• Title/Summary/Keyword: 중금속 분석

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A Strategy for the Risk Assessment of Abandoned Mine Filler Materials (비산재가 포함된 폐광산 채움재의 위해성 평가 전략)

  • Ji, Sangwoo;Jo, Hwanju;Shin, Hee-young;Lee, Sang-hun;Ahn, Ji-Whan
    • Resources Recycling
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    • v.28 no.4
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    • pp.59-64
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    • 2019
  • This study suggests a conceptual strategy and methodology for the risk assessment of the domestic abandoned mine fillers with fly ash. The fillers are composed of coal fly ash and solidification materials, and contain little toxic substances such as carbonates but also some heavy metals; therefore, those requires a risk assessment. The risk assessment should primarily focus on estimation of the effects to human health both on carcinogen and non-carcinogen aspects. The significant data such as toxicity and partition coefficients can be obtained from the national soil or mine environmental risk assessment guidelines. Accurate risk assessment of heavy metal contamination in the fillers may consume lots of time and efforts through site survey and instrumental analyses, etc. Moreover, it is inefficient to explore all of the factors as concentrations and categories in every heavy metal in the fillers, due to a high variety and complexity. Therefore, implementation of a preliminary risk assessment is suggested by using the literature data and the basic characteristics of the filler samples prior to the detailed risk assessment. Certainly, this presumes a thorough understanding of reliable sample analysis methods, exposure pathways, and relevant physicochemical and biological mechanisms.

The Content of Heavy Metals in Herbal Pills Used as General Processed Food and Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal Intakes (유통 환(丸)제품의 중금속 함량 및 위해성 평가)

  • Kim, Sung-Dan;Jung, Sun-Ok;Kim, Bog-Soon;Yun, Eun-Sun;Chang, Min-Su;Park, Young-Ae;Lee, Young-Chul;Chae, Young-Zoo;Kim, Min-Young
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.39 no.7
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    • pp.1038-1048
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    • 2010
  • The purpose of this study was to investigate some heavy metals (Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg) in 52 commercial herbal pills used as general processed food, to identify weekly heavy metal intakes from herbal pills and to evaluate their potential health risks. The samples were digested with a microwave and determinations of heavy metal residues were carried out by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) and mercury analyzer. The mean values of heavy metal contents for herbal pills used as general processed food were Pb 0.421 (0.032~1.630), Cd 0.157 (0.011~0.515), Cr 1.033 (0.112~9.933), Cu 6.923 (1.333~16.755), Hg 0.010 (0.001~0.088) mg/kg. Lead contents of herba and cadmium of algae, herba were high (ANOVA-test, p<0.05). Levels of cadmium concentrations exceeding WHO reference values (0.3 mg/kg) were observed in 10 samples (4 species). The significant correlation was observed between Pb and Cd (r=0.633, p<0.01). The weekly intakes of Pb, Cd, Cr, Cu, Hg from herbal pills were 1.112 (0.072~5.088), 1.614 (0.029~9.257), 3.000 (0.252~23.690), 0.182 (0.008~1.235), 0.220 (0.000~0.420)%, respectively, as compared with the Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intake (PTWI) established by Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee for food safety evaluation. Our data suggest regulations limiting heavy metals in herbal pills used as general processed food.

Heavy Metal Contamination around the Abandoned Au-Ag and Base Metal Mine Sites in Korea (국내 전형적 금은 및 비(base)금속 폐광산지역의 중금속 오염특성)

  • Chon Hyo-Taek;Ahn Joo Sung;Jung Myung Chae
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.38 no.2 s.171
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    • pp.101-111
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    • 2005
  • The objectives of this study we to assess the extent and degree of environmental contamination and to draw general conclusions on the fate of toxic elements derived from mining activities in Korea. 인t abandoned mines with four base-metal mines and four Au-Ag mines were selected and the results of environmental surveys in those areas were discussed. In the base-metal mining areas, the Sambo Pb-Zn-barite, the Shinyemi Pb-Zn-Fe, the Geodo Cu-Fe and the Shiheung Cu-Pb-Zn mine, significant levels of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found in mine dump soils developed over mine waste materials, tailings and slag. Furthermore, agricultural soils, stream sediments and stream water near the mines were severely contaminated by the metals mainly due to the continuing dispersion downstream and downslope from the sites, which was controlled by the feature of geography, prevailing wind directions and the distance from the mine. In e Au-Ag mining areas, the Kubong, the Samkwang, the Keumwang and the Kilkok mines, elevated levels of As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn were found in tailings and mine dump soils. These levels may have caused increased concentrations of those elements in stream sediments and waters due to direct dis-charge downstream from tailings and mine dumps. In the Au-Ag mines, As would be the most characteristic contaminant in the nearby environment. Arsenic and heavy metals were found to be mainly associated with sulfide gangue minerals, and mobility of these metals would be enhanced by the effect of oxidation. According to sequential extraction of metals in soils, most heavy metals were identified as non-residual chemical forms, and those are very susceptible to the change of ambient conditions of a nearby environment. As application of pollution index (PI), giving data on multi-element contamination in soils, over 1.0 value of the PI was found in soils sampled at and around the mining areas.

Influence of Fly Ash Application on Content of Heavy Metals in the Soil -III. Content Change in the Rice and Soybean by the Application Rate (석탄회(石炭灰) 시용(施用)이 토양중(土壤中) 중금속(重金屬) 함량(含量)에 미치는 영향(影響) -III. 쌀과 콩중(中)의 중금속(重金屬) 함량변화(含量變化))

  • Kim, Bok-Young;Jung, Goo-Bok;Lim, Sun-Uk;Park, Jong-Hyun
    • Korean Journal of Soil Science and Fertilizer
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    • v.27 no.3
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    • pp.220-225
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    • 1994
  • This study was conducted to investigate the influence of treatment of fly ash on heavy metal contents in the grain. Rice was cultivated on the two types of paddy field, clay loam and sandy loam soil, with 0, 4, 8, 12t/10a of anthracite fly ash and bituminous coal fly ash, respectively. And soybean was cultivated on the same types of upland field with those of 0, 3, 6, 9t/10a, respectively. Also. rice and soybean were cultivated the same types of paddy and upland field with those ashes of 0, 12ton/10a and 0, 9ton/10a, yearly for three years. At the harvest time, the heavy metal contents in rice and soybean were Investigated. The results were summarized as follows : 1. Amount of application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay loam soil. Cr and Ni increased sandy loam soil with the application of anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Zn in rice increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash. 3) The contents of Cu in soybean increased with the application of anthracite and bituminous coal fly ash, but Zn, Pb, Cr and Ni increased only with the bituminous. 2. Successive application. 1) The contents of Cd in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, however Cu, Zn, Ni, Cr and Fe increased only in sandy loam soil with the anthracite fly ash. 2) The contents of Cr in soybean were increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but Cu, Fe increased only sandy loam soil with anthracite fly ash. 3) The contents of Cd, Zn, and Cr in brown rice increased in the clay and sandy loam soil, but those of Cu, Mn increased only in the sandy loam soil with application of bituminous. 4) The contents of Cd, Pb, and Cr in soybean increased in the sandy loam soil with the application of bituminous coal fly ash.

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Distribution of Heavy metals in Soil at Iksan 1st Industrial Complex Area (익산 제 1 공단 토양의 중금속 함량 분포 조사)

  • Kim, Seong-Jo;Baek, Seung-Hwa;Moon, Kwang-Hyun;Jang, Kwang-Ho;Kim, Su-Jin
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.17 no.1
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    • pp.48-53
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    • 1998
  • The purpose of this study was to compare heavy metal concentrations in uncontaminated soil with those in soil influenced by industrial activities, and to investigate the relationship between change of heavy metal content and the kind of industry at the Iksan 1st Industrial Complex that has started since 1975. Soils sampled in 0-3㎝ and 3-6㎝ soil depth, respectively were analized for content of Cd, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. Change of heavy metal content in soil of the industrial complex were more accumulated 16 to 25% of Cd and Cu, 93% of Pb and Zn, respectively in samples compared with natural soil uncontaminated. But there was no different in Ni content between two soil. Distribution of Cd in soil layer of 0 to 3cm was the highest concentration of 5 ppm more at the textile industries, and then higher at the chemicals and the food processing industries. In 3 to 6㎝ soil layer Cd content was the highest concentration of 5 ppm more at the metal processing industries, and then higher at the textile industries. Cd accumulation in soil was different according to a kind of industry and soil depth. Cu content was the highest value of 400 ppm more in soil layer of 0 to 3cm at the manufacturing electric wires industry area and showed the accumulation phenomenon in soil layer 3 to 6cm at the ohmmeter, machines and electric wires industry area. Ni content was 35 ppm more in soil of the metal plating and processing industries regardless of soil sampling layer. Then it was 25 ppm more in soil of the building stones and semiconductor industries. Pb content was from 400 to 1000 ppm in soil of the chemicals and textiles industries regardless of soil sampling layer. Zn content was 1200 ppm more in soil of the chemicals and silk fabrics industries regardless of soil depth, and then lower in order to soil of leather processing${\le}$metal plating industries. In conclusion, changes of heavy metal kinds and content in soil of this industrial complex area were caused by the type or kinds of industrial activities. Changes of Pb and Zn content in soil were dominated at this area.

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Hydrogeochemical Characteristics and Contamination of Dissolved Major ions and Heavy Metals in Waters and Sediments from the Tancheon River (탄천의 하상퇴적물과 하천수내 주요 용존 이온과 중금속의 수리지구화학적 특성과 오염)

  • 이성은;김규한;이진수;전효택
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.35 no.1
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    • pp.25-41
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    • 2002
  • In order to investigate the hydrogeochemical characteristics and contamination of dissolved major ions and heavy metals in the Tancheon River, river water and sediment samples were collected at 18 locations, along a distance of 69 km, between Yongin-si in Kyunggi-do and Samsung-dong in Seoul on October in 2000 and April in 2001. After appropriate sample preparation, waters were analyzed for the dissolved constituents and sediments. The pH values of river waters were in the range of 7.0 to 9.3 and could be plotted in the area of surface environment. The level of $Ca^{2+}$, , CI-, sol-, N0$_{3}$ and HC0$_{3}$ in the Tancheon River were higher than those in world average river water. Most of dissolved constituents in the river waters increased toward downstream from upstream. In particular, high concentrations of Zn2+, Na$_{+}$, CI$^{-}$, SO$_{4}^{2-}$ and N03- were found near densely residential areas and the Sungnam waste water treatment plant. The relative ion enrichment was caused by the inflow of local domestic and industrial sewages. Also, Ca2+ and HC03- concentrations were enriched in the middle of the Tancheon River due to the dissolution of cements. This indicates that the apartment complexes were built on a large scale in the upriver since these ten years and large amounts of construction materials such as cements were flowed into the Tancheon River. Concentrations of heavy metals (Mn, Cd, Cu, Pb, Zn) in sediments from the Tancheon River exceeded the lower limit of tolerence level in bottom sediment established by the Ontario Ministry of the Environment (OME) of Canada. In particular, these metals were highly elevated in sediment (TSM-12) collected from near the Sungnam waste water treatment plant. Heavy metals were higher enriched in sediments collected from dry period rather than wet period.

Uptake and Translocation of Heavy Metals to Rice Plant on Paddy Soils in "Top-Rice" Cultivation Areas (탑라이스 생산지역 논 토양 중 잔류중금속의 벼 흡수이행)

  • Park, Sang-Won;Yang, Ju-Seok;Ryu, Seung-Won;Kim, Dae-Yeon;Shin, Joung-Du;Kim, Won-Il;Choi, Ju-Hyeon;Kim, Sun-Lim;Saint, Andrew Flynn
    • Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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    • v.28 no.2
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    • pp.131-138
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    • 2009
  • Heavy metal residues in soil, rice straw, unhulled rice, rice hull, polished rice, and rice barn on the rice paddy in the "Top rice production complex which is non-contaminated area were evaluated. It was observed that the average concentrations of As, Cd, Cu, Pb, and Hg in the paddy soils were 1.235, 0.094, 4.412, 4.728 and 0.0279 mg/kg, respectively. There were no cultivation areas exceeded of the threshold for soil contamination designated by "The Soil Environment Conservation Law" in Korea. For the polished rice, there were no samples exceeded of a permissible level of heavy metal residues such as 0.051 mg/kg of As, 0.040 mg/kg of Cd, 0.345 mg/kg of Cu, 0.065 mg/kg of Pb and 0.0015 mg/kg of Hg. For the uptake and translocation of heavy metals to rice plant, a main part of heavy metal accumulation was rice straw, and then rice bran. Furthermore, it shown that accumulation of heavy metals in unhulled rice, rice hulls, brown rice, and polished rice was approximately similar as low. The slopes of translocation of heavy metals from soil to polished rice were following order as Cd, 0.4321 > Cu, 0.054 ${\fallingdotseq}$ Hg, 0.052 > As, 0.021 > Pb, 0.008. It was observed that potential ability of Cd uptake in rice plant and then its translocation into polished rice was very high. Concentrations of copper and mercury absorbed in the rice plant were moderate for translocating into the polished rice, while the arsenic and lead in the plant were scarcely translocated into the polished rice. The distribution of heavy metals absorbed and translocated into aboveground parts of rice plant was appeared that there were remained at 63.3-93.4% in rice straw, 6.6-36.9% in unhulled rice, 0.6-5.7% in rice hulls, 3.2-31.3% in brown rice, 0.8-4.6% in rice bran and 1.1-26.7% in polished rice. The accumulation ratio of Cd in the aboveground parts of rice plant was remained at 26.7-31.3% in brown and polished rice.

Contents of Heavy Metals in Fishes from the Korean Coasts (한국 연안산 어류의 중금속 함량)

  • Mok, Jong-Soo;Shim, Kil-Bo;Cho, Mi-Ra;Lee, Tae-Seek;Kim, Ji-Hoe
    • Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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    • v.38 no.4
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    • pp.517-524
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    • 2009
  • We collected 177 fishes representing 53 species of fish from the eastern (Pohang), western (Gunsan), and southern (Tongyeong) coasts of Korea, and measured their heavy metal contents. The mean recoveries of the heavy metals extracted from cod muscle (certified reference material, CRM) were $88.7{\sim}100.6%$. The mean levels of the heavy metals in the samples taken from the edible portion of each fish were high in the order of Zn ($8.981{\pm}4.835{\mu}g/g$), Cu ($0.755{\pm}0.507{\mu}g/g$), and Mn ($0.433{\pm}0.699{\mu}g/g$), which are necessary metals in the human body, and then followed by Cr ($0.206{\pm}0.181{\mu}g/g$), Ni ($0.081{\pm}0.110{\mu}g/g$), Pb ($0.038{\pm}0.046{\mu}g/g$), Cd ($0.017{\pm}0.023{\mu}g/g$). The average daily intakes of the heavy metals by the fishes were as follows: Cd (0.81 ${\mu}g$), Cr (9.98 ${\mu}g$), Cu (36.63 ${\mu}g$), Mn (21.01 ${\mu}g$), Ni (3.93 ${\mu}g$), Pb (1.84 ${\mu}g$) and Zn (435.58 ${\mu}g$). The average weekly intakes of Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn by the fishes were 1.35%, 0.12%, 0.86%, and 0.73% respectively, as compared with PTWI (Provisional Tolerable Weekly Intakes) established by FAO/WHO Expert Committee for Food Safety Evaluation.

Study on the Mechanism of Manifestation of Ecological Toxicity in Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil Using the Sensing System of Earthworm Movement (지렁이 움직임 감지 시스템을 이용한 중금속 오염 토양의 생태독성 발현 메커니즘에 대한 연구)

  • Lee, Woo-Chun;Lee, Sang-Hun;Jeon, Ji-Hun;Lee, Sang-Woo;Kim, Soon-Oh
    • Economic and Environmental Geology
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    • v.54 no.3
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    • pp.399-408
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    • 2021
  • Natural soil was artificially contaminated with heavy metals (Cd, Pb, and Zn), and the movement of earthworm was characterized in real time using the ViSSET system composed of vibration sensor and the other components. The manifestation mechanism of ecological toxicity of heavy metals was interpreted based on the accumulative frequency of earthworm movement obtained from the real-time monitoring as well as the conventional indices of earthworm behavior, such as the change in body weight before and after tests and biocumulative concentrations of each contaminant. The results showed the difference in the earthworm movement according to the species of heavy metal contaminants. In the case of Cd, the earthworm movement was decreased with increasing its concentration and then tended to be increased. The activity of earthworm was severely increased with increasing Pb concentration, but the movement of earthworm was gradually decreased with increasing Zn concentration. The body weight of earthworm was proved to be greatly decreased in the Zn-contaminated soil, but it was similarly decreased in Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. The bioaccumulation factor (BAF) was higher in the sequence of Cd > Zn > Pb, and particularly the biocumulative concentration of Pb did not show a clear tendency according to the Pb concentrations in soil. It was speculated that Cd is accumulated as a metallothionein-bound form in the interior of earthworm for a long time. In particular, Cd has a bad influence on the earthworm through the critical effect at its higher concentrations. Pb was likely to reveal its ecotoxicity via skin irritation or injury of sensory organs rather than ingestion pathway. The ecotoxicity of Zn seemed to be manifested by damaging the cell membranes of digestive organs or inordinately activating metabolism. Based on the results of real-time monitoring of earthworm movement, the half maximal effective concentration (EC50) of Pb was estimated to be 751.2 mg/kg, and it was similar to previously-reported ones. The study confirmed that if the conventional indices of earthworm behavior are combined with the results of newly-proposed method, the mechanism of toxicity manifestation of heavy metal contaminants in soils is more clearly interpreted.

Heavy Metal Concentrations of Some Game Species Captured in Kyeongsangnam-do, Korea (경남지역(慶南地域)에 서식(棲息)하는 수렵조수류(狩獵鳥獸類)의 중금속(重金屬) 축적(蓄積))

  • Choi, Jai Sik;Jung, Wee Hyun;Youn, Ki Sick;Lee, Doo Pyo
    • Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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    • v.83 no.1
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    • pp.6-11
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    • 1994
  • Three different types of tissue taken from three game birds such as Ring-necked Pheasant, Rufous Turtle Dove, Mallard and a mammal, Korean Water Deer were analyzed for five heavy metals such as iron, zinc, copper, lead and cadmium. The main purpose of this study was to make clear the background levels of the metal concentrations in the tissues of these game species. The metal levels were generally low and could be considered as the background levels. But some markedly high levels of lead were recorded in the muscles of birds shot by the shotgun. The implications of these results were discussed with respect to the health of people.

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