• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.2
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• pp.247-256
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• 2012

We evaluated the landscape ecological value of selected minefields and wetland patches as a habitat of the forest bird community. The avian fauna of three minefields of 8.5ha, 17.4ha, and 40.6ha were evaluated by comparing that of three control sites of mountain area. Average number of forest bird species, number of individuals, species diversity index, species richness, and species evenness were analyzed according to the size of patch and environmental characteristics such as the presence of wetland and connectivity. Community similarity was evaluated between test and control plots. Avian fauna can be summarized as follows. First, 63 species were recorded, and the sum of maximum counts was 828 individuals. Species diversity index was 3.8, and the species richness was 9.2. Species evenness was 93.3. Second, small, isolated forest patch had a low average number of species and individuals as expected. But, small forest patches with streams had higher bird density than patches without water surface. Third, forest patches with marsh wetland were evaluated as lower habitat quality than forest patches with stream wetland in terms of the number of bird species per unit area, number of individuals per unit area, species diversity index, species richness index, and species evenness. Finally, Community similarity of the small forest patches with streams was similar with large connected forest. As a result, lowland forest patch was shown the good quality for the forest bird community in spite of small extents, and community structure was similar with mountain forest bird community. Thus, riparian forest restoration could improve the biodiversity of the forest bird community.

• The Korean Journal of Ecology
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.283-295
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• 2002

The number of species and individvals of birds observed in Bibong, Chinju-castle, Nosan and Saho parks were 49 and 4,349, 46 and 6,453, 37 and 2,817, and 33 and 6,014, nespectively The dominant species in all survey areas were shown in the order of Passer montanus(21.8%), Aegithalos spp.(20.7%), Pica pica(8.7%), Hypsipetes amaurotis(7.6%), Parus major(6.4%), Carduelis spp.(4.6%). Migration of birds was the order of residents, summer visitor, winter visitor, and passage migrant. The number of bird species appeared was the fewest in winter as 40 species and the most in spring as 53 species. Species diversity was the highest in Bibong park as 1.3256 and followed in the order of Sanho park, Nosan park, and Chinju-castle park. The nesting guild was higher at outside and artificial nesting guild(7-15 species) compared with hole, canopy, bush nesting guild(1-7 species) in all survey areas. The breeding forage guild was higher at canopy and bush(12-25 species) than that at outside, artificial, and air forage guild(2-8 species).

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.10 no.2
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• pp.270-282
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• 1997

This investgation was performed to provide basic data for the management program of the Soraksan national park. Sixty plots were set up and surveyed in the Sinhungsa-Wasondae Area. The vegetation was divided into two communities, Pinus densiflora community and Quercus serrata community, according to the analysis of DCA ordination. It was found out that the succession of the Pinus densiflora comunity would proceed to Quercus serrata community of which components was dominant in understory layer and shrub layer. And it was found out that in the Quercus serrata community the Pinus densiflora being mainly big size in DBH would becomr dominant comtinuously. Shannon's diversity of both community were 1.2554 and 1.1134 respectively. The numbers of woody species per 100m$^{2}$ ranged 7 to 26, and the average number of woody species was 13.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.516-524
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• 2015

This study was characteristics of bird community conducted to from 2009 to 2010 in Sihwa South Grassland, Gyeonggi-do, Korea. Total 49 species were recorded and the sum of maximum counts was 2,258 individuals. Species diversity was 2.21 and the species richness was 6.22. In South Reclaimed, we recorded maximum score of 38 species. and maximum score of 1,083 individuals in Dinosaur Egg Fossil. Comparison between areas were use average species diversity and species richness. Mostly Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were higher than Sihwa Lake upstream. As a results of the ANOVA test, all areas were different. also, Sihwa Lake upstream only difference was that the bird community. In the season there was a significant difference between the Number of species and species richness. Number of species and species richness were significant differences depending on the season. but individuals and species diversity were no significant differences. In the year there was a no significant difference between the Number of species and individuals. but species diversity and species richness were significant differences. As a result, Between areas was different patterns of bird communities. but including water space Dinosaur Egg Fossil and South Reclaimed were showed a similar bird communities and bird diversity was higher. In the season, the resident was using of consistent patterns. but, There were differences depending on the migratory patterns of populations. In the year, every year was communities of a similar patterns. Sihwa South Grassland is of the high conservation value ecosystem as the only domestic. Propose an opinion for maintaining biodiversity when planning future habitat composition and environmental decrease.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.25 no.5
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• pp.533-538
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• 2015

Four sites and one site were used to analyze fish diversity at the water systems of the Sineun reservoir and the Jeonchon reservoir, respectively. The field experiments were conducted to test the density dependence that could lead to population regulation by artificial inferences and environmental changes. We examined the effects of environmental factors on fish densities using SMATR freeware. It was estimated to be reduced to the density effect at four sites in 2012. Shannon-Weaver indices of the diversity (H’) of the Sineun reservoir were similar to those of the Jeonchon reservoir. Species diversity was in a range of 0.645 to 2.105. The H’ value of the upper region was higher than those of middle and low regions were, and values of richness were lower in downstream than upstream. Using the maximum likelihood solution for the removal estimators of two low regions of the river stations, the estimated migration probabilities from the resident fish to the migrated fish for five species (Cyprinus cuvieri, Carassius auratus, Pseudorasbora parva, Misgurnus mizolepis, and Oryzias latipes) had a mean of 0.623. Especially, migration probabilities from the Jeonchon reservoir to the Sineun reservoir for five species were high (a mean of 0.681). The period of migration was suggested to be about one month because of short geographical distances (50 m). We found no significant difference between the three categories in the distribution of the other four species, indicating the species probability was similar among stations.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.684-693
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• 2017

The purpose of this study was to analyze fish communities in the Wonju stream located in Wonju-si in Gangwon-do, and to evaluate the health of the stream through past and present changes. We performed investigations four times from May 2015 to September 2016. In the survey, 5,201 individuals which belonged to 27 species and 9 families were collected. Zacco platypus was the dominant species and Pungtungia herziwas the subdominant species. Eight Korean endemic species (Acanthorhodeus gracilis, Zacco koreanus, Coreoleuciscus splendidus, Squalidus gracilis majimae, Microphysogobio yaluensis, Iksookimia koreensis, Koreocobitis rotundicaudata, Coreoperca herzi) were observed and showed a ratio of 16.54%. The fish community of dominance ($0.72{\pm}0.10$), diversity ($1.37{\pm}0.32$), evenness ($0.61{\pm}0.13$), and richness ($1.70{\pm}0.23$) were evaluated. According to our analysis of tolerance guilds, the total individual number of intermediate species was higher than the sensitive and tolerant species. As a result of the trophic guild analysis,the omnivore and insectivore species were relatively high. The value of the qualitative habitat evaluation index (QHEI) in the wonju stream was averaged 121.2 (${\pm}23.4$), indicating a suboptimal condition. Stream health showed that the fish assessment index (FAI) value was an A to C grade in the Wonju stream. A correlation coefficient analysis with FAI and various factors was analysed statistically, and had a high correlation in QHEI, with the omnivore species, insectivore species, intermediate species, sensitive species, dominance, diversity, evenness, and richness.

• Korean journal of applied entomology
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• v.50 no.2
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• pp.83-96
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• 2011

This study was conducted to investigate the influence of natural degrading polymer film covering in rice paddies on the benthic macroinvertebrate community structure in Dangsu-dong, Suwon, Gyeonggi-do from May 2009 to September 2009. We compared 5 treatments: golden apple snail farming (GF), natural degrading polymer film + organic farming (NOF), natural degrading polymer film + chemical farming (NCF), conventional farming (CF), and no fertilization (NF) as the control. The total number of species was highest in NOF followed by GF, NF, NCF, and CF. The total number of individuals was highest in NOF followed by NCF, CF, NF, and GF. The Dominance index (DI) ranged from 0.43 to 0.95. The highest dominance index was in GF followed by NCF, NF=CF, and NOF. The species diversity index (H') for each experimental plot ranged from 0.49 to 2.93. The average species diversity index was highest in NOF followed by NF, GF, CF, and NCF. After the natural degrading polymer film covered the paddies, the benthic macroinvertebrates tended to recover, but leeches and aquatic beetles increased. Mollusca and Annelida, which are sensitive taxa, decreased in both species and individual numbers after the soil was covered with the natural degrading polymer film. The number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals continued to decrease.d, especially individuals. Since then, the number of species tended to recover. However, the number of individuals decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environment and Ecology
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.313-321
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• 2012

To analyze the bird communities by the land use type, we surveyed 43 plots in Siheung City, Korea from Mar. 2009 to Feb. 2010 and classified the community by TWINSPAN and DCA. Classification result by TWINSPAN was classified into 4 communities. In the first division, waterbirds, such as spot-billed duck(Anas poecilorhyncha) and great egret(Egretta alba) operated as the differential species. In the second and third division, little grebe(Tachybaptus ruficollis) and eurasian sparrow(Passer montanus) were operated as the differential species. The relationship between land use types and classified bird communities, all plots of community I were located in the forest. Community II plots were contained all urban and several semi-natural land use types. Community III contains stream and rice paddy. Plots in the reservoir were classified community IV. The stream and rice paddy were classified into different communities, which were colsely related with the size of wetland paddy. Community III had the highest species diversity index and community II had lowest. Community III also had the highest maximum species diversity index and evenness index. The result of this study, small stream and small rice paddy located within the city have insignificant characteristics as the habitat for birds. Management size of semi-natural land use for wildbird habitat in the urban area should be considered for showing their habitat characteristics. If the classification of biotope type based on the scale of rice paddy and urban park and the type of landuse type in the riverside then we should be consider the standard of minium area.

• Journal of Korean Society of Forest Science
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• v.101 no.3
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• pp.454-460
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• 2012

This study was conducted for determining the influence of Sediment Control Dam dredging on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in mountain stream of Gyeongsangbuk-do. The sediment control dams were surveyed before and after dredging from mountain streams of Yecheon, Yeongju and Bonghwa in Northern part of Gyeongsangbuk-do. Sampling was taken at upper and down from 3 experimental sites and 2 control sites during May to August 2011. The identified species before dredging were 56 belonged to 31 families, 11 orders, 6 classes and 4 phyla, but after dredging it has decreased to 51 species belonged to 27 families, 10 orders, 5 classes and 4 phyla. The microhabitat damage of benthic macroinvertebrates occurred at experimental sites after dredging of sediment control dams led to reduction of the number of species and individuals. Especially, upper stream of experimental sites showed the reduction of an average of 38% species. In general, species diversity indices and species richness indices decreased after dredging; however, dominance indices increased at experimental sites. In the upper stream of experimental sites, the microhabitat damaged and became pool due to dredging. Also, velocity of flow decreased and the river bed became simply due to the sedimentary matter being finer than sand and silt. As a result, composition of functional feeding groups and functional feeding groups were relatively simpler at upper stream and the degree of community differences was greater between upper and down stream. Also, Chironomidae spp., Ephemeridae spp., and Gomphidae spp. to prefer where slow velocity of flow and lentic increased in a greater rate, and the EPT/C index to indicate the balance of the community decreased.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Biology
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• v.27 no.1
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• pp.6-19
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• 2009

We investigated the macrozoobenthos at major two harbors of Korea in July and August 2007 in order to check the changes in the species composition due to the invasive species and to make a species inventory at each harbor system. At the Incheon Harbor, a total of 88 species was sampled with abundance of 3,212 ind. m$^{-2}$ and biomass of 239 g m$^{-2}$. The most dominant species was Tharyx sp. belong to polychaete taxa, followed by Chaetozone setosa in the harbor area. The dominant species of outer area were Musculus senhousia and Sternaspis scutata. The diversity index ranged between 0.9$\sim$2.4, and evenness index between 0.3$\sim$0.9, and richness index between 1.8$\sim$3.9. Benthic pollution index ranged between 16$\sim$74. The highest benthic pollution index was at station 4. On the other hand the lowest value was at station 6, where a large amount of M. senhousia belong to mollusca occurred. At the Busan Harbor, a total of 89 species was sampled with density of 1,845 ind. m$^{-2}$ and biomass of 133.6 g m$^{-2}$ in August 2007. The most dominant species was Tharyx sp., followed by M. japonica and Cirratulus cirrata within harbor area. M. japonica was dominant species in the outer area. The diversity index ranged between 0.7$\sim$2.2, evenness index between 0.3$\sim$1.0, and richness index between 1.1$\sim$4.1. Benthic pollution index ranged between 31$\sim$90. The lowest benthic pollution index was found at site 2 within harbor area.