• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.48 no.5
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• pp.37-44
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• 2011

This paper proposes a confusion-line separating algorithm in a CIE Lab color space using color segmentation for protanopia and deuteranopia. Images are segmented into regions by grouping adjacent pixels with similar color information using the hue components of the images. To this end, the region growing method and the seed points used in this method are the pixels that correspond to peak points in hue histograms that went through a low pass filter. In order to establish a color vision deficiency (CVD) confusion line map, we established 512 virtual boxes in an RGB 3-D space so that boxes existing on the same confusion line can be easily identified. After that, we checked if segmented regions existed on the same confusion line and then performed color adjustment in an CIE Lab color space so that all adjacent regions exist on different confusion lines in order to provide the best color identification effect to people with CVDs.

• Development and Reproduction
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.65-83
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• 2005

The three important phases in the development of ligand immunoassays are identified and summarized. The competitive radiolabelled hormone measurement had been developed in the first and early in the second generations(1950s to 1960s), such as radioimmunoassays(RIA) or immunoradiometric(saturation) assays(IRMA), and used in all most of the hormone and also analyte in biological samples. In the second generation, ultrasensitive non-isotopic immunoassays(NIA) were developed using monoclonal antibodies(McAb), labelling the McAb and high specific activity non-isotopic labels. After their usefulness, advantages and disadvantages has been evaluated and non-competitive methods are discussed. The chip/microarray based multianalyte ligand assays(microspot or genechip methods) are developed and known as alternative ones in the third generation. We summarize the developments of NIAs and its usefulness, and then introduce briefly the new ligand assays.

• Polymer(Korea)
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• v.34 no.4
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• pp.313-320
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• 2010

New cinnamate group-containing copolymers for a self-curable, humidity-sensitive polyelectrolyte and polymeric anchoring agents were prepared by copolymerization of [2-[(methacryloyloxy) ethyl]dimethyl]propyl ammonium bromide(MEPAB), methyl methacrylate(MMA), 3-(trimethoxysilyl) propyl methacrylate(TMSPM) and 2-(cinnamoyloxy)ethyl methacrylate(CEMA). Photocrosslinkable copolymer composed of MEPAB/MMA/TMSPM/CEMA＝70/20/0/10 were used for humidity-sensitive membrane, and those of 50/0/20/30 and 0/0/50/50 were used for polymeric anchoring agents. 3- (Triethoxysilyl)propyl cinnamate(TESPC) was also used as a surface-pretreating agent for the comparison of capability of attachment of polyelectrolyte to the electrode surface with polymeric photocurable silanecoupling agents. Pretreatment of the electrode substrate with anchoring agents was performed to form a cinnamate thin film on the electrode through covalent bonds. When the sensors were irradiated with UV light, the anchoring of a polyelectrolyte into the substrate was carried out via the [2$\pi$+2$\pi$] cycloaddition. The resulting sensors using polymeric anchoring agents and TESPC showed water durability with increase of resistance by 60~85%, which is corresponding to the reduction of 2.25~3.15%RH, after soaking in water for 24 h. They showed good hysteresis (-0.2%RH), response time (90 sec) and long-term stability at high temperature and humidity.

• Korean Journal of Clinical Pharmacy
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.13-20
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• 2012

서론: 주사제 사용을 줄이기 위한 정책의 일환으로 건강보험심사평가원은 의료기관별 주사제 처방률을 통보하고 있으나, 여전히 주사제 처방은 높은 실정이다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 주사제에 대한 환자의 인식수준을 살펴보고, 환자의 주사제 요청에 영향을 미치는 요인을 파악하고자 하였다. 연구방법: 본 연구는 최근 6개월 이내에 병의원을 방문한 전국의 20세 이상의 남녀를 대상으로 전화조사한 단면설계 연구다. 환자의 일반적 특성과 주사제에 대한 태도, 인식을 조사하였고, 환자가 주사제를 요청하는데 영향을 미치는 특성을 규명하기 위해 일반적 특성(성, 연령, 결혼여부, 보험형태, 지역규모, 질환, 교육, 소득 등), 주사제에 대한 인식, 태도를 독립변수로 하고, 주사제 처방 요청여부를 종속변수로 하며, 16개 행정지역을 무작위 효과로 층화한 다수 준 분석을 실시하였다.결과: 연구대상에 포함된 응답자는 997명이었고(응답률 82.2%), 응답자 중 24%가 병의원 방문 당시 주사제를 요구했다고 응답했고, 58%가 한번 이상 주사제를 맞은 경험이 있다고 보고했다. 92%가 주사제에 대해 잘못된 인식을 갖고 있었고, 15%는 의사가 부적절하게 주사제를 처방한다고 응답했다. 다수준 로지스틱 회귀분석 결과, 남성의 경우(Odds ratio(OR) 0.71, 95% confidence interval(CI) 0.52-0.99), 고졸이상자(OR 0.63, 95% CI 0.41-0.96), 기혼자(OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.01-2.92)가 주사제를 더 요구하는 것으로 나타났고, 대도시에 비해 농촌지역 환자가(OR 2.12, 95% CI 1.24-3.63), 호흡기계 질환으로 방문한 경우(OR 1.48, 95% CI 1.03-2.12), 주사제를 처방하면 경구제에 비해 신뢰감이 생긴다는 응답자의 경우(OR 1.91, 95% CI 1.33-2.73) 주사제를 더 요구하는 것으로 나타났다. 결론: 본 연구결과 여성, 기혼자, 농촌 거주자, 호흡기계 질환으로 방문한 환자의 경우와 주사를 맞으면 신뢰감이 생긴다는 잘못된 태도를 가진 환자가 주사제를 요구하는 것으로 나타났고, 이러한 환자특성을 고려하여 주사제 사용을 감소시키기 위한 정책을 실시하는 것이 필요하겠다.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.34 no.5
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• pp.393-398
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• 2001

배경: 일차성 자연기흉의 재발방지를 위해서 폐기포절부위에 흡수성 셀룰로스망사와 Fibrin gluefm 도포하여 수술후 재발율을 줄일 수 있는 지 알아보았다. 대상 및 방법: 1996.4우러부터 2000.6월까지 2명의 술자가 222례의 일차성 자연기흉을 수술하였으며, 수술시기와 치료방법에 따라 4군으로 나누어 비교하였다. 제1군은 1996년부터 1997년가지 비디오흉강경수술 및 기계적 늑막유착술로 시술받은 군(25례), 제 2군은 같은 기간동안 액와개흉술 및 늑막유착술로 시술받은 군(53례), 제 3군은 1998년부터 2000.4월까지 흉강경수술 및 늑만유착술로시술받은 군(110례), 제 4군은 1999.7월부터 2000.6월까지 흉강경수술 및 봉합부위를 셀룰로스망사와 Fibrin glue로 보강한 군(34례)이었다. 각 군간, 엑스선상 기흉의 크기 및 폐기포의 수나 크기에 따라 재발율, 공기누출시간 및 흉관지속지간등을 일반선형모델을 사용하여 비교 분석하였다. 결과: 대상환자는 남자 203례, 여자 19례 이었고, 나이는 14게에서 68세이었고, 평균연령은 23.2$\pm$9.6세였다. 재발한 경우는제 1군이 5례(25%), 제 2군이 2례(3.8%), 제 3군이 5례(4.5%)이었고, 제 4군은 재발례가 없었다. 재발례는 모두 수술자의 수술경험이 2년이내일 때 발생하였다. 흉관지속기간은 제 4군이 제 3군(p<0.0006) 및 제1, 제2군(p<0.0001)에 비해서 더 짧았고, 술후 공기누출이 제 4군에서는 없었다. 술전흉부엑스선상 기흉의 크기에 따른 수술후 기흉의 재발울은 경도의 기흉에서 14.3%(2/14)이었고, 중등도 기흉에서 7.4%(10/134)이었으며, 심한 기흉에서는 재발례가 없었다. 재수술한 12례중 봉합부위근처에서 기포가 발행된 경우가 9례(75%)로 많았다. 결론: 재발방지를 위한 시술로 늑막유착술을 시행하지 않고 폐기포절제부위를 흡수성 셀룰로스망사와 Fibrin glue로 덮어주는 시술은 비교적 용이하며, 수술 후 공기 누출이 없었고, 수술 후 흉관지속기간이 더 짧았고, 단기간 추적에서 재발이 없었다. 재발에 영향을 미치는 것으로 흉부엑스선상 기흉의 크기가 작은 경우에는 재발율이 더 높았고, 수술자의 경험이 중요하였다.

• Journal of Nutrition and Health
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• v.48 no.4
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• pp.352-363
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• 2015

Purpose: Despite the popularity of dietary supplements, little data are available on their use by university students. The purpose of this study was to examine the use of vitamin mineral supplements and to identify factors related to supplement use among university students. Methods: University students (N = 345) in Seoul were surveyed. Survey questions included descriptive demographics, types of vitamin and mineral supplements used, health related lifestyle factors, mini dietary assessment, and knowledge and behaviors related to supplement use. Results: Of university students surveyed, 41% consumed vitamin and mineral supplements. Among the supplement users, multivitamins were the most commonly used dietary supplements (68.6%), followed by vitamin C (31.4%) and calcium (17.1%). In particular, the use of vitamin C and iron supplements was more common in females than males (p < 0.05). For the number of supplements taken daily, 32.1% of supplement users consumed 2 or more supplements; 20% of supplement users had almost no knowledge of the supplements being taken. Based on the results of multivariable logistic regression analysis, supplement use was associated with higher interest in their own health, non-smoker, and supplement use by family (p < 0.05). In addition, supplement use was slightly associated with healthy dietary behavior such as consuming a variety of foods (p = 0.05) and current disease status (p = 0.05). Conclusion: University students with relatively healthy lifestyles appear to take vitamin and mineral supplements, but they had little knowledge of the supplements. Given high prevalence of dietary supplement use among university students, nutrition education regarding supplement use is needed.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.18 no.11
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• pp.498-508
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• 2017

Purpose: The present study investigated nutrient supplement intake to examine the relationship between the health behaviors of nutrient supplement users and nonusers and nutrient supplement users and other drug users. The results provide baseline data to understand whether nutrient supplements actually perform as expected in view of the fact that healthy people that take nutritional supplements may become healthier, but may also develop nutritional supplement abuse problems. Among 7,006 household heads of 24,614 household members from the Korea Health Panel data in 2008, a total of 6,009 household heads were the respondents of the Korea Health Panel Survey (appendix) in 2009. Method: The subjects of the present study were targeted household heads. The respondents who reported that they had taken (planned to take) life/health promotion-related drugs (01. vitamins/nutritional supplements) for more than three months that were purchased at pharmacies during the past one year at the time of the survey were defined as nutritional supplement users. Those who took other drugs (05. hair-loss treatments, 06. obesity treatments, 10. others) were regarded as other drug users. A chi-squared test was performed to analyze the sociodemographic characteristics of the subjects and differences between groups. Multiple regression analyses were conducted to analyze health behaviors according to nutrient supplement intake. Result: Comparison of (A) nutritional supplement users and nonusers revealed that those who were women, 50 years or older, and spent more than average living expenses were more likely to take nutritional supplements, which was not significant in health behavior variables. Analysis of nutritional supplement users and other drug users (B) revealed that those who were high school graduates or above, had a spouse, were non-smokers, took drugs, ate regular meals, and were not stressed by economic or family conflicts were more likely to take nutritional supplements. Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that people take nutritional supplements because of their psychological desire to be healthy, not because they are not healthy, have problems, or believe supplements will make them healthier.

• Applied Chemistry for Engineering
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.656-662
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• 2013

The iron oxide ($Fe_3O_4$) particles in the coolant of the secondary system of a nuclear power plant reduce the heat transfer performance or induce corrosion on the surface of the heat transfer tube. To prevent these problems, we conducted a study to improve the dispersion stability of iron oxide using polymeric dispersant injection in simulated secondary system water. The three kinds of anionic polymers containing carboxyl groups were selected. The dispersion characteristics of the iron oxide particles with the polymeric dispersants were evaluated by performing a settling test and measuring the transmission, the zeta potential, and the hydrodynamic particle size of the colloid solutions. Polymeric dispersants had a significant impact on the iron oxide dispersion stability in an aqueous solution. While the dispersant injection tended to improve the dispersion stability, the dispersion stability of iron oxide did not increase linearly with an increase in the dispersant concentration. This non-linearity is due to the agglomerations between the iron oxide particles above a critical dispersant concentration. The effect of the dispersant on the dispersion stability improvement was significant when the dispersant concentration ratio (ppm, dispersant/magnetite) was in the range of 0.1 to 0.01. This suggests that the optimization of dispersant concentration is required to maximize the iron oxide removal effect with the dispersant injection considering the applied environments, the iron oxide concentration and the concentration ratio of dispersant to iron oxide.

• Microbiology and Biotechnology Letters
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.257-263
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• 1998

Alcaligenes eutrophus was successfully recovered from high cell density broth by pre-treatment with Fe-based coagulants. An inorganic coagulant, Fe$_2$(SO$_4$)$_3$, and a polymerized coagulant, Ferix-3, were used. Good coagulation was observed in broad pH range of 3 to 13, the floe size was increased with increasing pH of culture broth. The optimum pH of fermentation broth for cell recovery was 10 to 13. The optimum coagulant dosages to recover cells with 95% cell recovery were increased with increasing cell concentration. Optimal coagulant dosage was lower when the polymerized coagulant was used rather than the inorganic coagulant. The coexistence of NH$_4$$\^$+/ was increased coagulant requirement, and the coagulant requirement was 0.066g Fe$_3$$\^$+//g NH$_4$$\^$+/.

• Journal of Adhesion and Interface
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• v.3 no.2
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• pp.45-52
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• 2002

기존의 점착제 합성방법에서 탈피하여 용액형 점착제(Solution)의 장점과 입자형 점착제(Emulsion)의 장점을 동시에 보유한 NAD (Non-Aqueous Dispersion Polymer)를 합성하였다. NAD는 메탄올 분위기에서 6개월 이상의 분산 안정성을 유지하였다. NAD는 용액에서 입자형 고분자의 형태를 이루고 있음을 도공 공정에서 확인하였다. 또한 기존의 아크릴 점착제의 장점과 고무계점착제의 장점을 결합한 고분자량의 점착제, GP (Graft Polymer)를 합성하였다. GP는 자체가 매우 높은 분자량을 보유하여 가교제의 첨가 없이도 우수한 물성을 나타내었다. GP는 일반적으로 고 분자량의 고분자에서 나타나는 Weissenberg effect 현상을 나타내었다. 이들의 점착제로 응용시 각각의 물성을 비교하여 나타내었다.