• School Mathematics
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• v.11 no.1
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• pp.55-70
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• 2009

The purpose of this study is to implement Lakatos method in the teaching and learning of geometry for middle school students. In his landmark book , Lakatos suggested the following instructional approach: an initial conjecture was produced, attempts were made to prove the conjecture, the proofs were repeatedly refuted by counterexamples, and finally more improved conjectures and refined proofs were suggested. In the study, students were selected from the high achieving students who participated in the special mathematics and science program offered by the city council of Seoul. The students were given a contradictory geometric proposition, and expected to find the cause of the fallacy. The students successfully identified the fallacy following the Lakatos method. In this process they also set up a primitive conjecture and this conjecture was justified by the proof and refutation method. Some implications were drawn from the result of the study.

• Communications of Mathematical Education
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.729-750
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• 2002

고대 이후로 수학은 끊임없이 발전되어 왔고, 지금도 발전 지향적인 변화가 이루어지고 있다. 수학을 발전적 관점에서 보는 것은 기존의 수학적 지식을 답습하여 그 기능을 익히는 것보다는 수학을 끊임없이 창조, 발전시키는 대상으로 생각하는 것이다. 수학에서 발전적 학습은 대상을 고정된 것으로 보지 않고, 하나의 결과가 얻어졌더라도 보다 더 나은 방법을 알아본다거나 또는 이를 바탕으로 보다 일반적인, 보다 새로운 것을 발견하려는 것이다. 이러한 발전적 수학학습은 증명과 반박의 과정, What if not, 관점의 변경, 부정에 의한 방법 등을 통해서 이루어 질 수 있다. 본 연구에서는 발전적인 수학학습에 대한 다양한 이론을 고찰하고 특히, 부정을 통한 발전적 학습 전개의 방법 및 과정에 대하여 분석함으로써 발전적 수학학습에 대한 방향을 탐색해 보고자 한다.

• Journal of Educational Research in Mathematics
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.379-398
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• 2011

In learning environment at mathematics education, prove and refute are essential abilities to demonstrate whether and why a statement is true or false. Learning proofs and counter examples within the domain of limit of sequence is important because preservice teacher encounter limit of sequence in many mathematics courses. Recently, a number of studies have showed evidence that pre service and students have problem with mathematical proofs but many research studies have focused on abilities to produce proofs and counter examples in domain of limit of sequence. The aim of this study is to contribute to research on preservice teachers' productions of proofs and counter examples, as participants showed difficulty in writing these proposition. More importantly, the analysis provides insight and understanding into the design of curriculum and instruction that may improve preservice teachers' learning in mathematics courses.

• Education of Primary School Mathematics
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.21-33
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• 2013

In this study, We analyzed the mathematical thinking of sixth grade students showed mathematics lessons through the application of Lakatos' methodology and search for the role of their teachers in this lessons. We supposed to find the solution to the way of teaching-learning regarding the Lakatos' methodology for the elementary school level. According to the stages of presenting a problem situation, suggesting an initial conjecture, examining the conjecture, and improving the conjecture, we had lessons 8 times that are applied to Lakato's methodology. We gathered and analyzed data from lessons and interviews recording videotapes, documents for this study. The participants showed a lot of mathematical thinking. They understood the problem situation with the skill of fundamental thinking and suggested the initial conjecture by the skill of developmental thinking and they found a counter-example to be able to rebut the initial conjecture by critical thinking. Correcting the conjecture not to have counter-example, they drew developmental thinking and made their thinking generalize.