• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.43 no.1
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• pp.39-45
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• 2000

The stability of vitamin A, $B_1,\;B_2,\;B_6$, C in aqueous multivitamin solutions was carried out by means of estimation of reaction velocity and the results are described in this paper. The stability of vitamin A, $B_1$ and C due to thermal degradation method in aqueous multivitamin solutions was evaluated at 40, 50, 60 and $70^{\circ}C$ up to 40 days. The shelf-lives of vitamin A, B₁ and C in this preparation, calculated using the Arrhenius equation, were 1493, 449 and 639 days at $25^{\circ}C$ respectively. Examination was made on the effect of initial concentration of vitamin $B_2$$(C_0)$ on light fading of vitamin $B_2$ in aqueous multivitamin solutions and it was found that the fading progressed according to the following formula : $-{\frac {dc}{dt}}=K_c\;{\frac C{C_0}}$ where Kc is apparent light-fading rate constant relate to $C_0$. Photodecomposition of vitamin $B_6$ in aqueous multivitamin solutions was apparently first order kinetics and was stable in polyethylene>brown color>glass container to sunlight. Photodecomposition of vitamin $B_6$ in four seasons also investigated.

• 건강소식
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• v.32 no.5
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• pp.22-23
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• 2008

대부분의 전문가들은 현대병의 주요 원인으로 스트레스, 잘못된 식.생활습관, 영양 불균형을 꼽고 있다. 하지만 정작 이들을 개선하여 건강을 증진하고 약을 덜 먹게 하는 방법에 대해서는 제대로 알려진 정보가 없다. 그 절정이 비타민. 사람들의 생각과는 달리 비타민은 의약품이 아니라, 필수 영양성분이다. 비타민 제대로 알기 그 첫번째 시간으로 종합비타민과 비타민C에 대해 알아본다.

• The Monthly Diabetes
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• s.256
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• pp.38-39
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• 2011

당뇨병환자에서 혈당조절과 합병증 예방에 비타민과 무기질 보충제를 복용하는 것이 도움이 될까? 당뇨병을 완전히 극복하고 싶은 바람에 적지 않은 사람들이 여러 가지 약물에 의존하고 있다. 비타민은 당뇨병에 어떻게 작용하는 지 알아보자.

• Journal of Food Hygiene and Safety
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• v.28 no.4
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• pp.360-366
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• 2013

The objective of this study is to investigate the effect of multivitamin on macrophage activity in Raw 264.7 cell and repeated oral dose toxicity in Sprague-Dawely rat of multivitamin. Raw 264.7 cells were treated with 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ multivitamin for 24 h. To measure the activity of macrophages, NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ assays were performed in Raw 264.7 cells. Treatment with 50 and $100{\mu}g/mL$ multivitamin for 24 h significantly increased production of NO and TNF-${\alpha}$ compared with control groups, indicating activation of macrophages. The female rats were treated with multivitamin of control group, low group (0.24 g/kg), medium group (1 g/kg) and high group (2 g/kg) intragastrically for 4 weeks, respectively. We examined the body weight, the feed intake, the clinical signs and serum biochemical analysis. We also observed the histopathological changes of liver, ovary, brain, adrenal gland, spleen, kidney, heart and lung in rats. No significant differences in body weights, feed intake, biochemical analysis and histopathological observations between control and multivitamin treatment group were found. In conclusion, multivitamin is physiologically safe and improve macrophage activity.

• 보건세계
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• v.51 no.10 s.578
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• pp.19-21
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• 2004

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 2015

Purpose: Despite the popularity of dietary supplements, little data are available on their use by university students. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of vitamin mineral supplements and to identify factors related to supplement use among university students. Methods: University students (N = 345) in Seoul were surveyed. Survey questions included descriptive demographics, types of vitamin and mineral supplements used, health related lifestyle factors, mini dietary assessment, and knowledge and behaviors related to supplement use. Results: Of university students surveyed, 41% consumed vitamin and mineral supplements. Among the supplement users, multivitamins were the most commonly used dietary supplements (68.6%), followed by vitamin C (31.4%) and calcium (17.1%). In particular, the use of vitamin C and iron supplements was more common in females than males (p < 0.05). For the number of supplements taken daily, 32.1% of supplement users consumed 2 or more supplements; 20% of supplement users had almost no knowledge of the supplements being taken. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, supplement use was associated with higher interest in their own health, non-smoker, and supplement use by family (p < 0.05). In addition, supplement use was slightly associated with healthy dietary behavior such as consuming a variety of foods (p = 0.05) and current disease status (p = 0.05). Conclusion: University students with relatively healthy lifestyles appear to take vitamin and mineral supplements, but they had little knowledge of the supplements. Given high prevalence of dietary supplement use among university students, nutrition education regarding supplement use is needed.

• 건강소식
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• v.30 no.6 s.331
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• pp.30-31
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• 2006

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.30-40
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• 1995

The relationship between dietary intake and vitamin/mineral supplement usage was examined in 706 adolescent girls who were high school students. 43.8% of subjects used vitamin/mineral supplements during one year. The higher the family income and parents education level, the higher percentage of vitamin/mineral supplement usage was. But there was no significant difference between grades and scores. And vitamin/mineral supplement usage was higher int he thin and obese groups than the average weight groups. Nutrition knowledge and food habit did not affect vitamin/mineral supplement usage. Calorie intakes of vitamin/mineral supplement users and nonusers were similar. However, independent of the supplements, the diets of supplement nonusers contained significantly more dietary protein, vitamin A, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, vitamin C, and calcium than the diets of the users. A considerable portion of both the users and nonusers had dietary intakes of less than 2/3 of the Recommended Dietary Allowances for vitamin $B_1$, vitamin $B_2$, niacin, calcium, and iron. Vitamin/mineral supplement nonusers generally consumed a more vitamin, mineral from diet. Reasons for taking supplements were to take energy, advice and illness.

• Journal of the korean veterinary medical association
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• v.23 no.8
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• pp.565-567
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• 1987

• Journal of Animal Science and Technology
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• v.51 no.5
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• pp.379-386
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• 2009

The aim of this study was tofind out the effects of supplementation of vitamin A to the diets of high or low amounts of concentrates for ruminants. In the first experiment, ruminal fermentation patterns with the data of pH, VFA production and cellulose disappearance rates in the rumen in vitro were investigated. In the second experiment, enzyme activities, gas production and dry matter degradabilities using cellulolytic bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens were investigated. Ruminal pH was higher in low amounts of concentrates than in high amounts of concentrates as expected, however, no significant differences were found. Cellulose disappearance rates improved in vitamin A addition particularly in early incubation time (before 24h) and also the production of volatile fatty acids increased in vitamin A addition. These trends were more evident in diets containing high amounts of concentrates than in low amounts of concentrates and it may indicate that vitamin A is more required in the diets of high amounts of concentrates. In the second experiment, gas production, enzyme activities and dry matter degradabilities using cellulolytic bacteria, Ruminococcus flavefaciens were not different between vitamin A added and non-added diets. Ruminococcus flavefaciens may not require additional vitamin A for its own growth.