• Korean Parent-Child Health Journal
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.17-24
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• 2016

Purpose: This study examined the level of students' anxiety depending on the injection type, education methods, and the students' characteristics. Methods: 209 first year nursing students were randomly assigned to each group by three factors -injection methods, video watching, and number of practice. Injection methods had two levels (IV and IM). Video watching also had also two levels (video watching and non-watching group). And the number of practice had 4 levels according to number of practice (2, 4, 6, and 8 times). The video watching group was watching 30 minutes video before manikin practice. After 5 to 15 minutes of manikin practice, the sufficiency of practice and the level of anxiety were measured. The data were analyzed by t-test and one way ANOVA. Results: The anxiety of the IV practice was higher than that of IM. The students who have experiences of working at hospital or the similar institution were lower in anxiety. The higher self-confident in sufficiency of practice lowered the students' anxiety. But watching video and the number of practices had no effects on the level of anxiety. Conclusion: To effectively lower the anxiety of nursing students in the nursing practice education, lecture methods and education tools are needed to develop.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.233-233
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• 1994

인삼 성분이 학습 및 기억력 중진에 미치는 효과를 연구하기 위하여, 학습 및 기억력 저하를 유발하는 약물들에 대한 아답타겐 (상품명) 과 인삼 수 엑기스산의 효과를 관찰하였다. Ethylcholine aziridium ion(AF64A), scopolamine 및 morphine을 쥐 및 생쥐의 해마와 복강에 각 각 주입하여 학습 및 기억력 저하를 유발한 후 아답타겐을 경구 투여하여 학습 및 기억력에 미치는 효과를 수로시험을 통하여 측정하였다. 또한 인삼 수 엑기스산을 일주일 동안 복강 주사하여 각 효과를 수로시험을 통하여 측정하였다. 또한 인삼 수 엑기스산을 일주일동안 복강 주사하여 각종 신경계에 미치는 변화를 효소 활성도, 신경전달물질의 농도, 수용체 결합을 지표로 하여 살펴보았다. AF64A 투여군 중 플랫폼을 전혀 인지치 못한 군에 아답타겐을 투여시에는 투여 횟수에 따라 플랫폼을 인지하는 비율이 증가했다. 연습 후 일주일간 물을 투여한 대조군의 도달 시간에 큰 변화가 없음에 반해, 아답타겐을 투여시에는 3일 투여 후 최대 시간이 걸리고, 투여횟수가 증가할수록 점차 도달 시간이 단축되었다. 인공 뇌척수액 및 AF64A의 투여군에서 아답타겐을 5일간 투여한 경우 대조군보다 각각 3배 빠른 속도로 플랫폼을 기억하였다. 한편 scopola mine 투여시에는 아답타겐을 투여한 군이 투여하지 않은 군보다 약 3배 빨리 플랫폼에 도달하였으나 각 투여군의 매일의 도달 시간 차이에는 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 또한 4일 전에 아답타겐을 투여시에는 saline 및 merphine 투여시 약 1.4배 빨리 플랫폼을 인지하였다. 인삼 추출물을 7일 투여 했을 경우 선조체에서 도파민 합성 효소인 tyrosine hydroxylase 활성이 유의성 있게 증가했으며, 대사체인 DOPAC의 농도도 증가를 나타냈다. 그러나, 도파민, HVA및 대사율인 DOPAC/DA와 HVA/DA에는 변화를 보이지 않았다. 또한 선조체의 GABA농도는 약 66%로 낮아졌지만 AChE의 활성도는 변화가 없었다. 인삼 수 추출물을 2주일 투여시 선조체의 도파민 수용체의 특성변화는, D1 수용체의 친화력에는 변화가 없는 반면, 최대 결합 수용체 수는 약간 낮아졌고, D2 수용체의 경우 최대 결합 수용체수는 변화가 없었으나 친화력은 감소하였다. 또한 피질의 benzodiazipine수용체 결합 친화력에는 변화가 없는 반면 최대 결합 수용체 수는 약 15%의 증가를 나타내었고 연수의 benzodiazepine 및 피질의 GABA 수용체의 특성에는 에는 변화를 나타내지 않았다. 이상의 결과, AF64A, 아급성 scopolamine 및 급성 morphine꽈 투여로 학습능이 저하되고 아답타겐을 경구 투여시엔 저하된 학습능력 빛 기억력의 증가를 보였다. 또한 본 결과는 인삼성분 중에는 도파민 및 GABA신경계에 영향을 주는 성분이 있음을 제시하였다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.33-37
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• 2010

Purpose: In the early stage of using PET/CT, it was used to damper revision but recently shows that CT with MDCT is commonly used and works well for an anatomical diagnosis. This hospital makes the accuracy and convenience more higher in the diagnosis and evaluate of coronary heart disease through concurrently running myocardial perfusion SPECT examination, myocardial PET examination with FDG, and CT coronary artery CT angiography(coronary CTA) used PET/CT with 64-slice. This report shows protocol and image based on results from about 400 coronary heart disease examinations since having 64 channels PET/CT in July 2007. Materials and Methods: An Equipment for this examination is 64-slice CT and Discovery VCT (DVCT) that is consisted of PET with BGO ($Bi_4Ge_3O_{12}$) scintillation crystal by GE health care. First myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress test to reduce waiting time of a patient and get a quick diagnosis and evaluation, and right after it, myocardial FDG PET examination and coronary CTA run without a break. One-stop evaluation protocol of ischemic heart disease is as follows. 1)Myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress: A patient is injected with $^{99m}Tc$-MIBI 10 mCi and does not have any fatty food for myocardial PET examination and drink natural water with ursodeoxcholic acid 100 mg and we get SPECT image in an hour. 2)Myocardial FDG PET: To reduce blood fatty content and to increase uptake of FDG, we used creative oral glucose load using insulin and Acipimox to according to blood acid content. A patient is injected with $^{18}F$-FDG 5 mCi for reduction of his radiation exposure and we get a gated image an hour later and get delay image when we need. 3) Coronary CTA: The most important point is to control heart rate and to get cooperation of patient's breath. In order to reduce a heart rate of him or her below 65 beats, let him or her take beta blocker 50 mg ~ 200 mg after a consultation with a doctor about it and have breath-practices then have the examination. Right before the examination, we spray isosorbide dinitrate 3 to 5 times to lower tension of bessel wall and to extension a blood wall of a patient. It makes to get better the shape of an anatomy. At filming, a patient is injected CT contrast with high pressure and have enough practices before the examination in order to have no problem. For reduction of his radiation exposure, we have to do ECG-triggered X-ray tube modulation exposure. Results: We evaluate coronary artery stenosis through coronary CTA and study correlation (culprit vessel check) of a decline between stenosis and perfusion from the myocardial perfusion SPECT with pharmacologic stress, coronary CTA, and can check viability of infarction or hibernating myocardium by FDG PET. Conclusion: The examination makes us to set up a direction of remedy (drug treatment, PCI, CABG) because we can estimate of effect from remedy, lesion site and severity. In addition, we have an advantage that it takes just 3 hours and one-stop in that all of process of examinations run in succession and at the same time. Therefore it shows that the method is useful in one stop evaluation of ischemic heart disease.