• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.49 no.4
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• pp.357-362
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• 2010

Soybean seed injury was analyzed in the experiments in which the bean bug, Riptortus pedestris(Hemiptera: Alydidae), was released into screen-caged pots containing full seed stage(R6) of soybean. When the different stages of insects, from the 3rd instar nymphs to adults, were released into pots during 8 days in soybean R6 stage, soybean seeds with injury marks (B-type seeds) increased. The weight reduction ratio in B-type seeds was highest in the injury by the 5th instar nymphs, while the daily-produced number ratio of B-type seeds was small in the treatment. In the injury by the different number of adult released into pots, 4, 8, 16 adults caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while 16 adults caused the significant increase of the deformed (C-type) seeds. In the injury by the different release period of adults, the total number of pods was not significantly different among treatments, while the total seed number harvested was significantly small in the release for 48 days. The release for 8 and 16 days caused a significant increase of B-type seeds, while the release for 48 days caused the increase of C-type seeds. The results indicated that injury of soybean R6 stage by the bean bug produced soybean seeds with distinct injury marks at relatively low density and during short term attack period, while it produced deformed seeds at high density and during long attack period.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.4
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• pp.533-541
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• 1995

The leakage characteristics of electrical conductivity, inorganic constituents-K, Ca, Mg and Na, total sugar and total amino acid from the exudates of some vegetable seeds of viable and non-viable(artificially aged) were quantified to get basic information about the detection of the non-viable seeds. The crops studied were radish, cabbage, broccoli, onion and carrot. The time course electrolyte leakage was different from viable and non-viable seed of cruciferae but not sensitive in onion and carrot seed In inorganic constituents, potassium leakage was the greatest amount and difference between viable and non-viable seeds, but Ca, Mg and Na leakages were not as much differences as potassium. Total sugar as glucose and total amino acid as glycin leaked a lot more in aged radish, cabbage and broccoli seed than non-aged seed and the large differences were appeared after 4 hour imbibition. As a results, in general the leakages from the aged seeds were greater than from the non-aged seeds in most components tested but they were varied depending on species or varieties and components.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.112 no.4
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• pp.442-450
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• 2023

This study sought to determine the desiccation tolerance and storage behavior of Sarcandra glabra seeds to assist in the establishment of an ex-situ conservation strategy for the species. The basic germination characteristics of S. glabra seeds were investigated. Subsequently, the seeds were dried to various desiccation levels to allow for analysis of their germination characteristics and seed integrity. In addition, the seeds were subjected to germination tests after being stored for different durations. The initial seed moisture content following the removal of the fleshy fruit was 32.8%, and the fresh seeds maintained their seed viability even after a decrease in the seed moisture content to 4.8%, while the germination percentage was 81.0%. The germination percentage of the seeds decreased to 55.0% and 30.0% when they were desiccated to moisture contents of 2.3% and 2.2%, respectively. By contrast, when the stored seeds were desiccated, they maintained their seed viability and vigor at a moisture content of 18.6%; however, when the moisture content decreased below 5.0%, both the seed viability and vigor significantly declined and the germination percentage fell below 20.0%. Furthermore, analysis of the seed leachate revealed that the decrease in the seed viability and vigor was associated with both increased electrical conductivity and increased concentrations of inorganic compounds such as potassium and calcium. In conclusion, the findings of this study show S. glabra seeds to possess desiccation tolerance that falls somewhere between the recalcitrant and intermediate seed types, with the observed variations depending on the degree of deterioration.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.428-432
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• 2003

This study was carried out to develop and investigate integrated mechanization system for culture of carrot. Compared with the conventional hand planting, use of a mechanical planter for pelleted seeds resulted in a saving of planting time by 225 hours. An additional saving of 460 hours was obtained for thinning the seedlings. Besides seeds could be saved by 72%, planting and thinning be done only in 35 hours per ha field when the pelleted seeds were planted with a planter. Work hour reduced by adopting the mechanical planting of pelleted seeds sharply contrasted to that of 720 hours required for hand-planting the thinning hours, resulting in a reduction of labor by more than 95%. SMP followed pelleting tended not only to increase the percentage of seedling emergence in the field but to induce an a day earlier germination.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.465-472
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• 1994

To improve the germination performance of rice seeds under suboptimal temperature, osmopriming with PEG-6000 was examined. Optimal PEG-6000 concentration to improve germination was 20% PEG-6000 solution, and rice cultivars used in this experiment were Sinunbongbyeo, Gancheokbyeo, Dongjinbyeo. The water content of seeds after soaking for 60 hours in the PEG solution is similar to that of seeds after soaking for 24 hours in the distilled water. Germination performance of the soaked seeds in the PEG solution was higher than that of the soaked seeds in the distilled water or the control, especially under suboptimal temperatures. Electrical conductivity of the soaked seeds in the PEG solution was lower than that of the soaked seeds in the distilled water or the control, and total dehydrogenase activity of the soaked seeds in the PEG solution was higher than that of the soaked seeds in the distilled water or the control. SDS-PAGE results of soluble protein from the embryos of seeds primed differently showed darker band in the seeds soaked in the PEG solution than the seeds soaked in the distilled water or the control at the 68 KD region. Also, band patterns of peroxidase and esterase of embryos soaked in the PEG solution were darked than that of embryos soaked in the distilled water or the control at the Rf 0.94 and Rf 0.87, respectively.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Agricultural Machinery Conference
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• 2002.02a
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• pp.236-241
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• 2002

진공노즐방식의 파종기로 파종작업할 경우 박과채소의 대목으로 사용되고 있는 대립종자들의 최대파종율을 얻기위하여 참박, 특토좌, 흑종호박 종자에 대한 파종시험을 실시하였다. 1) 적정한 노즐구경과 홉착부압은 참박종자가 1.5mm, 7.97kPa, 특토좌종자가 1.5mm, 10.63kPa, 흑종호박종자가 2.0mm, 5.31kPa과 1.5mm, 13.28kPa로 나타났다. 2) 최적작동조건에서 참박종자, 특토좌종자 및 흑종호박 종자의 최대 파종율은 97.6%, 98.8% 및 97.6%로 나타났다. 3) 종자가 커지고 무거워짐에 따라 노즐의 구경이 큰 것이 유리한 것으로 나타났는데, 대목으로 사용되는 종자에서는 1.5mm노즐을 범용으로 사용가능하다는 결론을 얻었다. 4) 노즐개수가 많아지면 부착압력이 낮을 경우에는 파종율에 차이가 있었지만 부착압력이 높아지게 되면 파종율의 차이는 약간 낮아졌다. 5) 참박, 특토좌, 흑종호박 종자의 최대파종율을 나타내는 흡착부압 P = η.4W/$\pi$d$^2$로 나타낼 수 있고 여유계수 η ≒ 10으로 나타났다.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.32 no.3
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• pp.268-276
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• 1987

Five soybean varieties were used to measure seed vigor according to the artificially different deterioration. A vigor index derived from the product of percent germination x hypocotyllength was used as the parameter in comparison of other tests for seed vigor. There were the varietal differences in initial vigor. The warm germination test was the best measurement for seed vigor at the advanced stages of seed deterioration. All other vigor measurements, except ATP and GADA measurements, showed highly significant correlations with the vigor index. Hypocotyl length, conductivity index and cold germination measurements for seed vigor were appropriate for predicting seed quality.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.39 no.5
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• pp.473-479
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• 1994

A seed coating system was developed to screen non-viable seeds in the Brassicaceae. The crops studied were radish, chinese cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower and brussel sprout. Sinapine leaked more from artificially deteriorated seeds than non-deteriorated seeds. Seed coating with cellulose was to trap the sinapine leakage in the non-viable Brassicaceae vegetable seeds. The seeds were first hydrated, then coated with cellulose powder to capture the leakage. Coated seeds were dried, then sorted two fractions-fluorescent seeds and non-fluorescent seeds under the UV light. The ratio of the fluorescent seeds were higher in bad seedlot than good one. The germination rate were increased 3∼35% by eliminating the fluorescent seeds in tested Brassica vegetable seeds. Sowing non-fluorescent seeds resulted in a greater percent normal seedling than non-coated seeds in all seedlots. The fluorescent seeds contained a high percentage of the dead and abnormal seedlings.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.111 no.3
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• pp.418-427
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• 2022

Our aim was to evaluate the quality of pine seeds after long-term storage and to analyze the correlation between germination and physiological characteristics. Therefore, we investigated the germination and physiological characteristics of seeds stored for different periods and storage temperatures. Pine seeds lost little viability and vigor after 12 years of storage at 4℃; it is even possible to prolong the storage period at -18℃. The deterioration process operating through long-term storage was characterized by a loss of seed vigor before a loss in seed viability. Electrical conductivity of the seed leachate was significantly higher in seeds that completely lost their viability, and was also found to be significantly correlated with the germination percentage, T50, mean germination time, and germination speed. Among the minerals leaked to the leachate, K had the highest concentration, followed by Na, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Fe, while Mn and Zn were not detected. Concentrations of K, Ca, Cu, Mg, and Fe in the leachate differed significantly by treatment, and in the cases of K, Ca, Cu, Na, and Mg, we observed large differences in the leachate between the seeds that were collected in 2003 and those collected in other years.. Germination percentage was significantly negatively correlated to the concentrations of Ca, Cu, K, Mg, and Na. The coefficient of uniformity of germination was significantly negatively correlated to Cu concentration. The other germination characteristics were not significantly correlated with the mineral concentration. Therefore, the mineral concentrations of pine seed leachate were not reliable indicators of seed deterioration when the differences in quality between seed lots were small. However, electrical conductivity could be an indicator of seed viability and vigor of pine seeds under long-term storage.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.31 no.1
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• pp.45-52
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• 2004

Bakanae Disease is an abnormal plant growth caused by Gibberella fujikuroi. The infected plants several inches taller than normal plants in seedbed and field. To control bakanae disease, we made a seed disinfectant from garlic extract. And we isolated allicin($C_6H_{10}OS_2$) from garlic extract and the content was 0.62%. In order to develop efftive seed disinfectant from Garlic extract, we compared it with three seed disinfectants(benomyl, prochloraz, fludioxonil). Prochloraz, fludioxonil and Garlic wettable powder controlled Bakanae disease of rice very well, while benomyl did not suppress the disease enough. Water temperature was turned to be an important factor for controlling the disease by treating seed disinfectants. It was confirmed that the seed disinfectant from garlic extract can be used as non-toxic agricultural medicines.