• Proceedings of the KHMA Conference
• /
• 2000.10a
• /
• pp.156-156
• /
• 2000

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.30 no.7 s.155
• /
• pp.1034-1043
• /
• 2006

The purpose of this study was to investigate the difference of the visual evaluation about gathered skirts according to different gathering conditions and objects. The experiment is made of factorial design for three variables-fabric(cotton, wool, polyester), ratio of gathers(1.5T, 2.0T, 2.5T), objects(real thing, 2D digital picture, 3D shape). Questionnaire consists of 33 sematic differential scale expressing gathered skirts' image. The subjects were 50 male and female students majoring in clothing and textile. The data were analyzed by Frequency, Factor analysis, Anova, scheffe's test. The results obtained were summarized as follows; 1. As the open-ended response there were difference among the image according to different gathering conditions and obects. 2. The image of gathered skirts was composed of 6 factors; activities, attraction, attention, softness, moderateness, function. 3. For visual evaluation of gathering conditions as different objects, there were similar as softly in fabrics and lager in ratio of gathers. 4. For visual evaluation of different objects as gathering conditions, there was more difference effect of ratio of gathers than fabrics.

• Journal of the Korea Fashion and Costume Design Association
• /
• v.7 no.1
• /
• pp.33-40
• /
• 2005

Gathering is method used to control fullness along a seam line. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the quantitative research and qualitative method; the effect of gather and the types of gather drape. The experimental design consists of four factors: (l) three kinds of different weight and thickness of fabrics (2) three kinds of stitch densities (3) five kinds of ratio of gathers (4) three kinds of grain directions. Therefore one hundred thirty five (135) samples were made. And utilized SPSS WIN 10.0 Package in data analysis. The results of this study were as follows; First, after frequency analysis, side height, hem line width, node depth, node count, node width accorded with these result data recording. Second, after correlation analysis, side height related with front statements. Side height and entire visual was negative correlation. Hem line width, node depth, node count with section statements was negative correlation but node width at section statements was positive correlation. Third, after $k^2$ analysis, front picture parts getting excellent evaluation were 1st side height, 3rd hem line width, 4th node depth, 3rd node count, 3rd node width. And section illustration parts getting excellent evaluation were 4th side height, 1st hem line width, 2nd node depth, 3rd node count, 4th node width.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Clothing and Textiles
• /
• v.28 no.6
• /
• pp.776-783
• /
• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the reasonable gathering conditions as consider of effect of gathering and variation of silhouette made by gathering conditions. The experimental design consists of four factorial design: (1) three kinds of different weight and different thickness fabrics (2) three kinds of different stitch densities (3) five kinds of different ratio of gathers (4) three kinds of different angles. Therefore one hundred thirty five (135) samples were made. Data analysis utilize SPSS WIN 10.0 Package. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the aspect of fabrics, it is shown the visual propriety that it is as thin as the small stitch, and as thick as the big stitch. 2. As stitch densities, it shows the different stabilized nodes. 3. In the aspect of ratio of gathers, it is shown the visual propriety that a few was small stitches, which help formations of nodes, and a lot were big stitches, which help increased the effect of gather. 4. In the aspect of angle of bias, the drape appearance was excellent as a sample of cutting by 0 angle(0$^{\circ}$) of bias. The big stitches that help formations of stabilized nodes, and a case of cutting by 45 angle(45$^{\circ}$) of bias was small stitch.

• Journal of The Korean Society of Agricultural Engineers
• /
• v.61 no.6
• /
• pp.67-72
• /
• 2019

This study compared the theory of a culvert spacing and analytical results of the seepage flow for the subsurface drainage. i) If culvert spacing (Sc) is within 5 m, the unit drainage (q) is very larger; in contrast, if Sc is 5 m or more, there is very little drainage in the middle between drains. Therefore, the drain spacing should be within 5 m to ensure high drainage efficiency. ii) Since the planned culvert drainage increases linearly with the soil's permeability coefficient (k), k must be taken into account when determining the drain diameter by the planned culvert drainage. iii) As a result of analyzing the drainage performance of the absorbing culvert, the drainage performance is sufficient with the diameter of the corrugated drain pipe Dc = 50 mm at the length of the drain Lc = 100 m. iv) Therefore, if the drain spacing (Sc) is less than 5 m using the low-cost non-excavated drainage pipe method (${\Phi}50mm$ the corrugated drain pipe and fiber mat) rather than the conventional trench drain method (Sc > 10 m, Dc > 100 mm), uniform and high drainage efficiency can be ensured as well as low construction cost. v) The sub-irrigation+drainage culvert requires narrower drain spacing (Sc < 2-3 m) for irrigation. As a result of examining the condition of 35 mm in diameter (Dc) and 2~3 m in drain spacing, it is possible to apply the non-excavated drainage pipe method to the sub-irrigation+drainage culvert because drainage performance is sufficient at the drain length Lc = 50 m.

• Korean Journal of Plant Taxonomy
• /
• v.39 no.1
• /
• pp.12-23
• /
• 2009

To verify hybridity of Asplenium castaneo-viride, external morphology, spore morphology, anatomy and chromosomes of the species and of the two presumed parental species, A. incisum and A. ruprechtii, were examined. A. castaneo-viride usually had 1-pinnately divided frond. However, some individuals had almost simple fronds with pinnatisect basal parts similar to A. ruprechtii, while others had fronds similar to A. incisum in having oblanceolate blades and basal pinnae with triangular, 2-3 lobed apices. On the surface of the spores, sculpturing consisted of folds that were usually prominent; forming long wings, and irregular or incomplete reticulation. However, reticulation patterns varied among species. A. castaneo-viride showed a wide range of variation from sparse to dense patterns, whereas A. incisum showed only from sparse to intermediate patterns. A. ruprechtii showed from intermediate to dense patterns. The spore size of A. castaneo-viride was $54.63{\mu}m$, larger than other two species ($47.81{\mu}m$ in A. incisum and $44.22{\mu}m$ in A. ruprechtii). The level of undulation of epidermal cell wall was also different. A. incisum had the most shallowly undulated wall, and A. castaneo-viride had a pattern intermediate between the two presumed parental species. This same patterns was recognized in the density of stomata. The density of $45.91/mm^2$ in A. castaneo-viride was intermediate between the two presumed parental species ($67.00/mm^2$ in A. incisum, and $37.86/mm^2$ in A. ruprechtii). Chromosome number was constant (2x =2n = 72) as in A. incisum and A. ruprechtii. However, A. castaneo-viride showed a different ploidy level. The populations of Mt. Mai (Jeonbuk province) and Mt. Duryun (Jeonnam province) were diploid (2n = 72) which is a new record for this taxon, whereas the population of Mt. Buram (Seoul) was tetraploid (2n = 144). Conclusively, A. castaneo-viride was revealed to be a hybrid of A. ruprechtii and A. incisum based on evidence involving leaves, spores, epidermal cells, stomata and chromosome number.