• Korean Journal of Poultry Science
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• v.45 no.3
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• pp.193-200
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• 2018

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the influence and safety of spraying Farm Clean-S (FC-S) containing 70% Chamaecyparis obtusa essential oil on the elimination of red mite in laying hens. In total, 300 laying hens (ISA brown) aged 72 weeks and infected with red mite were assigned to individual cages for five treatments with five replicates for 18 days. Treatments consisted of distilled water (negative control; NC), commercial spray product (positive control; PC), FC-S 0 (original concentration), FC-S 50 (50 times diluted) and FC-S 100 (100 times diluted). The number of red mites, egg production and weight of each group were evaluated daily throughout the whole experimental period. Egg quality and blood biochemical parameters were measured at the end of the experiment. Safety tests were confirmed by feed intake, respiration, lethargy, diarrhea and mortality symptoms after the feeding trial. As the result, more than 80% of red mites were eliminated by the FC-S 0 spray treatment, and FC-S 50 also showed a higher elimination percentage than did PC (P<0.01). However, the elimination effect of the FC-S 100 spray was lower than that of the PC, but higher than that of the NC (P<0.01). These results confirmed that the optimum FC-S dilution rate ranged from 0~50 times with distilled water to eliminate the red mite effectively. The performance, egg quality, blood parameter and safety tests were not significantly different among treatments. Thus, FC-S 0 and FC-S 50 spray treatments can effectively and sustainably control red mite infestations without detrimental effects on the performance, egg quality and plasma biochemical properties of laying hens.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.294-300
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• 1997

As a part of basic investigation for utilizing by-products derived from marine food processing more effectively as a food source, refining of viscera oil of squid caught off Newzealand were investigated. In the process of refining, degumming with 3% of phosphoric acid at $60^{\circ}C$ for 30 min was effective in removing phosphatides, and optimal condition to neutralize was treating with 0.6% excess of 20% sodium hydroxide solution at $80^{\circ}C$ for 20 min. Bleaching was optimized by adding 10% activated clay and treating for $100^{\circ}C$ for 20 min under vacuum, and deodorizing was done by steam destillation at $180^{\circ}C$ for 60 min under 4 torr of vacuum. Acid value, peroxide value and chromaticity of refined squid viscera oil were 0.20, 0.8 meq/kg and 0.019, respectively. The ratio of polyenoic acid composition to saturated acid composition of refined squid viscera oil was 1.28 and its major fatty acids were 16 : 0, 18 : In-9, 20 : 5n-3 and 22 : 6n-3.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 1997

Extraction of valuable light hydrocarbon from atmospheric residue using pentane as a solvent has been carried out. The SIMDIS was used to calculate the true boiling point of atmospheric residue containing complex components before the modeling of the extraction process could by performed. In order to simplify the procedure, modeling was adopted and a lumping method was used, such that a large number of compounds were divided into similar component classes called pseudocomponents. The modeling of the extraction process of the atmospheric residue-pentane system was based on the isothermal flash calculation, and the Peng-Robinson equation of state was used to calculate the fugacity coefficient of vapor and liquid phase during calculation steps of modeling. The agreement between the experiments and the calculations was reasonable considering the uncertainties involved in modeling such complex processes.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.417-422
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• 2011

The low temperature pyrolysis of ABS resin has been carried out in a batch reactor under the atmospheric pressure. The effect of the reaction temperature on the yield of pyrolytic oils has been determined in the present study. The oil products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the petroleum product quality standard of Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The conversion reaches 80% after 60 min at $500^{\circ}C$ in the pyrolysis of ABS resin. The amount of the final product was ranked as gas heavy oil > gasoline > gas oil > kerosen based on the yield. The yields of heavy oil and gas oil increase with an increase in the reaction time and temperature.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.175-180
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• 1992

For the effective utilizing of polyunsaturated lipids in filefish viscera wasted from marine manufactory the conditions of degumming, deacidification, decoloring and deodorization for the processing of refined viscera oil were investigated. In the process of refining degumming with 20$m\ell$ of 4% oxalic acid per 100$m\ell$ of crude filefish viscera oil resulted in the lowest residual phosphorus content as 115.8 ppm and optimal condition to neutralize the filefish viscera oil was treating for 30min at 60$^{\circ}C$ with 0.5% excess of 4M sodium hydroxide solution. Decoloring was optimized by adding 10% bleaching earth and treating for 20min at 60$^{\circ}C$ under vacuum, and deodorizing was done by steam distillation at 180$^{\circ}C$ under 4 torr of vacuum.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.1112-1120
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• 2017

Petroleum products are composed of various types of hydrocarbon compounds. Like other types of liquids, they presented the variation of density and volume according to temperature change. The method of measuring the density of petroleum products in a liquid phase is based on experimental data obtained mainly for each fractionally distilled petroleum product. In this study, the density and volume changes of kerosene and automotive diesel according to temperature change were measured and the property of change were analyzed. The conversion values were calculated using the density volume conversion table proposed by international standard ASTM. In addition, we analyzed the differences between the reference values and the measured values for the temperature changes specified in the domestic metering law.

• Clean Technology
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.109-115
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• 2009

The low temperature pyrolysis of polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP) and polyethylene-polypropylene (PE-PP) mixture in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$ was carried out to investigate the synergy effect of PE-PP mixture. The pyrolysis time was from 20 to 80 mins. The products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the petroleum product quality standard of Korea Institute of Petroleum Quality. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS showed that no new component was detected and no synergy effect was made by mixing of PE and PP. Conversions and yields of PE-PP mixtures were linearly dependent on the mixing ratio of samples.

• Clean Technology
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.26-32
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• 2010

The low temperature pyrolysis of polypropylene (PP), polystyrene (PS) and polypropylene-polystyrene (PP-PS) mixture in a batch reactor at the atmospheric pressure and $450^{\circ}C$ was conducted to investigate the synergy effect of PP-PS mixture on the yield of pyrolytic oil. The pyrolysis time was varied from 20 to 80 mins. The products formed during pyrolysis were classified into gas, gasoline, kerosene, gas oil and heavy oil according to the petroleum product quality standard of Ministry of Knowledge Economy. The analysis of the product oils by GC/MS(Gas chromatography/Mass spectrometry) showed that new components were not detected by mixing of PP and PS. There was no synergy effect according to the mixing of PP and PS. Conversions and yields of PP-PS mixtures were linearly dependent on the mixing ratio of samples except for heavy oil yields. Heavy oil yields showed almost constant regardless of the mixing ratio.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.35 no.3
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• pp.216-222
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• 2016

BACKGROUND: Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are one of the most common environmental contaminants. Because of their recalcitrant properties and long-term toxicity, numerous studies have been performed. The toxicological concerns are focused on endocrinological effects of animal. Several different metabolites have been reported, including hydroxy PCBs, PCB quinones, and methylsulfonyl PCBs from animal tissues. However, details in plants have never been studied. It is well-known that plants can produce phytoalexin in response to chemical, physical, or pathological stress.METHODS AND RESULTS: In this study, the several PCBs and hydroxy derivatives were prepared by chemical syntheses. Their effects on secondary metabolite biosynthesis were determined in carrot roots. The levels of 6-methoxymellein were determined in several different treatments, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. In general, the concentration of 6-methoxymellein reached a maximum at 2 days and gradually decreased to trace level at 5 days in control experiments. However, the effects of PCBs or hydroxy derivatives were highly dependent on compounds. For example, the maximum concentrations of 6-methoxymellein were observed at 3 days for 2-hydroxy/4-hydroxybiphenyl, while 3,3',4,4',5-pentachlorobiphenyl and 3,5-dichloro-2-hydroxybiphenyl showed a rapid accumulation within 1 day, followed by rapid dissipation to undetectable levels.CONCLUSION: Biphenyl derivatives were effective elicitor of 6-methoxymellein accumulation. In general, hydroxybiphenyls (phenols) more efficiently induced phytoalexin biosynthesis than those without hydroxy groups. It can be concluded that PCBs or their possible metabolites could change the plant secondary metabolism.

• Journal of Korean Society of Environmental Engineers
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• v.30 no.1
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• pp.90-96
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• 2008

In order to meet the stringent requirement of sludge disposal and to find ecological alternative, aerobic digestion coupled with alkaline pretreatment was studied. The treated sludge was tested for the potential of liquid fertilizer. In the aerobic digestion, it was obvious that the performance of digester B(fed with the sludge pretreated by NaOH) was better than that of digester A(fed with raw sludge) in terms of COD and SS removal. SS and VSS removal rates in digester B were 66% and 69%, respectively. At 5 days, TSS removal rate reached 47% in the digester B, which was 71% of final TSS removal rate. It revealed that the pretreatment process can shorten the retention time of aerobic digestion. 94.1% of TCOD in the raw sludge was reduced by alkaline pretreatment and aerobic digestion. Final SCOD was in the range of 220$\sim$230 mg/L implying the sludge was stabilized. Nitrification and pH drop were observed in the aerobic digestion. Final nitrate concentrations in digester A and B were 445.4 and 223.1 mg/L and final pH in digester B was 3.0. Biological assays reported that leaf size of cucumber seedling increased with nitrate concentration and sludge to soil ratio. The sludge treated by alkaline and aerobic digestion promoted the growth of seedling leaf and stem remarkably compared to raw sludge. In contrast, the aerobically digested sludge without pretreatment improved leaf growth and inhibited stem growth.