• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.495-502
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• 2019

A typical cerebrovascular disease among cerebrovascular diseases is vascular diseases such as cerebral infarction, cerebral hemorrhage, cerebral aneurysm, cerebrovascular stenosis. If the disease occurs and causes cerebral damage, it may be difficult to recover completely. So that, Must continue to perform health care through examination early. In particular, Because most cerebrovascular disease examining use radiation equipment and Thus this study was to find out how to select about the optimal examining method and X-ray dose decrease method among different examining method though comparison and analysis for the entrance surface dose (ESD) on cerebrovascular examining with Trance Femoral Cerebral angiography (TFCA) and Cerebral Computed Tomographic Angiography (CCTA). Also, want to find out how to select about the optimal examining method for worried patient that contrast medium side effect though measuring and evaluating for contrast usage. Data were collected from 70 patients (43 males and 27 females) who underwent CCTA at Yeosoo region hospital from June 2018 to December 2018 and 61 patients (34 males and 27 females) who underwent TFCA at Pyeongtaek region hospital from June 2018 to November 2018. ESD analysis method collected retrospective data though M-view and PACS PLUS program, Used contrast usage measuring method did reality measuring method. In the analysis using SPSS, the ESD of TFCA was $245.74{\pm}71.91$, which was $32.05{\pm}7.74$ lower than the dose of $277.79{\pm}79.65$ of CCTA ESD, and statistically significant at t = 3.249, p = 0.017 (p<0.05). As a result of the comparison of the total amount of contrast agent, the mean contrast agent used in TFCA was $55.05{\pm}17.68ml$, which was about 14.95 smaller than the amount of contrast agent used in CCTA, and statistically significant t = -4.548, p<0.001. In conclusion, the ESD of TFCA was statistically significantly lower than that of CCTA, and also the used contrast usage was significantly tiny than that of CCTA. Therefore, Select the method to increase the utilization of TFCA for cerebral disease examining, we can consider X-ray dose decrease method at the same time as to decrease side effect of contrast medium.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.1
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• pp.53-63
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• 2024

The purpose of this study was to analyze radiological technologists' (RT) task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior of contrast medium and use it as basic data for future workforce response plans. We surveyed a total of 172 RT using questionnaire terms consisting of demographic characteristics, job priorities, and RT' task perceptions of intravenous injection behavior. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, frequency analysis, independent samples T-test, and ANOVA analysis. As a result, first, current clinical RT were highly aware of the need for intravenous injection behavior as a response to the future workforce of them, and the workload burden resulting from this was evaluated as low. Second, the fear of intravenous injection behavior was found to be significant, so it is judged to be useful to perform them as selective job actions rather than all RT' task. Third, the need for training courses and certification for RT' intravenous injection behavior is being raised, and additional specific research on this is required. Last, RT' positive perception of intravenous injection behavior could be expected as a foundation for improving national medical services, strengthening RT expertise, and expanding tasks.

• Proceedings of the Korea Contents Association Conference
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• 2014.11a
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• pp.211-212
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• 2014

단일에너지 복부 검사에서 사용했던 조영제 양 대비 30%, 40%, 50%, 60%, 70%로 각각 설정하여 영상을 획득한 후 대동맥, 하대정맥, 간문맥, 간실질에 관심영역을 설정하여 조영증강정도(houns -field unit; HU)를 구하여 단일에너지에서 측정된 부위와의 값을 비교 분석하였다. 그 결과 기존대비 60%로 조영제를 설정한 군에서는 대동맥 HU : $210.80{\pm}13.609$, 하대정맥 HU : $190.40{\pm}25.215$, 간문맥 $198.40{\pm}21.232$, 간실질 HU : $119.20{\pm}7.98$로 각각 측정되었으며. 단일에너지 복부 CT 검사는 대동맥 HU : $205.40{\pm}16.426$, 하대정맥 HU : $188.20{\pm}21.476$, 간문맥 HU : $195.40{\pm}22.744$, 간실질 HU : $121.00{\pm}6.595$ 이었다. 따라서 이중에너지를 이용하여 복부 조영 CT검사를 시행할 때 조영제의 양을 60%로 설정한 후 검사하는 것이 각 장기에서의 단일에너지 조영검사시와 비슷한 조영증강정도를 획득할 수 있다.

• The Journal of Korean Society for Radiation Therapy
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.15-22
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• 2002

1. 목적 : 방사선종양학과에서 3차원 치료계획용 전산화단층촬영 시 조영제 주입율에 따른 CT 값(hounsfield unit, H.U) 변화를 정량적으로 평가하여 최적의 영상증강효과 및 방사선치료계획을 위한 기초 프로토콜을 제시하고자 한다. 2. 대상 및 방법: 연세암센터 방사선종양학과에서 3차원 치료계획용 전산화단층촬영을 시행한 상복부(폐암)환자 20명을 대상으로 하였다. 조영제 양(130mL)은 일정하게 고정하였고, 조영제주입율을 1.2, 1.5, 2.0 mL/sec로 변화시켜가며 조영제를 주입하면서 3차원 방사선치료계획영상에 적합한 조영제주입율(contrast flow rate)과 지연시간(delay time)을 도출하였고, CT 값을 측정하여 정량적 평가를 시행하였다. 관심부위는 폐동맥과 폐정맥으로 하였다. 그리고, 환자 기본정보, 조영제주입율, H.U 등 영상증강에 영향을 미치는 인자들을 통계처리 프로그램인 SPSS를 이용하여 최적의 영상을 획득할 수 있는 기초 프로토콜을 작성하였다. 3. 결과 : 폐암환자의 전산화단층촬영영상 획득 시 3차원 방사선치료계획에 적합한 영상을 얻을 수 있는 조건중 조영제주입율은 1.5 mL/sec 이었고, 지연시간은 $60{\sim}70$초이었다. 통계처리를 수행한 결과 환자의 기본정보 및 조영제주입율 등이 영상증강에 영향을 미치는 인자임을 알 수 있었다. 본 연구에서 작성한 기초 프로토콜을 이용하여 3차원 방사선치료계획 시 정확한 종양 및 정상조직 설정이 용이하게 되어 방사선치료 효율을 극대화 할 수 있었다. 4. 결론 : 방사선종양학과에서 3차원 치료계획용 전산화단층촬영 시 사용할 수 있는 기초적인 영상획득 프로토콜을 도출하였고, 향후 더 많은 임상경험과 정량적 평가가 수반된다면 임상에 적극 사용할 수 있을 것이라 사료된다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.179-185
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• 2024

By applying the various energy spectrum imaging functions of DECT, To quantitatively distinguish between contrast agent and calcification, changes in image quality are analyzed by comparing CNR and SNR. We investigated the level of dose reduction during two scans and one VNC scan. As a result, contrast agent and calcification were best distinguished in the 70 keV area, CNR and SNR were excellent, and scan dose was reduced by about 26.5%. Therefore, by applying DECT, meaningful results were obtained that could visually and quantitatively distinguish between the intravascular contrast agent and the shade of calcification. If clinical research is conducted in the future considering the patient's age, gender, and body type, quantitative analysis of calcification will be possible even with intravascular contrast agent flowing in, which will have a significant effect in reducing the patient's scan dose and the burden of multiple scans.

• The Journal of Korean Orthopaedic Ultrasound Society
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.9-14
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• 2012

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the accuracy and clinical outcome of ultrasound-guided glenohumeral joint steroid injection on adhesive capsulitis. Materials and Methods: Patients who were diagnosed as adhesive capsulitis by MRI and physical examination and did not improve their symptom with physical therapy and NSAIDS treatment more than 6 months were included in the study. Patients who showed any other shoulder pathology or history if trauma were excluded from the study. 33 patients including 15 males and 18 females were enrolled in the study, the average age being 55.1 (age 42~72). Cocktail of steroid, lidocaine, saline and contrast medium injected inside shoulder glenohumeral joint using novel approach (which we called acromioclavicular approach) under ultrasound guidance. Clinical outcome was measured through passive range of motion and VAS scoring system. Results: Based on radiographic findings, cases were classified according to the leakage of contrast medium; perfect confinement of contrast-medium inside the capsule, partial leakage of the medium and contrast-medium found at outside the joint. Total 25 cases (76%) out of 33 cases showed perfect confinement of contrast-medium inside the glenohumeral joint. Partial leakage was observed in 6 cases (18%), and contrast medium was observed outside of the glenohumeral joint in 2 cases (6%). Perfect-confinement group showed $111^{\circ}$($80{\sim}140^{\circ}$) of forward flexion and $48^{\circ}$($0{\sim}90^{\circ}$) of external rotation before injection, and improved to $134^{\circ}$($90{\sim}150^{\circ}$) of forward flexion and $70^{\circ}$($30{\sim}90^{\circ}$) of external rotation after injection (p<0.01). Partial leakage showed $120^{\circ}$($90{\sim}150^{\circ}$) of forward flexion and $70^{\circ}$($10{\sim}90^{\circ}$) of external rotation before injection, and improved to $139^{\circ}$($135{\sim}140^{\circ}$) of forward flexion and $78^{\circ}$($50{\sim}90^{\circ}$) of external rotation after injection (p<0.01). VAS score improved from 7.1 (score 3~9) to 2.6 (score 0~5) (p<0.01) in perfect confinement group, from 7.5 (score 7~9) to 3.3 (score 2~4) (p<0.01) in partial leakage group. Two group showed no significant difference. Conclusion: Accuracy of Acromioclavicular approach was 94% which is better than any other methods published so far. Partial leakage of the injection material did not show inferior result compared to perfect injection.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.27-33
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• 2000

Purpose: To determine the electronic spin relaxation times, $T_{le}$, of three commercially available Gd-chelated MR contrast agents, Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA and Gd-DOTA, using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance(EPR) technique. Material and Methods: The paramagnetic MR contrast agents, Gd-DTFA(Magnevist) , Gd-DTFA-BMA(OMNISCAN) and Gd-DOTA(Dotarem), were used for this study, The EPR spectra of these contrast agents, which were prepared 2:1 methanol/water solution, were obtained at low temperatures, from $-160^{\circ}C~20^{\circ}C$. The glassy-state EPR spectra for these contrast agents were then fitted by the simulation spectra generated with different zero-field splitting (ZFS) parameters by a computer simulation program 'GEN', which generates the EPR powder spectrum using a given ZFS in $3{\times}3$ tensor. Finally, the spin relaxation times of the contrast agents were then determined from the $T_{2e}$, D, and E values of the best simulation spectra using the McLachlan's theory of average relaxation rate. Results: The electronic transverse spin relaxation times, $T_{2e}'s$, of Gd-DTPA, Gd-DTPA-BMA and Gd-DOTA were 0.113ns, 0.147ns and 1.81ns respectively. The g-values were 1.9737, 1.9735 and 1.9830 and the electronic spin relaxation times, $T_{1e}'s$, were 18.70ns, 33.40ns and $1.66{\mu}s$, respectively. Conclusion: The results of these studies reconfirm that the paramagnetic MR contrast agents with larger ZFS parameters should have shorter $T_{1e}'s$. Among three contrast agents used for this study, Gd-DOTA chelated with cyclic ligand structure shows better electronic property then the others with linear structure. Thus, it is concluded that the exact determination of ZFS parameters is the important factor in evaluating relaxation enhancement effect of the agents and in developing new contrast agents.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.116-123
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• 2003

Purpose : The present study was undertaken to evaluate the usefulness of cerebral diffusion (DWI) and perfusion MR imaging (PWI) in rabbit models with hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction. Materials and Methods : Experimental cerebral infarction were induced by direct injection of mixture of Histoacryl glue, lipiodol, and tungsten powder into the internal cerebral artery of 6 New-Zealand white rabbits, and they underwent conventional T1 and T2 weighted MR imaging, DWI, and PWI within 1 hour after the occlusion of internal cerebral artery. The PWI scan for each rabbit was obtained at the level of lateral ventricle and 1cm cranial to the basal ganglia. By postprocessing using special imaging software, perfusion images including cerebral blood volume (CBV), cerebral blood flow (CBF), and mean transit time (MTT) maps were obtained. The detection of infarcted lesion were evaluated on both perfusion maps and DWI. MTT difference time were measured in the perfusion defect lesion and symmetric contralateral normal cerebral hemisphere. Results : In all rabbits, there was no abnormal signal intensity on T2WI. But on DWI, abnormal high signal intensity, suggesting cerebral infarction, were detected in all rabbits. PWI (rCBV, CBF and MTT map) also showed perfusion defect in all rabbits. In four rabbits, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map is larger than that of CBF map and in two rabbits, the calculated size of perfusion defect in MTT map and CBF map is same. Any rabbits do not show larger perfusion defect on CBF map than MTT map. In comparison between CBF map and DWI, 3 rabbits show larger square of lesion on CBF map than on DWI. The others shows same square of lesion on both technique. The size of lesion shown in 6 MTT map were larger than DWI. In three cases, the size of lesion shown in CBF map is equal to DWI. But these were smaller than MTT map. The calculated square of lesion in CBF map, equal to that of DWI and smaller than MTT map was three. And in one case, the calculated square of perfusion defect in MTT map was largest, and that of DWI was smallest. Conclusion : DWI and PWI may be useful in diagnosing hyperacute cerebral ischemic infarction and in e-valuating the cerebral hemodynamics in the rabbits.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Telematics and Electronics
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.63-71
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• 1983

A dye-edge tracking algorithm was used to determine the corresponding points in the two images(anterior-posterior and lateral) of the digital subtraction biplane angiography. This correspondence was used to reconstruct three dimensional images of cerebral artery in a dog experiment. The method was tested by comparing the measured image of oblique view with the computed reconstructed image. For the present study, we have developed three new algorithms. The first algorithm is to determine the corresponding dye-edge points using the fact the dye density at the moving edge avows the same changing pattern in the two projection views. This moving pattern of dye-edge density is computed using a matching method of cross-correlation for the two sequential frames' dye density. The second algorithm is for simplified perspective transformation, and the third one is to identify the specific corresponding points on the small vessels. The present method can be applied to compute the blood velocity using the dye-edge displacement and the three- dimensional distance data.

• Investigative Magnetic Resonance Imaging
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.139-145
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• 2011

Purpose : To assess the frequency and severity of acute adverse reactions to intravenous administration of gadolinium-based contrast agents using computerized reporting system at a single large academic institution. Materials and Methods : We assessed data from electronic hospital information system from October 2008 to December 2010. Reactions were classified as mild, moderate, or severe. We compared the frequency of adverse reactions among three contrast agents (Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA). Results : The total number of administrated contrast agents was 33,600, and the number of administration of Gd-BT-DO3A, Gd-DTPA and Gd-EOB-DTPA were 20,824 (62%), 10,417 (31%) and 2,359 (7%), respectively. Total 39 adverse reactions were reported accounting for 0.1161% of all administrations. The incidences of adverse reactions were 0.1248% (26/39, 67%) for Gd-BT-DO3A, 0.0768% (8/39, 21%) for Gd-DTPA, and 0.2120% (5/39, 13%) for Gd-EOB-DTPA. The difference of frequencies of adverse reaction among three contrast agents was not significant. Most cases of the adverse effect were mild (35/39, 89.7%). Moderate and severe adverse reactions were encountered in two patients, respectively. Conclusion : Among Koreans, adverse effects were rare, and especially, moderate to severe adverse reactions were much rarer. There was no difference among the frequencies of adverse reactions caused by three different contrast agents.