• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.139-151
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• 2014

This paper analyzes factors affecting rail transit ridership at urban rail stations of the Daegu Metropolitan City in 2011. Rail transit ridership is analyzed by dividing weekdays and weekends in order that their differences may be observed. The data used in this study includes various explanatory variables, such as floor area which was collected from building ledger and GIS cadastral map, number of bus routes(line) possible to transfer from urban rail transit, number of students enrolled in middle and high schools, and universities located in access areas of rail transit. For this study, multiple regression models are estimated including various explanatory variables affecting rail transit ridership of weekdays and weekends. From the study, the number of statistically significant explanatory variables and the relative effect of each variable are shown to be different between weekdays and weekends.

• Korean Journal of Childcare and Education
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.191-213
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship pattern among paternal parenting behaviors, father involvement, parenting stress, and parenting self- efficacy. The subjects were 299 fathers of 3 to 4 year-old children at 2 child care centers and 11 kindergartens in Seoul and the Gyunggi-do area. Fathers responded to a modified version of Parenting Daily Hassles(Crinc & Greeberg, 1990), a re vised version of Parenting Sense of Competence(Gibaud-Wallston & Wandersman, 1978), and questionnaires including questions about parenting behaviors(Park, 2000) and father involvement developed by authors. Stepwise regression analyses showed that fathers' cognitive efficacy of parenting and the frequency of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'warmth encouragement'. Also, cognitive efficacy and the frequency and time amount of play involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'setting up the limitations'. Meanwhile, fathers' emotional efficacy and the amount of play time involvement on weekdays significantly explained paternal 'over-protection permission'. Finally, the cognitive and emotional efficacy of rearing and parenting stress significantly explained paternal 'rejection non-intervention'.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.201-234
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• 2003

This paper examines the day of the week effect focusing on the effect of the settlement procedures on the stock price in seven major international stock markets. Settlement dates or procedures may have an effect on rate of return distributions in international stock markets. Those Settlement procedures are different among various international stock markets. Furthermore, several international stock markets change their systems of settlement procedures. On the New York stock exchanges, stock transactions are settled in five business days after the transaction. However, they changed settlement procedures from five business days to three business days from 1995. Those settlement procedures on the London stock exchanges and the Paris stock exchanges were changes from the fixed settlement date systems to the fixed settlement lag systems. Thus, this paper examines the effect of the changes in settlement procedures on the stock price in several stock markets. I found that changes of settlement dates or procedures have an effect on the rate of return distributions for specific days in some stock markets. This paper also examines the day of the week effect for seven international stock markets. I found that strong weekend effect before the period of 1990. However, the weekend effect has disappeared during the period from 1990 to 2002 in international stock markets.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.19 no.2
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• pp.89-96
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• 2012

Objectives: Individuals differ in their biological rhythms. This study investigated the association between the morningness-eveningness and sleep patterns, daytime sleepiness and fatigue in Korean male adolescents. Methods: Participants were 501 eleventh grade male students ($16.9{\pm}0.2$ years of age) in one male high school in Seoul. Each student completed the Korean translation of composite scale (KtCS), Epworth sleepiness scale (ESS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS) and a questionnaire about their sleep schedule. Results: The evening group had shorter weekday sleep time than the intermediate (p<0.001) or morning group (p=0.029). The evening group had more daytime napping (16.8%, p<0.001), high rate of caffeine use (58.8%, p<0.001) and snoring (18.5%, p=0.037). The evening group showed more daytime sleepiness (8.7, SD=3.2, p<0.001) and severe fatigue (4.4, SD=1.2, p<0.001) than the intermediate or morning group. Conclusion: Adolescents with eveningness have higher problems in weekday sleep, daytime sleepiness and fatigue. An intervention program for sleep problem in these adolescents should be considered.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.46 no.4
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• pp.332-345
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• 2013

The aim of this study was to evaluate the nutritional status of elementary and middle school students by gender with an emphasis on comparison of nutritional intake between weekday and weekend. Survey construct included one 24-hour diet recall and two diet records, short food frequency questionnaire, and anthropometry. Eating behaviors and nutritional intake were largely different for four groups divided by age and gender: ME, FE, MM, and FM. Frequency of consumption of healthful foods was significantly higher in the ME and FE groups. The highest and lowest scores for frequency of eating with parents were observed in the FE and FM groups, respectively. The amount of consumption of food groups was lower on weekends than on weekdays and this trend was more prominent in elementary schoolers compared with middle schoolers. In terms of food group consumption as well as energy and nutrient intake, the ME group showed the greatest differences between weekday and weekend, followed by FE, MM, and FM, in descending order. A significantly higher amount of potassium, phosphorus, and calcium was consumed on weekdays than on the weekend in the ME and FE groups. The amount of energy and nutrient intake was smallest in the FM group; however, the difference between weekday and weekend was minimal as well. In comparison of the subjects' energy and nutrient intake with their Korean Dietary Reference Intakes values (%KDRI), the MM group showed the most undesirable results for energy, protein, dietary fiber, vitamin A, vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin $B_6$, calcium, and zinc. Overall, findings indicated that nutritional intake status may differ between weekday and weekend for elementary and middle schoolers by gender, suggesting that youth may benefit from nutritional education programs that stress the impact of gender and weekend effect on their dietary intake.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Veterinary Service Conference
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• 1998.05a
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• pp.171.1-171
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• 1998

• Korean Architects
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• s.457
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• pp.60-64
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• 2007

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1995.10a
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• pp.327-332
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• 1995

가압중수형 원자로의 원자로건물내 주중기관 파단사고는 냉각재 상실사고와는 달리 핵연료 건전성이 유지됨에도 불구하고 파단 부위를 통한 과도한 중기 방출에 따른 일차측 급냉 및 감압에 의하여 경수를 수원으로 사용하는 비상노심냉각 계통(Emergency Core Cooling System:ECCS)의 작동으로 인하여 일차측 중수의 규정농도가 규정치 98% 이하로 저하되어 교체 또는 승급을 요하는 막대한 경제적 손실을 초래 할 수 있다. 원자로건물내 주중기관 파단사고시 비상노심냉각계통의 작동을 방지 또는 지연시키기 위한 운전기법으로 이차측 급수의 차단을 고려하였다. 주증기관 파단크기 50% 이하 범위에서는 원자로 정지후 급수 차단을 통해 비상노심냉각계통 작동을 막을 수 있음이 평가되었다.

• Proceedings of the Korean Environmental Sciences Society Conference
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• 2006.05a
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• pp.126-128
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• 2006

대구 보건환경연구원의 대기오염측정망 관측자료를 통해 주중과 주말의 대기오염물질 농도 분포에 관해 살펴보았다. NO$_2$와 PM10의 농도가 평일에 비하여 주말에 감소하는 경향으로 보이는 것은 주말보다 평일에 출퇴근 등의 차량 통행이 많은 것과 관련이 있는 것으로 사료된다. 이와 반대로 O$_3$이 평일에 비하여 주말에 증가하는 경향을 보인 것은 감소하는 NO$_2$의 농도와 관련하여 상대적으로 O$_3$의 농도가 증가한 것으로 사료된다.

• 방재와보험
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• s.136
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• pp.58-60
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• 2010

이번 탐방은 지난 2009년 9월 서울 영등포에 개장한 이래 주중 평균 16만 명, 주말 최대 32만 명의 방문객 수를 기록하며 서울 서남부 상권의 핵으로 자리매김 하고 있는 국내 최대의 복합쇼핑몰 타임스퀘어를 방문하였다.