• Research in Plant Disease
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.18-24
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• 2016

This study was conducted to elucidate the cultural and pathogenic characteristics of Cladosporium cucumerinum PT1 and resistance of 81 commercial cucumbers (Cucumis sativus). Cucumber leaves and fruits appeared as scab were collected from a plastic film house located in Pyeongtaek, Gyeonggi-province, Korea in late March, 2015. A casual fungus was isolated from the diseased fruits on potato dextrose agar and it was identified as C. cucumerinum PT1 based on the morphological characteristics. To find out the effect of wounding and fruit size on the development of cucumber scab, small (<10 cm long), medium (10 to 20 cm long), and large (>20 cm long, commercially mature fruit) size cucumber fruits were harvested, C. cucumerinum PT1 pathogens were inoculated with a single droplet of suspension ($1{\times}10^5$ spores/ml) on wounded or unwounded cucumber fruits. Small fruits were completely damaged with showing severe water-soaking symptoms and fast pathogen growth regardless of wounded or unwounded. Meanwhile slight water-soaking symptoms on medium and large size fruits occurred and disease development into plant tissues was observed only on wounded fruits. Disease resistance of 81 commercial cucumber cultivars was evaluated on third-stage seedlings and small fruits by inoculating suspension ($1{\times}10^5$ spores/ml) of C. cucumerinum PT1. As a result, mini and pickling cultivar groups were resistant, 'Cheoeumcheoreom' cultivar was symptomless and the other cultivars were resistant to medium resistant. On the other hand, most of cucumber cultivars belonging to the other groups were susceptible. Disease resistance of cucumber against cucumber scab was significantly different among cultivars and a few cucumber cultivars showed different disease resistant responses to two bioassay methods using seedlings and small fruits. Therefore, to screen scab resistance in cucumber, a test using both fruits and seedlings is advisable. We think that the selected resistant cultivars can be used to control cucumber scab effectively under the farmhouse condition.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.25-30
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• 2013

Purpose: To evaluate kidney function, renal relative uptake is very important and is affected by kidney and the setting of background region of interest (ROI). In particular, in the case of patients with hydronephrosis to the naked eyes, such as size, position and shape etc. can be difficult to identify. So according to ROI to be set by user, the results are many differences. This study assumes the ROI of a constant kidney. According to the change of background ROI by analyzing renal relative uptake affect how the results are intended to study. Materials and Methods: From January 2012 to February 2013, we analyzed 27 patients with hydronephrosis who were examined MAG3 test in nuclear medicine department of Samsung medical center. After patients were received intravenous injection of $^{99m}Tc-MAG3$ 185 MBq (5 mCi) data were obtained. While we reconstructed images of patients, we've changed background ROI in the process of setting up ROI. First, in the process of renal processing, automatic ROI which set automatically and background ROI which needed to set manually were compared. Second, we set the ROI position separated by above, lateral and bottom of kidney. Third, background setting time were compared with 1-2 min and 2-3 min. Results: The relative uptake occurred in 3.7%p of the errors on average in Automatic & Manual ROI study. And comparison of background ROI position study, located in the lower position was more accurate results. Above, lateral, bottom each of the values 74.6%, 67.6% and 62.0% showed respectively. The standard value was 59.9%. finally, split function range test doesn't show significant difference. Conclusion: The study shows that relative uptake of kidney is affected in the background ROI. Therefore, it should be set by considering various dependent factors.

• Journal of Animal Environmental Science
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• v.8 no.1
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• pp.9-16
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• 2002

This study was conducted to develope the new solid separating system which can be efficiently and economically removed the solid parts in high pollutants concentration of pig slurry. The pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$ , COD and SS of the slurry used in this study was 15,990($\pm$2,389)mg/l, 20,004($\pm$5,512)mg/l and 26,486($\pm$5,935)mg/l, respectively. After removal of solid part in slurry, the pollutants concentration, BOD$_{5}$, COD and SS was change into 5,617($\pm$690)mg/l, 5,553($\pm$633)mg/land 1,456($\pm$341)mg/l, respectively in the Fixed biological membrane tank. The reduction of the pollutants concentration of suspend liquid through membrane will be allowed to greatly improve the water purification by an Activated sludge method. This separating system consisted of a temporary storage, a circulating tank and a Fixed Biological membrane tank. A temporary storage which has a draining system of screw type and an aeration device played a tremendous role in draining the solid by filled an aeration of 0.3 l/min. A Fixed Biological membrane tank of which a styrofoam filled in a 2/3 volume as a Biological media was fixed by a stainless steel net (pore size : 0.5mm) to separate the liquid layer of influx in them. The separating system efficiency factors were the speed of screw motor, cycle number of slurries in a circulating tank and moisture contents of solid effluent through the screw path. Although the pollutants concentration was very variable in temporary storage, the final concentration of $BOD_5$ and SS, except COD of the suspended liquid in a Fixed biological membrane were not different regardless of cycle number of a circulating tank. Moisture contents of effluent from temporary storage was 73% under the speed 1 ppm of screw motor and 62% under the 1/4rpm of it.

• Korean journal of food and cookery science
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• v.22 no.3 s.93
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• pp.396-401
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• 2006

This study was performed to determine the quality characteristics of Jeung-Pyun with added tapioca flour. With increasing tapioca flour content, the moisture content of the product was decreased. The addition of tapioca flour increased the volume and symmetry compared to the control with no tapioca flour. The highest uniformity was shown by the 10% added group, but the differences were not significant. In the Hunter's value, the lightness of the control was higher than that of the group with added tapioca flour. Whereas the reverse was the case for the yellowness. With increasing tapioca flour content, the springiness, gumminess, cohesiveness, and chewiness of Jeung-Pyun were increased, and the hardness increased. In sensory evaluation cell uniformity and chewiness were the highest in the 20% added group. The hardness of the sense examination increasing with increasing tapioca floor content. The overall quality of Jeung-Pyun was the lowest in the 30% added group.

• The Korean Journal of Malacology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.105-112
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• 2009

We investigated the degree of obesity, histological development stages of gonads and sexual maturation induction rates of comb pen shell, Atrina pectinata, per the type of micro-algae supplied. Terms of maturation by singular or mixed supply of microalgae, it was found that maturation of the female was the quickest at 60.0% by the Tetraselmis tetrathele (Tet). experiment group followed by 57.1% by the Chlorella ellipsoidea (Chl). experiment group and 16.7% by the Phaeodactylum tricornutum (Pha). experiment group. However, there were no significant differences between Tet. experiment group and Chl. experiment group. As for the male, maturation was the quickest at 60.0% by the Tet. experiment group followed by 16.7% by the Chl. experiment group and 14.3% by the Pha. experiment group. In light of these results, Tet. is concluded to be a very useful feed organism in breeding the mother comb pen shells. Upon completion of the experiment, the sexual maturation induction rate for the female was found to be the highest at 82.0% in the Tet. experiment group followed by 72.0% by the Chl. experiment group, 64.0% by the Pha. experiment group and 58.0% by the mixed micro-algae experiment group. During the period of experiment, the survival rate was the highest at 94.4% by the mixed micro-algae experiment group followed by 90.0% by the Pha. experiment group, 83.1% by the Tet. experiment group and 78.8% by the Chl. experiment group.

• Journal of dental hygiene science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.43-50
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• 2014

The purpose of this study was to examine the influence of internal marketing activities on motivating dental hygienists in dental hospital in an effort to be of use for setting strategies geared toward boosting the productivity of dental hygienists. The findings of the study were as follows: Concerning internal marketing activities by general characteristics, the dental hygienists who received 4-year college or higher education received more education than the college graduates ($p{\leq}0.001$). As for the leave system, the dental hygienists who worked in general hospitals (p=0.011) and sited in Chungcheongnam-do ($p{\leq}0.001$) replied more leaves were provided. In terms of welfare benefits, there were significant differences in those regards according to the type of hospital (p=0.029) and service area ($p{\leq}0.001$). As to the reward system, their responses about this system were similar to their responses about education & training, leaves and welfare benefits. The motivating factors consisted of 6 motivation factors and 10 hygiene factors. The motivation factors included an opportunities to develop ability and appropriate training to their work. The hygiene factors involved implement of policies and procedures, work environments, relationship with colleagues. Regarding awareness of the motivation factors by general characteristics, there were differences in that aspect according to age (p=0.043), and their awareness of the hygiene factors was different according to service area (p=0.038). As a result of analyzing which factors affected motivating, the leave system (p=0.038) and communication (p=0.001) that belonged to the internal marketing activities were identified as the influential motivation factors. In terms of the hygiene factors, age and service area were influential among the general characteristics (p=0.047, p=0.045). Above findings of the study suggest that it will be possible for dental institutions to ensure successful management by conducting internal marketing activities tailored to the characteristics of their organizational members and by motivating dental hygienists especially through communication.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.1379-1385
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• 2007

In domestic transitional zone design, there is regulation to prevent generation of irregular substructure behaviors that negatively influence in prevention of plasticity settlement on approach section and contact section as well as relieve overall track rigidity by reducing sectional foundation and track stiffness difference, but design guideline that considers dynamic behavior of transitional track in actual service line is very insignificant. Therefore in this study, characteristics of transitional track dynamic behaviors by substructure stiffness are researched and measured dynamic response of transitional track by substructure stiffness in order to prove correlation between substructure and track and calculate elasticity(stiffness) and track load of transitional track by using measurement and formula to provide basic information for developing design guideline considering dynamic behavior of service line transitional track.

• Proceedings of the KSR Conference
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• 2007.11a
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• pp.517-528
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• 2007

Domestic or international existing researches regarding rail damage factors are focused on laying, vehicle conditions, driving speed and driving habits and overlook characteristics of track structure (elasticity, maintenance etc). Also in ballast track, as there is no special lateral spring stiffness of track also called as ballast lateral resistance in concrete track, generally, existing study shows concrete track has 2 time shorter life cycle for rail replacement than ballast track due to abrasion. As a result of domestic concrete track design and operation performance review, concrete track elasticity is lower than track elasticity of ballast track resulting higher damage on rail and tracks. Generally, concrete track has advantage in track elasticity adjustment than ballast track and in case of Europe, in concrete track design, it is recommended to have same or higher performance range of vertical elastic stiffness of ballast track but domestically or internationally review on lateral spring stiffness of track is very minimal. Therefore, through analysis of service line track on site measurement and analysis on performance of maintenance, in this research, dynamic characteristic behaviors of commonly used ballast and concrete track are studied to infer elasticity of service line track and experimentally prove effects of track lateral spring stiffness that influence curved rail damage as well as correlation between track elasticity by track system and rail damage to propose importance of appropriate elastic stiffness level for concrete and ballast track.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.40 no.6
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• pp.684-696
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• 1995

A mutant for chalky endosperm and genetic male sterility (GMS) was newly developed in rice. The two characters were found to be controlled by single recessive gene which has pleiotropic effect, indicating that chalky seeds should be GMS seeds in segregating populations. Chalky seeds showed the same shape and size as normal seeds. However, starch composition of central part of endosperm was looser and shape of starch granules was rounder compared with normal endosperm, resulting in significantly lower grain weight, absolute density and grain hardness in chalky grains than in normal ones. Amylose content and gel consistency of chalky grains were much lower and harder, respectively. Male sterile plants showed much shorter plant height, poorer panicle exsertion and lesser panicle number compared with normal plants. Microspore abortion stage in pollen developmental process was observed as before meiosis. Male sterility of the mutant was stable regadless of temperature and day length. A system breeding hybrid rice using this mutant was discussed, comp ring with other systems utilizing cytoplasmic-genic male sterility(CGMS) and environment sensitive GMS(EGMS). Separation of GMS seeds in mixed seed bulks by specific gravity (1.14∼1.16g / cm3) was successful about 85∼90%. But some mixed normal plants were seemed to be easily removed by the apparent difference in growth characters at seedling stage. The highest natural outcrossing rate of this GMS line was as 17.3 % in a plot treated with 2-row pollinator, I-row GMS, and GA3 + cutting of flag leaf + pollen-scattering by rope.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.31 no.3
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• pp.375-382
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• 1986

This study was carried out to obtain the basic information for the clarification of spring growth habits mechanism of naked barleys. The isozyme patterns and activities of peroxidase in the young spike and leaf blade were analyzed during the differentiation and development of young spike. The characteristic differences between the normal and rosetted type were in c and g isozymes in young spike, and in i isozyme in the leaf blade. In the normal type, c and i isozymes disappeared at the stage of spi-kelet differentiation, g isozyme at the stage of flolet differentiation. But, in the rosetted type, those three isozymes remained in dark stained condition until the time of final sampling. Especially, those three isozymes were higher in the rosetted type than those in the normal type even at the stage of bract differentiation(BDS), just prior to the reproductive stage. The activities of peroxidase decreased slowly after BDS in the young spike and leaf blade in the normal type, While, in the rosetted type, increased linearly, and the degree of increasing was remarkable in the young spike. It was interesting that the degree of activities in young spike was higher in the rosetted type than that in the normal type even at BDS. From the above results, the remarkable differences of the isozyme patterns and activities at BDS between the normal and rosetted type were considered to be the physiological expression of the varieties concerned with the degree of spring growth habits.