• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.52
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• pp.31-52
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• 2018

The purpose of this thesis was to re-examine the utopian socialism of George Sand. In brief, her socialism is Christian socialism. She was heavily influenced by Leroux and Ramennais who insisted on Christian socialism at the time. This was socialism that differed from other utopian socialists of the time such as Saint Simon and Fourier. In addition, the socialism of Sand was similar to communism that was popular at the time. We can see in many writings portraying Sand as a Communist. Her novels were also written to spread her communicative ideas. However, the Communism of Sand is different from that of Marx. In this thesis, her novels, her letters, and her political pamphlets will be analyzed in comparison with Marxism in three ways. 1. If Marx's communism justified violence, her ideology is based on nonviolence. 2. Sand's Communism asserts equality for workers and capitalists. She says that if it is not the equality for all, we are not qualified to argue. 3. Finally, her Communism is based entirely on Christian values, love and solidarity.

• Cross-Cultural Studies
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• v.41
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• pp.321-349
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• 2015

This paper is to make a comparative study between George Sand and Na Hye-sok through their lives and works. The research found that George Sand and Na Hye-sok had similar views about the institution and social system of their age. Both women were aware of importance and necessity of education and the arts but showed a clear distinction between their beliefs in education and the arts. George Sand found that education was an indispensable part of women's lives but found that educationforwomentotheageofSandwasuseless. For this reason she continued to assert a substantial reform concerning women's education. In addition, she argued that everyone should have been given the same opportunities regardless of gender or class. Na Hye-sok, meanwhile, looked at women's education in a more realistic perspective, that is to say to make money. The two women showed remarkable differences in the view of art. This is evident from the presence of a responsibility and a sense of purpose as an artist. George Sand was imbued with a sense of purpose and clarified her own belief at the beginning of her activities as a writer. She wanted to inform the suffering of the weak through her writing and to contribute to build a Utopia where everyone could be happy to live beyond the boundaries of gender. However, Na Hye-sok did not reveal her own clear sense of purpose to her art activities. Art is not just a job - it's a vocation. Na Hye-sok was enthusiastic but didn't have a sense of purpose. She should have had a vocation and a sense of purpose. Na Hye-sok was lacking of responsibilities and obligations as a pioneer of Western painting. If there were a distinct vocation and a sense of purpose to Na Hye-sok as an artist, she would have left a trail as valuable as that of George Sand.