• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.267-287
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• 2010

This study aimed to improve the Traffic Accident Management System's validity and reliability, so the system could help classify and judge the human factors that correlate with traffic accidents. We took traffic accident research and analysis systems of United States and United Kingdom and certain related, former studies into account in building our test system. Next, we used the test system's criteria to re-analyze 502 Gyeonggi province accident records from 2008. We compared the results to existing systems' results to verify the test system's validity and reliability. These results indicated the necessity of removing some uncertain items from the existing systems and adding in some new items from the test system. This should help improve understanding of what happens at traffic accident scenes and of the sources of drivers' abnormal, reckless behavior. We introduce suggestions for improving the Traffic Accident Management System and research concepts for further studies.

• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.35-54
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• 2006

This study analysed the effect of music tempo on young drivers' driving speed. 23 male college students under age 26 were randomly assigned to one of three music conditions as follows; No Music, Slow Music and Fast Music. Every subject's travel time(sec) and driving speed(Km/h) was recorded while they were driving a computer-based driving simulator. As the results of this study, we found that 1) the fast music group's mean of travel time was the shortest and also, 2) their mean of driving speed was the fastest. The effect of music tempo on driving speed can be explained as a biological mechanism, same as the effect on our heart-beat rate or intensity of physical exercising. This result shows us that listening musics while driving can affect the driving speed instead of the driver's physical condition.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.127-136
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• 2009

Purpose: It is known that aspiration pneumonitis is associated with high mortality and morbidity following overdose. However, until now, few domestic studies on this subject have been conducted. The main aim of this study is to investigate the risk factors associated with aspiration pneumonitis in intubated patients following overdose. Methods: Among 654 adult overdosed patients who visited our institution from Jan. 2006 to June 2008, we enrolled 70 intubated patients within 24 hours after their overdose, and we reviewed the medical records to collect the data. This data was processed by univariate analysis, followed by multiple logistic regression analysis. P values <0.05 were deemed statistically significant. Results: In our study, a high incidence of pneumonitis was seen in the patients with an older age, a lower GCS and a high poisoning severity score or a high comorbidity score (p<0.05). Compared with the non-pneumonitis group, the pneumonitis group had a higher incidence of intubation (6% vs 61.8%, respectively, p<0.05). The main cause of intubation was a decreased mentality (68.6%). Older age, a high comorbidity score, irrigation without airway protection, relative hypoxemia and hyperkalemia were the risk factors of aspiration pneumonitis in the intubated overdosed patients (p<0.05). Among these factors, age, a high potassium level and airway protection might be significant predictors of aspiration penumonitis (p<0.05). Conclusion: Older age, a high potassium level and irrigation without proper airway protection may be the significant factors that can predict aspiration pneumonitis in patients who are intubated within 24 hours after overdose, although the further investigations on this are needed.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Clinical Toxicology
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.97-105
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• 2010

Purpose: Although cardiac toxicity is a key parameter of significant toxicity, in antidepressant intoxication, there are few studies on the cardiac toxicity of serotonin reuptake inhibitor and the intoxication with the new generation of antidepressants. The aim of this study is to investigate the relative cardiac toxicity of serotonin reuptake inhibitor and intoxication with the new generation of antidepressants as compared with that of tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 109 antidepressant intoxicated patients who visited the Emergency Department from January, 2005 to December, 2009 to collect and analyze the demographic and clinical data. Sixteen patients were excluded. The enrolled seventy eight patients were classified into three groups: the tricyclic antidepressant group (TCA) (n=32), the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor subgroup (SSRI) (n=28) and the new generation antidepressant subgroup (NGA) (n=18). Results: The demographic and clinical data of the SSRI and NGA groups were not significantly different from that of the TCA group. The QRS duration of the SSRI subgroup ($86.4{\pm}12.0$ msec) and the NGA subgroup ($91.8{\pm}11.9$ msec) was not significantly different from that of the TCA group ($90.0{\pm}13.5msec$) (p=0.598). The QTc interval of the SSRI group ($444.5{\pm}33.5msec$) and the NGA group ($434.9{\pm}35.9msec$) (p=0.260) were not significantly different from that of the TCA group ($431.2{\pm}44.1msec$) (p=0.287). Conclusion: Intoxication with SSRI and the new generation antidepressants seemed to show significant cardiac toxicity, like what is seen in tricyclic antidepressant intoxication. Clinicians must pay attention to SSRI and new generation antidepressant intoxication.

• Sijohaknonchong
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• v.21
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• pp.185-206
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• 2004

We see the term in Tosan 12 songs and other poems by Leehwang. The term means 'Birds fly in the sky, Fish swim in the water.' It is important I think in that it is the point of contact between his poems and thought. There is a gap between original text of , [The way of mean (중용)] and Leehwang's understanding. It is same with Buddhism and Taoism as confucianism in the idea that we cannot describe the Ultimate into the human language. is the very confucian way of that. But Leewhang has the peculiar idea that it can't pass over the Moral state even though its meaning is over the human language.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.198-215
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• 2012

Green Exhibition and Convention property of the participant satisfaction and impact on the performance of participating companies by looking out for the future development of the national economy on the local economy and help the continued growth of the Green Exhibition and Convention that will help to provide basic data for the purpose of. The results of this study participated in the Green Exhibition and Convention on the expectation of fame exhibit variable, based on the venue, the exhibition publicity, Green Exhibition and Convention Services, Green Exhibition and Convention facilities, information, PC communication or the Internet web site, information, and with the encouragement of those around these parameters and variables of trust as being based on the venue, the exhibition publicity, Green exhibition and Convention Services, Convention and Exhibition as being green in order to increase its influence on expectations and confidence to increase the satisfaction of the variable parameters should be of the utmost importance. Participants to meet the expectations of the variables in the Exhibition, Exhibition of trust, sex, male and recommendation showed by influence. This is an important variable affecting showed. Satisfaction of participants and exhibitors were on.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.13C no.2 s.105
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• pp.219-226
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• 2006

The shortest path is only maintained during short time because network topology changes very frequently and each mobile nodes communicate each other by depending on battery in MANET(Mobile Ad-hoc Network). So many researches that are to overcome a limitation or consider a power have executed actively by many researcher. But these protocols are considered only one side of link stability or power consumption so we can make high of stability but power consumption isn't efficient. And also we can reduce power consumption of network but the protocol can't make power consumption of balancing. For that reason we suggest RBSSPR(Residual Battery Capacity and Signal Strength Based Power-aware Routing Protocol in MANET). The RBSSPR considers residual capacity of battery and signal strength so it keeps not only a load balancing but also minimizing of power consumption. The RBSSPR is based on AODV(Ad-hoc On-demand Distance Vector Routing). We use ns-2 for simulation. This simulation result shows that RBSSPR can extense lifetime of network through distribution of traffic that is centralized into special node and reducing of power consumption.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.29 no.2
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• pp.37-45
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• 2011

The main objective of this study is two-fold: 1) to analyze the effect of PG technology application on road user's satisfaction and driving speed, and 2) to investigate the relationship between driver's subjective workload level and their reactions related to the PG technology application. Based on the result of field observation, the experimental scenario for driving simulation study was prepared. The experimental results showed that drivers were more satisfied to the road condition with PG technology applied, and even the pattern of speed reduction was more stable than control condition. The pattern of speed reduction along driver's subjective driving workload level were slightly different by physical road condition, and road user's satisfaction was revealed to be negatively correlated with their subjective driving workload level. This result indicates that depending on situation and driver characteristic, information for the drivers could be nothing more than nuisance that just distracts drivers. In order to facilitate the implementation of PG technology in Korea, further study on related human factors, especially for those who are weak in traffic situations, is recommended.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Surface Engineering Conference
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• 2018.06a
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• pp.6-6
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• 2018

본 연구에서는 고문헌에 기록된 도금 재료와 도금법 등을 확인하고 이를 기초자료로 활용하여 매실산을 사용한 금(Au)-수은(Hg) 아말감기법으로 고대 도금(鍍金)기술을 되살리고, 이를 토대로 경주 월지에서 출토된 금동삼존판불을 복원하였다. 먼저, 전통 도금법을 되살리기 위해서, "오주서종박물고변", "확지신편", 조선시대 각종 의궤 등에 공통적으로 기록되어 있는 매실에 주목하고, 매실을 3~4개월 발효 숙성 후 착즙한 뒤 그것을 농축하여 만든 매실산을 도금 실험에 적용하였다. 금아말감 도금을 위하여 월지 출토 금동삼존판불의 바탕소지금속인 청동삼존판불을 구리와 주석 89:11(Cu:6kg, Su:750g)로 합금하여 주물사 주조법으로 복원하였으며, 동일한 합금비로 제작된 $2.3cm{\times}3.5cm$(가로${\times}$세로)의 시편에 사전 실험을 실시하였다. 현대적 산처리 방식에 사용되는 질산과 전통방식으로 사용되는 매실산으로 시편에 산처리 한 후 각각 비교해 보고, 금분과 금박, 상온과 가온에 따른 아말감상태를 비교하는 실험을 진행하였는데, 실험에 사용된 매실산 70%는 pH가 1.94로, 오늘날 산처리에 사용하고 있는 질산 20%와는 차이가 있지만, 청동 시편 실험을 통해 매실산에 20분 정도 담근 뒤 금아말감을 도포 후 24시간 지나 가열($380{\sim}400^{\circ}C$) 했을 때 금도금이 잘 되어, 현대적 방법인 질산처리로 도금을 한 시편과 큰 차이가 없는 것으로 관찰되었다. 사전 실험을 통한 결과를 적용한 월지 출토 금동삼존판불 복원은 청동삼존판불 표면처리, 금-수은 합금 및 도금하기, 도금 후 표면처리의 순서로 진행되었는데, 금과 소지금속의 밀착력을 높이기 위해 표면을 숯을 이용해 탈지한 후 물로 씻어내고 매실산을 도포하여 20분 동안 두어 부식 및 세척을 시행하였다. 금도금을 위한 금-수은아말감은 가온할 때 수은이 증발하는 양을 고려하여 금1 : 수은10 비율로 합금하여 완성하였으며, 금아말감 도포 후 약 24시간 지난 다음, $380{\sim}400^{\circ}C$에 가열하여 수은을 기화시켜 도금작업을 완성하였다. 금아말감도금은 평균적으로 6~7차례 시행하여야 완벽히 도금되지만, 본 연구에서는 단 4차례의 도금만으로 금아말감도금을 완성시켰는데, 이것은 금아말감을 바탕소지인 청동에 도포한 후 24시간 동안 금아말감과 청동과의 반응 시간을 두게한 것이 큰 역할을 한 것으로 보이며, 이는 청동시편을 이용한 실험과 과학적 분석을 통하여 입증하였다. SEM으로 표면을 관찰한 결과 아말감 도포시간이 즉시인 경우 도금이 거의 되지 않은 것을 확인할 수 있었고 36시간이 넘어갈 경우 금 도금층이 불균일하게 관찰되었으므로 도금시간은 12시간~24시간 이내가 적절함을 확인할 수 있었다. EDS로 성분을 분석한 결과 산처리 시간이 20분인 시료의 경우 5 wt% 내외로 수은의 비율이 다른 시료에 비해 낮은 것을 확인할 수 있었다. 실험 및 분석결과 산처리 시간이 20분이고 아말감 도포시간이 24시간일 때 도금이 잘 이루어지므로 이 결과를 토대로 금동삼존판불을 복원하였다. 이번 연구를 통해 도금법에 표면을 세척하고 부식시키기 위해 사용한 물질이 매실산임을 찾아내어 확인할 수 있었는데, 이러한 점 에서 이 연구의 가장 큰 의미는 전통 소재와 기술을 복원한 것으로, 앞으로 매실산을 이용한 금 도금기술은 관련 학계에도 큰 기여를 할 것으로 기대된다.

• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.115-132
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• 2017

Differences in reaction time and accuracy were compared among driver groups of middle-, old-, and stroke old-age drivers using various reaction time tasks including simple reaction task, 2-choice task, 4-choice task with different stimuli eccentricity, search task, and moving target detection task. The results can be summarized as followings. First, although overall reaction time tended to be slowed with age and stroke, stroke old drivers showed significantly slower reaction time than the other driver groups when the stimuli were presented in a large eccentricity. Second, differences in reaction time for 2-choice task and moving target detection task seemed to be determined mainly by participants' simple reaction time. Third, the search task which required temporary retention of previously presented stimuli was found to be more sensitive in discriminating difference in reaction time between middle-age drivers and old-age drivers (including stroke old drivers). Fourth, reaction accuracy of old (and stroke old) drivers decreased when more stimuli alternatives were presented and temporary retention for stimuli was required. Altogether, memory demand in reaction time task can be sensitive to evaluate performance for different age groups, whereas size of useful field of view for brain stroke.