• Journal of the Korean Crystal Growth and Crystal Technology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.231-239
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• 1999

The microstructure of ceramic composite has been found to be governed by the type and amount of the secondary phase, the sintering aid, and the sintering conditions such as sintering temperature, pressure and holing time. Moreover, tribological properties are strongly dependent on microsturcture of composite and operating conditions. In this study, silicon nitride with various amount of magnesia as a sintering aid were prepared and sintered by a hot pressing (HP) technique. Microstructure, mechanical properties (hardness, strength, and fracture toughness), and tribological properties in different environments of $Si_{3}N_{4}$ (in air, water, and paraffine oil) were investigated as a function of MgO content in $Si_{3}N_{4}$. As increasing the amount of MgO in $Si_{3}N_{4}$, the glassy phase in the grain boundaries enlarged the $\beta$-phase elongated grains, and also degraded the Hertzian contact damage resistance. Tribological behaviors in air was seemed to be determined by fracture toughness of $Si_{3}N_{4}$, and those in water and paraffin oil was seemed to be determined by hardness as well as strength. Since glassy grain-boundary phase (MgO) in $Si_{3}N_{4}$ expected to be reacted with water during sliding, such tribochemical reaction reduced wear. In paraffin oil under a higher applied load, the initial sliding dominated wear rate because of Hertzian contact damage.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers Conference
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• 1992.11a
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• pp.19-30
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• 1992

Tribology는 미끄럼 혹은 구름 베어링, 피스톤 링, 기어, 공구, 그밖의 상대적 움직임하에 있는 부품의 설게 및 제조에 관련된다. 또한 tribology는 서로 접촉하는 재료의 적절한 사용, 윤활유 와의 상호작용 이해 및 적절한 선택을 통해 마모와 마찰의 감소 혹은 최적의 마찰 (브레이크, 벨트 등의 경우)을 얻기 위해 연구되는 학문이다. 이러한 연구분야 중의 하나는 재료의 개발과 선택을 통해 목표를 달성하는 것인데 지금까지는 전총적으로 사용되어 오던 금속 재료를 중심으로 하는 연구에 치중하여 왔다. 최근의 tribology 분야는 점차로 극심한 조건과 더 좋은 효율을 요구한다. 한 예로 지금의 엔진 보다 더 고온에서 작동되는 고 효율의 감량의 첨단의 열 엔진의 개발을 들수 있다. 이러한 열 엔진의 사용 목적을 달성하기 위해서는 기존의 금속 재료로는 고온에서 작동되기 너무 약하고 무겁기 때문에 구조용 세라믹스가 고려되고 있는 것이다. 이러한 잠재적인 분야의 응용의 신소재와 이미 산업화된 분야의 대체 재료로 세라믹스는 주목을 받고 있다. 본 란에서는 상기한 변수에 따른 마모 마찰 특성을 구조용 세라믹스를 중심으로 소개하고자 한다.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.36 no.3
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• pp.117-123
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• 2020

In this study, the effect of the pre-mild wear mode test condition on the subsequent severe wear behavior of carbon steel has been investigated when the wear mode is varied according to the sliding speed change during sliding contact. Two sliding speeds of 0.3 m/s and 3 m/s for the mild wear mode test have been chosen and a sliding speed of 1 m/s for the severe wear mode test. A mild wear mode test at two different sliding speeds has been carried out during the severe wear mode test and total sliding distance of the mild wear mode test has been changed at this time. As a result, it could be found that the wear rate of carbon steel under the severe wear mode test after performing a pre-mild wear mode test is significantly reduced, compared with that before performing. However, its wear rate was slightly higher than that under the mild wear mode test. Oxides produced during the pre-mild wear mode test have been found to play a significant role in reducing the wear rate under the subsequent severe wear mode test. In particular, it was found that the effect of a pre-mild wear mode test performed at the sliding speed of 3 m/s has more rapid and the reduction in the wear rate was greater than thst at the sliding speed of 0.3 m/s.

• Tribology and Lubricants
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-45
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• 1985

Ferrograms prepared from off samples collected during testing in the transition region were originally diluted at 20:1. To obtain some information about the effect of dilution on the analysis procedures, a series of measurements were made on ferrograms prepared to different dilutions in the range 6 to 30:1 from oil samples collected after testing in the four ball machine at the 51 kg and 55 kg load, respectively, Fig. 1. The variations in area covered, perimeter, intercept and particle count were then plotted as a function of dilution level and appropriate mathematical expressions established such that the results obtained at any dilution level specified within the range can then be corrected back to an equivalent undiluted value. The effect of dilution on the variance of the particle size distribution was also investigated. The main results are tabulated, Tables 1-5 and also plotted as a function of dilution, level Figs. 2-9.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2012.08a
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• pp.228-228
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• 2012

인공관절은 노인성 질환이나 자가 면역질환, 신체적인 외상 등으로 인하여 발생하는 관절의 손상 부위를 대체하기 위하여 고안된 관절의 인공 대용물이다. 인공 관절 중 인공 고관절의 경우 관절 운동을 하는 라이너(Liner)와 헤드(Head) 부분이 마모에 관여하여 인공관절의 수명에 영향을 미치게 되는데, 헤드 소재로서는 Co-Cr-Mo 합금이, 라이너 소재로서는 고분자 소재인 UHMWPE (Ultra High Molecular Weight Polyethylene)가 주로 사용되고 있다. 이러한 MOP (Metal-On-Polymer) 구조의 인공관절의 경우, 충격흡수의 장점이 있는 반면, 관절 운동시 발생하는 UHMWPE의 wear debris에 의한 골용해로 인하여 관절이 느슨해지는 문제점이 발생하여 재시술을 필요로 하게 된다. 또한 메탈 헤드의 마모로 인한 금속이온의 용출은 세포 독성의 문제를 야기하여 인공관절의 수명을 낮추는 또 하나의 요인이 되고 있다. 이러한 문제점들을 해결 하기 위하여, 본 연구에서는 PIII&D (Plasma Immersion Ion Implantation & Deposition)공정을 이용하여 Co-Cr-Mo 합금 소재 위에 niobium nitride (NbN) 박막을 증착하여 상대재인 UHMWPE의 마모를 줄이고자 하는 연구를 진행하였다. 마모량의 감소를 위하여, 박막을 증착하기 전에 Co-Cr-Mo 합금 위에 질소를 이온주입 하는 pre-ion implantation 공정을 도입하였으며, Co-Cr-Mo 합금과 NbN박막 사이의 접착력을 증가시키기 위하여 박막의 증착 초기에 이온주입과 증착을 동시에 수행하는 dynamic ion mixing공정을 수행하였다. 실험 결과 pre-ion implantation 공정을 도입한 경우 현재 상용화 되어있는 Co-Cr-Mo 합금에 비하여 마모량을 2배 이상 감소시키는 것을 확인 할 수 있었으며, dynamic ion mixing 공정을 도입한 경우 장시간의 마모 시험에서도 UHMWPE의 마모량을 2배 가까이 줄일 수 있었다.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.13 no.2
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• pp.151-157
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the toothbrush bristles' wear index and wear rate used by preschool children to provide information on the establishment of criteria for toothbrush replacement cycle for preschool children. One thousand twenty-two toothbrushes were collected from September 20 to November 16, 2012 was analyzed. The findings of the study were as follows: 1. As a result of analyzing the toothbrush wear index, 48.5% of the collected toothbrushes was above 0.400, and the average wear index was $0.421{\pm}0.239$. 2. As a result of analyzing the wear rate of the toothbrushes, score 2 and 3 accounted for 70.4%, and the average wear rate stood at $1.936{\pm}0.848$. 3. As a result of analyzing the state of toothbrush management, the most common average toothbrush replacement cycle was one or two months (63.9%). Concerning the method of toothbrush replacement, the largest group (52.7%) replied they changed toothbrushes based on the abrasivity of toothbrush bristles, and 16.7 percent did that at the request of parents. Given the above-mentioned findings of the study, preschool teachers and parents should be educated to ensure the successful management of preschool children toothbrushes. In addition, it's required to set evident criteria for the right toothbrush replacement cycle for preschool children, and how to provide oral health education in an efficient way should be considered as well.

• Journal of the Korean Recycled Construction Resources Institute
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.196-205
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• 2024

In this study, sample collection and quantification analysis of Tire and Road Wear Particles (TRWP) from the road surface were conducted to predict the amount of TRWP generated on the road surface moving by environmental compartment depending on rainfall intensity. Samples were collected from TRWP remaining on the road surface two days after the 3 days average rainfall (0-60 mm/day) occurred and the road surface was completely dry. Only TRWP were separated from the collected samples through size and density separation, and the difference in the content of TRWP remaining on the road surface after rainfall was based on the value of 60.2 g o f TRWP o n a day witho ut rain (0 mm/day). By calculating, it was co nfirmed that 0-49.4 g o f TRWP can mo ve to the environmental compartment depending on the intensity of rainfall. In addition, it was confirmed that when the rainfall intensity was 60 mm/day, the amount of TRWP moving to each environmental section was 3.75 times higher compared to 5 mm/day, and using the results of previous research, the total amount of TRWP that can be transported to the environmental compartment by rainfall from the domestic road environment annually is 9,592 tons, and 288 tons of this can be affected by marine microplastics. However, this study has limitations in terms of limited space and predicted results, but it would like to mention the need to improve the domestic road environment and sewage treatment system to reduce TRWP. In the future, we plan to conduct sample collection and concentration analysis studies of TRWP in real environmental compartments to verify the results of this study.

• Transactions of the Korean Society for Noise and Vibration Engineering
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• v.14 no.4
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• pp.327-335
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• 2004

This study investigates the safety assessment of the potential for fretting-wear damages caused by foreign object in operating nuclear power plants. To get the natural frequency, corresponding mode shape and participation factor, modal analyses are performed for the helical type tubes with various conditions. The wear rate of helical type tube caused by foreign object is calculated using the Archard formula and the remaining life of the tube is predicted, and discussed in this study is the effect of the vibration of the tube on the remaining life of the tube. In addition, addressed is the effect of the external pressure on the vibration and fretting-wear characteristics of the tube.

• Journal of Korean Tunnelling and Underground Space Association
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.39-58
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• 2024

Tunnel Boring Machines (TBM) use multiple disc cutters to excavate tunnels through rock. These cutters wear out due to continuous contact and friction with the rock, leading to decreased cutting efficiency and reduced excavation performance. The rock's abrasivity significantly affects cutter wear, with highly abrasive rocks causing more wear and reducing the cutter's lifespan. The Cerchar Abrasivity Index (CAI) is a key indicator for assessing rock abrasivity, essential for predicting disc cutter life and performance. This study aims to develop a new method for effectively estimating CAI using rock strength, petrological characteristics, linear regression, and machine learning. A database including CAI, uniaxial compressive strength, Brazilian tensile strength, and equivalent quartz content was created, with additional derived variables. Variables for multiple linear regression were selected considering statistical significance and multicollinearity, while machine learning model inputs were chosen based on variable importance. Among the machine learning prediction models, the Gradient Boosting model showed the highest predictive performance. Finally, the predictive performance of the multiple linear regression analysis and the Gradient Boosting model derived in this study were compared with the CAI prediction models of previous studies to validate the results of this research.

• Journal of Dental Rehabilitation and Applied Science
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.154-162
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• 2017

Tooth wear, one of the physiological changes in the elderly patient's mouth, generally does not require treatment, but requires prosthodontic restoration when occlusal disharmony, poor masticatory function, pulp exposure occurs. One of the primary considerations in prosthodontic restoration for tooth wear is vertical dimension. It is necessary to make an accurate diagnosis and analysis, correct judgement of the interdental relationship for predictive treatment plan. A step-by-step approach considering dental care for aged is also required. In this case, a 93-year-old male patient presented with worn dentition and mobility of existing fixed dental prosthesis. After diagnosis and evaluation, maxillary rehabilitation without any change in the occlusal vertical dimension was performed and this shows satisfactory results both functionally and morphologically.