• Korean Journal of Culture and Social Issue
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.325-350
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• 2021

The purpose of this study was to examine the mediating effect of the parent-adolescent career congruence process in the association between the parent-adolescent relationship and career identity of South Korean college students. In particular, we investigated which kind of career congruence process mediates the positive effect of the interdependent parent-adolescent relationship (in support of emotional bond and filial piety) and the independent parent-adolescent relationship (in support of independence and autonomy) on career identity. Data of 509 college students were analyzed for this study, and parallel multiple mediation analysis was performed. As a result, the complementary and attunement congruence process fully mediated the relationship between parent-adolescent affective bonding and career identity. Authoritative filial piety had a negative direct effect on career identity, but a positive indirect effect by mediating the complementary and attunement congruence process. The mediation analysis showed that both complementary and attunement congruence process fully mediated the association between independent parent-adolescent relationship and career identity. However, family intrusion had only a negative direct effect on career identity. On the other hand, the supplementary congruence process did not have significant mediating effects between all types of parent-adolescent relationships and career identity. Also, the supplementary congruence process had a negative direct effect on career identity. Based on these results, we discussed culturally universal and culturally specific characteristics of the relationship between parent-adolescent relationships and career identity, along with the limitations and recommendations for future research.

• Bulletin of Korea Environmental Preservation Association
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• s.386
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• pp.67-68
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• 2010

• Asia-pacific Journal of Multimedia Services Convergent with Art, Humanities, and Sociology
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• v.9 no.7
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• pp.175-185
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• 2019

In order for learners with different characteristics to reach meaningful learning, the curriculum - class-assessment must be integrated. In this study, we classified the integration into three aspects: content compatibility, operator convergence, and institutional connectivity, and looked at the status of unifying special classes in general schools from each perspective. As a result of the study, in terms of content suitability, adjustment of the curriculum to those subject to special education-professorial revision-assessment adjustment was not performed well except for subjects where individualization professors were conducted. From an actor's perspective, the ambiguity of the roles of general and special teachers resulted in the inability of curriculum coordinators, educators, evaluators and others to agree or even minimal consultations. In terms of institutional linkage, the authority and role of curriculum coordination, professorial revision, and assessment coordination were unclear except for subjects where individualization professors were conducted. As an alternative to discuss and remedy these problems, it proposed increasing awareness of individualized education, compulsory consultation and institutional readjustment.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.775-812
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• 2008

This paper provides a theoretical approach to the New Zealand's Catch-Balancing Regime (CBR) with a reporting requirement under the Individual Transferable Quota (ITQ) system. The enforcement strategy depicted draws on recent literature regarding practical applications of the Revelation Principle. New Zealand's use of CBR-specific instruments such as deemed values, remains to be improved. However, some of its features can constitute a valuable example for regulators seeking to improve their methods of dealing with issues as bycatch or overfishing in order to maintain Total Allowable Catch (TAC) levels under emerging ITQ systems. The enforcement strategy analyzed has the potential to provide a more sustainable and efficient management of the fish stock, reduce discarding and stabilize monitoring costs, while improving the level of reporting compliance.

• Journal of Korea Fair Competition Federation
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• no.113
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• pp.15-31
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• 2005

최근 미국의 법원은 담합을 입증하려는 시도를 주로 경제적 증거에 입각하여 분석하는 추세를 보여 왔다. 하지만 담합의 존재를 입증하는데 있어서 경제분석의 역할에도 많은 이견이 날카롭게 표출되었다. 담합의 존재에 관한 경제적 증거를 분석하는 데에 있어 유일한 합리적 근거는 최신과점이론(Modern oligopoly theory)이다. 그런데 증인으로 나선 많은 경제학자들과 법원이 최신과점이론에 자신들의 분석을 뚜렷이 기초하지 않았기 때문에, 판례법의 현 상태가 불만족스럽다고 주장하는 것이 본 논문의 핵심적 내용이다. 셔먼법 제1조는 ''계약, 결합, 공모(contract, combination, or conspiracy)에 의해 초래되는 거래(즉 경쟁)의 불합리한 제한을 규제''하는데, 이러한 계약 결합, 공모의''용어들은 합의라는 하나의 개념으로 통합하여 이해''할 수 있다. 제 1조는 다수의 당사자가 ''단일한 목적, 공통된 의도와 의견의 일치, 혹은 의사의 합치(Meeting of minds)'', 즉 ''공통된 계획에 대한 의식적 참가(consious commitment to a common scheme)''를 합의한 모든 협약을 규제한다. 셔먼법 제 1조 위반을 입증하기 위해서는 일치된 행동이 합의 하에서 일어났음을 입증해야 한다. 미국 법원은 합의를 추론할 수 있는 증거력 있는 정황증거(admissible circumstantial evidence)의 원칙을 확립하였다. 독점가격에 가까운 수준의 과점가격 설정은 ''조정되었다(coordinated)''라고 칭해지는데, 이는 ''구두 합의''와 ''암묵적 합의''의 두 가지 형태로 나뉜다. 한편, 일회게임 과점 모형과 반복게임 모형은 과점이론의 핵심을 이룬다. 과점에 대한 Chamberlin의 견해는 본래 게임과 Stigler의 모형은 그와 같은 생각의 오류를 가르쳤다. 그러나 판례법은, Petroleum products antitrust litigation사건과 reserve supply사건에서 볼 수 있듯이 종종 그러한 교훈을 망각했다. 최신과정이론과 판례를 종합해 보면, 합의의 존재에 관해 경제학자가 이끌어내는 추론과 법원이 이끌어내는 추론을 포괄하는 다음의 네 가지 일반적 원칙이 도출된다. 1. 합의가 추론되기 위해서는 상호의존성을 넘는 무언가가 먼저 제시되어야 한다. 2. 합의의 존재는 일회게임 과점 모형에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형과 일치하는 행동으로부터는 추론될 수 없다. 3. 합의의 존재는, 비록 무한반복 과점게임에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형(혹은 Chamberlin-Fellner식의 과점)과 일치하더라도, 일회게임 과점 모형에서의 비협조적 내쉬균형과 일치하지 않는 행동으로부터 추론될 수 있다. 4. 증거는 구두합의의 존재를 뒷받침해야만 한다. 이러한 원칙에서 얻을 수 있는 가장 중요한 교훈은, 합의가 존재하지 않을 경우 과점상황으로부터는 독점가격이 예상될 수 없다는 사실을 법원이 인식하는 것만으로도 합의의 추론에서 범하기 쉬운 가장 큰 오류를 회피할 수 있다는 것이다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Steel Construction
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• v.24 no.1
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• pp.23-34
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• 2012

In this study, stub columns subjected to concentrical and eccentrical loads were tested to check the applicability of the current local stability criteria (KBC2009, AISC2005) to 800MPa high-strength steel (HSA800). The key test variables in the concentrically loaded tests included the plate-edge restraints and the width-to-thickness ratio normalized by the yield strength of steel. Specimens made of ordinary steel (SM490) were also tested for comparative purposes. Eccentrically loaded stub column tests were conducted for a range of the P-M combinations by controlling the loading eccentricity. All the concentrically loaded specimens with non-compact and slender sections developed sufficient strengths according to the current local stability criteria. All the eccentrically loaded specimens with non-compact H sections also exhibited a sufficient P-M interaction strength that was even higher than that of compact H- section counterparts. Residual stresses were also measured by using the non-destructive indentation method to demonstrate their dependency or independency on the steel material's yield strength. The measured results of this study also indicated that the magnitude of residual stresses bears no strong relation to the yield strength of the steel material.

• Fire Science and Engineering
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• v.15 no.3
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• pp.21-35
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• 2001

By rearing private experts to design hazardous facilities, Safety property is obstained. So it is necessary to limit within the designer of hazardous materials facilities who has some degree skill. After permission progress about the inspection of the design ascertain whether it is safety property Mayor/Do governor permits within the laws and their qualification. Accordingly, Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation be come specialization about the design, inspection of construction completion. A inquire purpose of Fire Service Act be considered fitness. Subject by which the Korea Fire Equipment Inspection Corporation is entrusted, subject by which the a non-probit corporation in The Civil Law be possible to entrusted in separate. In this case, because of the level of one's technique and facilities are important, to limit as a nonprobit corporation in The Civil Law give rise to trouble. Consequently; established a business corporation, which the level of one's technique and facilities, in accordance with The Commercial Law can assign inspection of construction completion. The contents of the Fire Services Act is caused by the historic growth of hazardous facilities's safety management. Because we decide on a course about completed inspection of hazardous substance, it is needed that adjust the task performed by a corporation of the exert skill and the duty performed by the task that a authorized corporation on the civil law or the commercial law To adjust the duty, the Fire Service Act, that is suitable to the purpose and principle, should constitute a measure of the duty. With the object of insure the safety of the hazardous substance, when the fire survice act establish a corporation of the expert skill. There is the will of lawmakers that need organization to have the power of the professional technology. The state excise the will that insure the safety of hazardous materials facilities on the basis of the professional technology and facilities, and construct to establish a corporation of the expert skill. Therefore as concentrate on the technology to need to insure the safety of the facilities of hazardous substance to be suitable on the purpose of laws and take responsibility and reports to a corporation of the expert skill. The task to be given to the state will be done.