• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.20 no.4
• /
• pp.811-818
• /
• 2016

A continuous fine-tuning phase locked loop with an additional negative feedback loop has been proposed. When the phase locked loop is out-of-lock, the phase locked loop has a fast locking characteristic using the continuous band-selection loop. When the phase locked loop is near in-lock, the bandwidth is narrowed with the fine loop. The additional negative feedback loop consists of a voltage controlled oscillator, a frequency voltage converter and its internal loop filter. It serves a negative feedback function to the main phase locked loop, and improves the phase noise characteristics and the stability of the proposed phase locked loop. The additional negative feedback loop makes the continuous fine-tuning loop work stably without any voltage fluctuation in the loop filter. Measurement results of the fabricated phase locked loop in $0.18{\mu}m$ CMOS process show that the phase noise is -109.6dBc/Hz at 2MHz offset from 742.8MHz carrier frequency.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.19 no.2
• /
• pp.250-256
• /
• 2008

In this paper, an X-band oscillator is presented using a new miniaturized microstrip hairpin resonator. The newly designed hairpin resonator on the microstrip line employs the spiral structure, which shows a higher loaded quality factor and the 50 % reduced circuit area compared to the conventional one at 9.2 GHz. The oscillator using proposed resonator shows the output power of 10.87 dBm, the second harmonic suppression of 41.99 dBc, and the phase noise performance of -101.49 dBc/Hz at 100 kHz offset, which is better than the conventional resonator oscillator by 6.17 dB.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.47 no.12
• /
• pp.78-83
• /
• 2010

In this paper, a novel dual-band power amplifier using metamaterials has been realized with one RF GaN HEMT diffusion metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor. The CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band tuning capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. We have managed only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL in dual-band. Also, the proposed power amplifier has been realized by using the harmonic control circuit for not only the output matching network, but also the input matching network for better efficiency. Two operating frequencies are chosen at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz in this work. The measured results show that the output power of 39.83 dBm and 35.17 dBm was obtained at 900 MHz and 2140 MHz, respectively. At this point, we have obtained the power-added efficiency (PAE) and IMD of 60.2 %, -23.17dBc and 67.3 %, -25.67dBc at two operation frequencies, respectively.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.48 no.11
• /
• pp.1-8
• /
• 2011

In this paper, we study receiver design issue to apply the OFDM based WLAN specification, such as 802.11p, to the communications in high speed mobile environment, e.g., for the ICT based railroad control on a train having its speed up to 300 km/hr. To successfully apply the existing WLAN specifications without modifying its transmission format, the performance at the receiver will solely depends on the channel estimation performance if we ignore the affect of frequency offset With a speed of multiple hundred km/hr, the channel estimation using only the preamble will not provide enough precision since the channel changes so fast. Therefore, in this paper, taking the high mobility into account, we focus on the design of decision directed channel estimation and equalization techniques and perform simulations to evaluate and compare their performances and to finally confirm the applicability of the existing WLAN specification to the systems with very high mobility.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
• /
• v.19 no.10
• /
• pp.1137-1146
• /
• 2008

OFDM is very effective for the high speed communication system. However, OFDM has the problems of high PAPR and serious ICI, which is different from the single carrier system. Especially, ICI problem caused by phase noise, Doppler effect and frequency offset is main reason for poor performance since it breaks down the orthogonality between subcarriers in OFDM communication system. Therefore, WFMT modulation scheme is studied and the effect of the carrier frequency offset and phase noise is analyzed. WFMT modulation scheme is based on the wavelet theory and complex filter banks for synthesis and analysis of multichannel signal. WFHT modulation scheme keeps on the advantage of filter banks system and can be easily possible for the implementation of filter banks. In this paper, we compare ISI and ICI distortions of the WFMT and OFDM system due to the carrier frequency offset and phase noise. Also, we analyze the PAPR and BER performances in the HPA and ICI situation caused by the Doppler frequency shift and the frequency offset.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information and Communication Engineering
• /
• v.18 no.7
• /
• pp.1652-1656
• /
• 2014

In this work, we demonstrated a 77 GHz waveguide VCO with transition from WR-12 to WR-10 for anti-collision radar applications. The fabricated waveguide VCO consists of a GaAs-based Gunn diode, a varactor diode, a waveguide transition, and two bias posts for operating as a LPF and a resonator. The cavity is designed for fundamental mode at 38.5 GHz and operated at second hormonic of 77 GHz. The waveguide transition has a 1.86 dB of insertion loss and -30.22 dB of S11 at the center frequency of 77 GHz. The fabricated VCO achieves an oscillation bandwidth of 870 MHz. Output power is from 12.0 to 13.75 dBm and phase noise is -100.78 dBc/Hz at 1 MHz offset frequency from the carrier.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
• /
• v.45 no.12
• /
• pp.7-12
• /
• 2008

In this paper, a highly efficiency power amplifier is presented for multi-band antenna system. The class F power amplifier operating in dual-band designed with one LDMOSFET. An operating frequency of power amplifier is 900 MHz and 2.14 GHz respectively Matching networks and harmonic control circuits of amplifier are designed by using the unit cell of composite right/left-handed(CRLH) transmission line(TL) realized with lumped elements. The CRLH TL can lead to metamaterial transmission line with the dual-band holing capability. The dual-band operation of the CRLH TL is achieved by the frequency offset and the nonlinear phase slope of the CRLH TL for the matching network of the power amplifier. Because the control of all harmonic components for high efficiency is very difficult, we have controled only the second- and third-harmonics to obtain the high efficiency with the CRLH TL. Also, the proposed power amplifier has been realized by using the harmonic control circuit for not only the output matching network, but also the input matching network for better efficiency.

• Journal of IKEEE
• /
• v.23 no.3
• /
• pp.800-804
• /
• 2019

This paper presents a dual-loop sub-sampling digital PLL for a 2.4 GHz IoT applications. The PLL initially performs a divider-based coarse lock and switches to a divider-less fine sub-sampling lock. It achieves a low in-band phase noise performance by enabling the use of a high resolution time-to-digital converter (TDC) and a digital-to-time converter (DTC) in a selected timing range. To remove the difference between the phase offsets of the coarse and fine loops, a phase offset calibration scheme is proposed. The phase offset of the fine loop is estimated during the coarse lock and reflected in the coarse lock process, resulting in a smooth transition to the fine lock with a stable fast settling. The proposed digital PLL is designed by SystemVerilog modeling and Verilog-HDL and fully verified with simulations.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
• /
• v.49 no.6
• /
• pp.489-496
• /
• 2021

The X-band frequencies for transmitting the data from earth observation satellites are limited, so a number of satellites share the frequency bands. In order for multiple satellites to utilize same or adjacent frequency bands, International Telecommunication Union - Radiocommunication (ITU-R) limits power flux density (PFD), which overcomes the interferences among multiple satellites. However, even under the regulation, the interference effect needs to be analyzed when multiple satellites are connected to communicate with multiple ground stations (GSs) located close to each other. In this paper, the interference effect is analyzed based on signal to interference plus noise ratio (SINR) when two low earth orbit (LEO) satellites operating in different orbits are connected to communicate with randomly located two GSs in Korean peninsula. From the analysis results, it is confirmed that there can be interferences during 365 days operation even if the satellites meet PFD requirement, but the periods under interference effects are short and the interference can be foreseen.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
• /
• v.7 no.3
• /
• pp.227-232
• /
• 2013

The pixels used in a digital X-ray detector have different sensitivities and offset values. A non-uniform image is consequently obtained. Flat-field correction was introduced to resolve this problem and carried out image preprocessing in a digital imaging system. Nevertheless, the non-uniform images caused by several reasons have been being occasionally acquired. In this study, the non-uniform images acquired in digital imaging systems were applied to flat-field correction, and NPSs were calculated and analyzed with those images before and after correction. It was confirmed that low frequency noise were effectively eliminated.