• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.71-97
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• 2009

In this study, I compare the ability of alternative accounting method for employee stock option to reflect firm value using the Ohlson's(1995) valuation model for 200 firms. The each methods, I compare are employee stock option expense recognition based on the K-GAAP disclosures, and asset recognition at the grant date based on the SFAS No. 123 Exposure Draft: Accounting for stock-based compensation. The model include: (1) a model that uses reported earnings, equity book value, and compensation expense based on the K-GAAP disclosures; (2) a model that uses pro-forma earnings, equity book value and adds a measure of the unrecognized asset arising form granting of employee stock options. Finding form estimating equations that the K-GAAP method for calculating compensation has no explanatory power, and the SFAS No.123 Draft Exposure method for arising asset and fair value compensation better captures than market's perception of the economic impact of stock options on firm values. However, the correlation of employee stock option compensation expense is positive. These results suggest that incentive benefits derived from employee stock option plans outweigh the cost associated with plan. In addition, I couldn't find evidence that company in KOSDAQ that have high growth potential benefit more from employee stock option plan compared to lager, more mature firm in SEC.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Intelligent Systems Conference
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• 2000.11a
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• pp.213-219
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• 2000

본 논문에서는 쌍선형 시스템에 대한 퍼지 제어 기법을 제안하였다. 쌍선형 시스템은 비선형 시스템의 특별한 형태로서, 상태 변수와 입력변수가 곱해진 항 때문에 시스템을 제어하기가 용이하지 않다. 이러한 비선형 때문에 기존의 제어기법을 적용하여도 원하는 성능을 얻기가 쉽지 않다. 또한 쌍선형 시스템을 선형 시스템에 근사화 시켜서 최적해를 구하기 위한 반복적 방법을 이용한 최적제어기법 역시 제안되었으나 이 결과 또한 제한된 시스템에 대하여만 적용이 가능하고 많은 연산이 큰 부담으로 작용한다. 따라서 쌍선형 시스템에 대한 제어기 설계는 활발한 연구결과에도 불구하고 용이하지 않다. 따라서 본 논문에서는 비선형에 대한 적당한 보상을 퍼지제어 기법을 통하여 제공 하므로서 쌍선형 시스템의 제어 문제를 해결하였다. 또한 설계된 제어기를 모의 실험을 통하여 원하는 성능을 얻을 수 있음을 보였고 기존의 반복적 방법을 통한 최적제어 기법과 비교하였다.

• Journal of Venture Innovation
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.123-144
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• 2023

In the age of 100 years, it had become very important to prepare for unexpected dangers. This study was conducted to analyze the factors affecting the sales performance of financial planners. We analyzed the influence relationship of sales training, sales management, and customer orientation on sales performance, and furthermore, analyzed the impact of these influence relationships. To this end, sales training was subdivided into customer development, sales competency, and learning agility. Customer orientation was subdivided into the use of customer management system, SNS use, and customer service provision. Sales management was subdivided into goal orientation, manager leadership, and compensation system. The effect of these detailed variables on sales performance was empirically analyzed. To this end, a survey was conducted targeting currently active financial planners. The survey was conducted for a month in January 2023, and 250 valid samples were analyzed. The results of the empirical analysis were as follows. Customer development and learning agility had a significant positive (+) effect on sales performance. Sales competency were not tested for significance. Among customer orientations, SNS use and customer service provision had a significant positive (+) effect on sales performance. The use of the customer management system was not tested for significance. Among sales management, goal orientation and compensation system had a significant positive (+) effect on sales performance. Manager leadership was not tested for significance. The influence of variables that significantly affect sales performance was in the order of goal orientation, customer service provision, compensation system, slearning agility, customer development, and SNS use. Based on these research results, academic and practical implications were presented.

• The korean journal of orthodontics
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• v.36 no.5
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• pp.339-348
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• 2006

Objective: With development of the skeletal anchorage system, orthodontic mini-implant (OMI) assisted on masse sliding retraction has become part of general orthodontic treatment. But compared to the emphasis on successful anchorage preparation, the control of anterior teeth axis has not been emphasized enough. Methods: A 3-D finite element Base model of maxillary dental arch and a Lingual tipping model with lingually inclined anterior teeth were constructed. To evaluate factors influencing the axis of anterior teeth when OMI was used as anchorage, models were simulated with 2 mm or 5 mm retraction hooks and/or by the addition of 4 mm of compensating curve (CC) on the main archwire. The stress distribution on the roots and a 25000 times enlarged axis graph were evaluated. Results: Intrusive component of retraction force directed postero-superiorly from the 2 mm height hook did not reduce the lingual tipping of anterior teeth. When hook height was increased to 5 mm, lateral incisor showed crown-labial and root-lingual torque and uncontrolled tipping of the canine was increased.4 mm of CC added to the main archwire also induced crown-labial and root-lingual torque of the lateral incisor but uncontrolled tipping of the canine was decreased. Lingual tipping model showed very similar results compared with the Base model. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that height of the hook and compensating curve on the main archwire can influence the axis of anterior teeth. These data can be used as guidelines for clinical application.