognition in chronic schizophrenia. Conclusion: We suggest that symptomatic and cognitive impairment may be a distinct construct. These findings highlight the importance of treating cognitive impairment in addition to the clinical symptoms of schizophrenia.

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.142-148
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• 2023

Objectives : The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationships between premonitory urge, tic severity, and comorbidities in children and adolescents with chronic tic disorders. Methods : In this study, scales for tic symptoms, premonitory urge, obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and ADHD symptoms were repeatedly measured twice in 26 children and adolescents aged 10 to 18 years with chronic tic disorders. Correlations between scales were confirmed through repeated measures correlation analysis, and causal relationships between scales were confirmed through regression analysis using a linear mixed model. Results : The degree of premonitory urges showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms, the severity of obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and the severity of ADHD symptoms. The ADHD symptoms showed a significant positive correlation with the severity of tic symptoms. These results were the same even in children and adolescents with tic disorders who were not diagnosed with obsessive-compulsive disorder. Additionally, premonitory urges were found to have a significant positive effect on the severity of tic symptoms. Conclusions : These results may be helpful in treating tic disorders and can be used in future tic disorder research considering developmental trajectory.

• Proceedings of the Safety Management and Science Conference
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• 2012.11a
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• pp.393-401
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• 2012

본 연구에서의 미용업 종사자의 감정노동, 직무 및 사회심리적 스트레스, 피로도가 근골격계질환에 미치는 직 간접적인 영향을 평가하기 위하여 시도되었다. 그 결과 미용업 종사자의 근골격계질환 자각증사자는 신체부위 중 어깨의 근골격계질환 관련 자각증상자가 가장 많았으며, 목, 허리, 손목, 팔, 발, 무릎 순으로 나타났다. 미용업 종사자의 감정노동 각 문항별 평가 결과는 '나는 기분이 나쁠 때 고객들에게 표현하지 않도록 최선을 다한다'의 문항이 3.92점으로 가장 높게 나타났으며, 이와 반대로 '표현되는 행동과 실제 감정의 차이 때문에 혼란스러울 때가 있다' 2.61점으로 나타났다. 미용업 종사자의 작업 관련 심리적인 요인이 근골격계질환에 미치는 영향에 대하여 근골격계질환자가 무증상자에 비하여 감정노동과 피로도에 영향을 더 많이 받는다는 것으로 나타났으며, 직무 스트레스가 증가할수록 사회심리적 스트레스는 낮아지지만 피로도가 증가하는 것으로 나타났다. 감정노동이 피로도에 미치는 영향에서 직 간접적인 영향이 모두 높은 것으로 나타났으며 직무 스트레스가 피로도를 통해 근골격계질환에 미치는 간접적인 영향이 큰 것으로 나타났다. 본 연구를 통하여 미용 종사자의 작업 관련 물리적 심리적 개선 방안 마련이 요구되면 산업안전보건 분야의 정책적 관리 방안 마련을 제안한다.

• The Journal of the Korean dental association
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• v.26 no.10 s.233
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• pp.898-902
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• 1988

완전히 발육된 하악 제3대구치가 매복되어 있거나 또는 부분적으로 맹출된 상태일때는 임상증상을 일으키기 전에 발치하는 것이 치관주위염이나 이로 인한 합병증 및 치주질환 등을 예방할 수 있느느 가장 좋은 방법이며 이미 임상 증상을 유발한 매복 하악 제 3대구치는 대부분 재발방지를 위하여 발거하게 된다. 성공적인 발치의 기준을 1) 치아의 완전한 발치 2) 인접조직에 대한 최소한의 외과적 손상 3) 술후 합병증의 극소화 4) 가능한한 시술 시간의 단축 등이라 할때 매복 하악제 3대구치의 성공적인 발거를 위하여는 발치의 기본 원칙을 숙지하여야 함은 물론이며 더욱 면밀한 술전 평가와 외과적 발치술 시 필요한 기구의 완비 등이 필수적이라 할 것이다.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Inherited Metabolic disease
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.27-32
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• 2011

최근 유전공학의 발달로 리소좀 축적 질환에서 효소 치료제가 개발되어 실제 치료에 사용되고 있다. 현재 효소 보충 치료가 가능한 리소좀 축적 질환에는 고셔병(Gaucher disease), 파브리병(Fabry disease), 폼페병(Pompe disease), 뮤코다당체침착병(Mucopolysaccharidosis, MPS) 1형, 2형, 6형이 있으며 비교적 안전하면서 증상 완화에도 효과적으로 보인다. 그러나 이미 진행이 된 증상에 대해서는 비가역적이므로 조기에 진단을 하여 치료를 시작하는 것이 중요하다. 효소 보충 치료의 장기간에 걸친 치료 효과에 대해서 지속적인 평가가 필요하며 무엇보다 뼈와 중추신경계에 대한 효과는 제한적이므로 이에 대한 새로운 치료법의 개발이 필요하다.