• The Journal of Korean Institute of Electromagnetic Engineering and Science
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• v.19 no.1
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• pp.79-86
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• 2008

This paper presents to improve of isolation characteristics between personal communication service(PCS) antenna In mobile terminal and 2-channel multi input multi output(MIMO) antenna in the wireless broadband Internet(WiBro) band. In order to improve the isolation between each channel antenna, the proposed PCS antenna with an air space of 3 mm height is located on the projected ground plane($25{\times}12mm$) which is very small space$(0.19{\lambda})$ between the 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna. The proposed PCS antenna structure is a modified planar inverted F antenna (PIFA) of spiral type with shorting strip line(6${\times}$4 mm). The calculated Isolation values between the proposed PIFA with 3-dimensional structure and the MIMO antenna at Wibro band are about -20dB below and agree well with the measurement. Measured return loss, bandwidth, and gain o# the proposed antenna are -20dB at 1.8GHz, 110MHz(1.76${\sim}$1.87 GHz) band at -10dB below, and 0.05dBi, respectively, Moreover, we confirm that the proposed PCS antenna has no influence on performance and characteristics of the conversional 2-channel WiBro-MIMO antenna.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.422.2-422.2
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• 2014

가스장 이온원(GFIS: Gas Field Ionization Source)은 전자현미경보다 분해능이 향상된 이온현미경의 광원으로 사용하기 위하여 연구되고 있고, 큰 각전류 밀도, 작은 크기의 가상 이온원 그리고 좁은 에너지 퍼짐을 특징으로 한다. 여러 가지 장점을 가지고 있는 GFIS을 개발하기 위해서는 GFIS에서 발생된 이온빔의 형상을 관찰 것이 매우 중요하며, 이러한 관찰을 위한 시스템에는 주로 마이크로 채널 플레이트 (MCP: Micro Channel Plate)가 사용된다. MCP는 채널내부에 입사한 입자의 에너지에 의해서 생성된 이차전자를 수 천 배에서 수 백 만 배 이상 증폭시켜 형광판에 조사하고 발광시키는 방법으로 작은 신호를 영상으로 관찰 할 수 있도록 한다. MCP의 큰 증폭비는 작은 크기의 신호를 큰 신호로 증폭하여 관찰하는데 용이하여, GFIS 방법으로 생성된 이온빔(이온빔 전류 값은 pA 수준)을 관찰하기에 적합하다. 그러나 MCP를 이용하여도 증폭된 이온빔의 세기가 매우 작기때문에 생성된 이온빔 형상을 정확하게 관찰하기 위해서는 MCP의 형광판을 촬영하는 카메라 노출시간을 길게하여 데이터 수집 시간을 늘려야 하는 문제가 있다. 본 발표에서는 이온빔 형상 관찰에 소요되는 시간을 단축하기 위하여 MCP의 잡음이 GFIS의 이온빔 이미지 관찰에 미치는 영향을 분석하고 이를 제거 방법을 소개한다. 본 연구에서는 GFIS 방출 이온빔의 이미지에 포함된 MCP 잡음 특성을 장(전계)이온현미경 (Field Ion Microscope)실험을 통하여 분석하였고, 디지털 이미지 처리 방법을 이용하여 방출 이온빔 이미지에서 MCP 잡음을 제거하여 방출 이온빔 이미지만 추출할 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 제안한 방법을 GFIS 방출 이온빔 관찰시스템에 적용함으로써 기존 방법에 비해 노출시간을 단축하여 방출 이온빔을 관찰 할 수 있었으며, 노이즈 제거 효과로 향상된 이온빔 형상을 얻을 수 있었다. 본 연구결과의 관찰시간 단축과 향상된 이온빔 형상 획득은 이온현미경 개발에 필수적인 단원자 이온빔을 보다 효율적으로 개발할 수 있으며 디지털 이미지 처리로 GFIS 이온빔 생성을 자동화하는데 응용할 수 있다. 더불어 기존방법에 비해 이미지 획득을 위한 MCP의 노출시간을 단축할 수 있으므로 실험장비 수명 단축 방지 및 관리에 큰 장점이 있다.

• Geophysics and Geophysical Exploration
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.116-131
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• 2019

In order to obtain high-quality high-resolution marine seismic data, the survey needs to be carried out at very low-sea condition. However, the survey is often performed with a slight wave, which degrades the quality of data. In this case, it is possible to improve the quality of seismic data by detecting the exact location of the sea bottom signal and eliminating the influence of waves or swells automatically during data processing. However, if noise is included or the sea bottom signal is weakened due to sea waves, sea bottom detection errors are likely to occur. In this study, we applied a method reducing such errors by estimating the sea bottom location, setting a narrow detection range and detecting the sea bottom location within this range. The expected location of the sea bottom was calculated using previously detected sea bottom locations for each channel of multi-channel data. The expected location calculated in each channel is also compared and verified with expected locations of other channels in a shot gather. As a result of applying this method to the noisy 8-channel high-resolution air-gun seismic data acquired off Yeosu, the errors in selecting the strong noise before sea bottom or the strong subsurface reflected signal after the sea bottom signal are remarkably reduced and it is possible to produce the high-quality seismic section with the correction of ~ 2.5 m swell effect.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.22 no.6
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• pp.1-10
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• 2021

The interest in underwater acoustic sensor networks (UWASNs), along with the rapid development of underwater industries, has increased. To operate UWASNs efficiently, it is important to adopt well-designed medium access control (MAC) protocols that prevent collisions and allow the sharing of resources between nodes efficiently. On the other hand, underwater channels suffer from a narrow bandwidth, long propagation delay, and low data rate, so existing terrestrial node pairing schemes for non orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) cannot be applied directly to underwater environments. Therefore, a multi-dimensional node pairing scheme is proposed to consider the unique underwater channel in UWASNs. Conventional NOMA schemes have considered the channel quality only in node pairing. Unlike previous schemes, the proposed scheme considers the channel gain and many other features, such as node fairness, traffic load, and the age of data packets to find the best node-pair. In addition, the sender employs a list of candidates for node-pairs rather than path loss to reduce the computational complexity. The simulation results showed that the proposed scheme outperforms the conventional scheme by considering the fairness factor with 23.8% increases in throughput, 28% decreases in latency, and 5.7% improvements in fairness at best.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea TC
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• v.45 no.11
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• pp.61-68
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• 2008

In this paper, we propose a RF front-end developments for vehicle UWB radar systems. UWB systems have a very narrow pulse width that is below 1ns. Therefore, UWB is designed to have broadband quality of low power several GHz and must coexist with the radio communication system. UWB's advantages include high channel capacity and data rate, because precise resolution for multi-path can easily position estimate and Rake receiver. Also, UWB has low interference because it displays broadband quality of low power. Positioning is made possible by short range accuracy, which can reduce the expense of system design. An RF front-end module is designed using the DCR(Direct ConveRsion) method and is composed in RF for vehicles at a low-cost.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.79-86
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• 2015

Recently, broadcasting environment is dramatically changed due to adopt digital method in broadcasting technology. numerous country is adopting technology for converting analog to digital. However, in the case of South Korean, standard is still indefinite. In this paper, when it broadcast using DAB system, in oder to avoid interference caused by the frequency resource shortage, DAB system is substituted narrow bandwidth DRM+ system. Therefore it considers the way that solve interference. Interference analysis simulation result shows to solve high interference area in DAB environment

• Journal of Advanced Navigation Technology
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• v.16 no.3
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• pp.471-479
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• 2012

In cellular femto systems, femto Base stations(f-BSs) can be installed unnecessarily and overcrowded in small areas. This will cause an interference problem and it can impact on the capacity, blocking probability, and coverage of femtocells in the shared channel systems. In this paper, we propose a load distribution scheme by using forced handover and probabilistic subchannel scheduling policy to resolve the problem. The proposed scheme operates in distributed manner though communication with neighboring f-BSs, and includes self-detection of overcrowded area and radio resource management based on measurements. We evaluate the performance of the proposed scheme in terms of average cell throughput and average throughput per users.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.33 no.7
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• pp.527-534
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• 2009

Flame stabilization characteristics were experimentally investigated in a fuel-air cross flowing mixing layer. A combustor consists of a narrow channel of air steam and a cross flowing fuel. Depending on the flow rates of methane and air, flame can be stabilized in two modes. First is an attached flame which is formulated at the backward step where the methane and air streams meet. Second is a lifted-flame which is formulated within the mixing layer far down steam from backward step. The heights and flame widths of the lifted flames were measured. Flame shapes of the lifted flames were similar to an ordinary edge flame or a tribrachial flame, and their behavior could be explained with the theories of an edge flame. With the increase of the mixing time between fuel and air, the fuel concentration gradient decreases and the flame propagation velocity increases. Thus the flame is stabilized where the flow velocity is matched to the flame propagation velocity in spite of a significant disturbance in the fuel mixing and heat loss within the channel. This study provides many experimental results for a higher fuel concentration gradient, and it can also be helpful for the development and application of a smaller combustor.

• The Journal of Korean Institute of Communications and Information Sciences
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• v.31 no.9C
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• pp.859-868
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• 2006

H.264에서 다중참조 프레임을 사용한 움직임 예측 방법은 단일 참조프레임을 이용한 움직임 예측보다 더 많은 시간적 중복성을 제거하여 부호화 효율을 높이거나 채널에러에 강인하게 부호화하기 위해 사용된다. 하지만 다중 참조 프레임을 이용하여 움직임 예측을 하는 것은 단일의 참조 프레임을 이용하는 것보다 많은 계산량을 요구하기 때문에 비디오 인코더의 복잡도를 증가시키게 된다. 본 논문에서는 다중참조 프레임을 사용한 움직임 예측을 화질 열화 없이 적은 복잡도로서 가능하게 하는 알고리즘을 제안한다. 움직임 예측 절차의 복잡도를 줄이기 위해, 제안한 알고리즘에서는 연속되는 프레임 사이에 구성된 움직임 벡터맵을 이용하여 움직임벡터를 추정한다. 제안한 방식은 추정된 움직임벡터를 작은 탐색영역에서 보정하는 방식을 적용하기 때문에 기존의 방식들에 비해 적은 복잡도가 요구된다. 제안된 방법으로 추정된 움직임벡터는 각 참조프레임들에 대해 최적의 움직임 벡터를 효과적으로 추적하기 때문에 부호화 된 영상의 화질은 전 탐색영역 움직임 예측 알고리즘을 이용한 결과와 매우 비슷하다. 제안된 방식은 세가지 단계로 구성된다. (a) 연속되는 두 개의 프레임 사이에 벡터맵을 구성한다. (b) 벡터맵에 있는 요소벡터를 이용하여 시간적 움직임 벡터를 구성한다. (c) 마지막으로, 임시 움직임 벡터를 좁은 탐색영역에서 보정한다. 컴퓨터 실험을 통해 제안된 방식의 효율성을 입증하였다. 제안된 방식과 기존의 방식들과의 비교를 위해 H.264 부호화기에서 움직임 예측 모듈에 의해 소비된 CPU 시간을 측정하였다. 컴퓨터 실험을 통해 알 수 있듯이 제안된 방식에 의해 부호화된 영상의 화질은 기존 방식과 을 통해 얻은 영상화질과 거의 같으면서 알고리즘 복잡도는 크게 줄어드는 것을 볼 수 있다.

• Journal of Korea Multimedia Society
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.9-17
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• 2012

Recently, a new image appearance model, named iCAM06, was developed for High-Dynamic-Range (HDR) image rendering. The dynamic range of a HDR image needs to be mapped on the range of output devices, which is called the tone reproduction or tone mapping. The iCAM06, the representative HDR rendering algorithm also uses the tone compression using a S-curve mapping function for image reproduction on the dynamic range of output devices. However the iCAM06 occurs white point shift during its tone compression process. Therefore, we propose a compensation method for white point shift problem using the corrected channel gain function. Experiment results show that the proposed method has better performance than the iCAM06.