• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1976.06a
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• pp.87.4-88
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• 1976

The statistcal study was done on 81 cases of the foreign bodies in the food passages (73 cases) and air passages (8 cases), who had visited the Dept. of Otolaryngology of Kyung Hee Medical Center and treated endoscopically, from Nov. 1971 to Mar 1976. The results were as follows, 1) The incidence of esophageal foreign bodies (73 cases) in order of frequency was coin (61 cases; 83.6%), bone (6 cases; 8.2%), food particles (3 cases; 4.1%), discs (2 cases), and other metals (l case). The incidence of foreign bodies in the air passages (8 cases) was food particles (3 cases; 37.5%), pointed metal (2 cases; 25%), plastic pencil cap (l case), plastic ring (1 case), and wood piece (1 case) in order. 2) In sex distribution, 51 cases (62.9%) were males and 30 cases (37.1%) were females, and the ratio between males and females was about 1.7 : 1.3. In the age incidence, 69 cases (82.5%) of all foreign bodies were under 5 years of age, and especially, coin cases were 59 cases (96.7%) and the highest was 8 years of age, lowest was 11 months of age. 7 cases (87.5%) of all airway foreign bodies were under 10 years of age. 4) The ratio between the food passages(73 cases) and the air passages (8 cases) was about 9 : 1. In the location of the foreign bodies of the food passages, 66 cases (90.4%) were in the first esophageal narrowing, 5 cases (6.9%) in the second narrowing, and 2 cases (2.7%) in the third narrowing. In the air passages, the frequent sites were trachea (5 cases; 62.5%), larynx (2 cases), and bronchus (1 case) in order. 5) In duration of lodgement, 63 cases (86. 3%) of esophageal foreign bodies were removed within 24 hours, and one case was removed within 16 days. The number of cases lodged within 24 hours were 4 cases (50%). in the air passages and one case was removed within 18 days. 6) In treatment, 37 cases (50.7%) of esophageal foreign bodies were extracted by modified upper esophagoscopy, 33 cases (42.5%) by esophagoscopy under the local anesthesia, 3 cases (4.1%) by esophagoscopy under the general anesthesia. 8 cases of the coin cases were passed into the stomach during the endoscopic examination. Laryngeal foreign bodies (2 cases; 25%) were extracted by laryngoscopy under the local anesthesia. 2 cases (40%) of tracheal foreign bodies by Bronchoscopy with tracheotomy under the local anesthesia, 3 cases (60%) by Bronchoscopy under the general anesthesia, and bronchial foreign body (1 case) by open thoracotomy under the general anesthesia, at the Dept. of Chest surgery.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.11 no.3
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• pp.46-53
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• 2021

This study aimed to compare general and female health-related factor between day-work and shift-work worker. It is based on the data of the Korea National Health&Nutrition Examination Survey(KNHANES) 2nd year on 7th period. The number of participants was 10,430. Out of the participants, 1,995 workers' dara was analyzed. The age, marital status, education level, occupational status and childbirth experience of female workers indicated significant differences between day and shift work. By contrast, health-related quality of life did not represent significant differences these factors; income, subjective health cognition, stress perception, depression experience, menarcheal age, menopausal age and breastfeeding period. The shift work is inevitably implemented as an industrial development and flexible work hours. Therefore, social and national attention and measures as well as those of individual workers are required to reduce the side effects from shiftwork.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Applied Pharmacology
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• 1994.04a
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• pp.313-313
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• 1994

대상환자는 40예중 37예에서 평가가 가능하였고 남녀비는 11:26. 중앙연령 42세 이었으며 대상질환은 위선암 12에, 유방암 10예. 골옥종 5예등 이었다. rhGM-CSF에 의한 부작용은 150.250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군에서는 Grade I-II의 전신쇠약감, 근육통.심계항진등이 관찰되었으나 특별한 조치없이 회복되었다. 350$\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군에서는 8예에서 WHO grade II-III의 전신쇠약, 전신열감, 흉부압박감, 호흡곤란 등을 호소하였고 1예에서 투여 1일러 WHO gradeIII의 피부반응이 나타났으며, 이 중 2예에서는 rhGM-CSF를 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d로 감량투여후 상시 증상이 소실되었다. rhGM-CSF 투여전의 대조기와 투여기의 혈액학적 소견 비교시. 평균 중성구 최저치는 세 용량군에서 모두 관찰기에 비해 시험기어서 증가하였고. 평균 총 백혈군 최저치는 150.350 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군은 차이가 있었고 250 $\mu\textrm{g}$/$m^2$/d 용량군은 차이가 있었으나 통계적 유의성은 없었다. 비혈구치가 최저치에서 4.000/㎣ 이상으로 회복되는 평균일수와 호중구치가 최저치에서 2.000/㎣ 이상으로 회복되는 평균일수는 세 용량군 모두에서 관찰기어 비해 시험기에서 증가하였다. 고용량 항암약물요법후 중성구 감소에 의한 발열은 rhGM-CSF 비투여기에서 18예. rhGM-CSF 투여기에서 8예 관찰되었다고 발열기간은 각각 5-7일. 2-3일 이었다. 임상 양상은 세 용량군 간 차이가 없었으나, 시험기에서 발열의 발현율이 낮았으며, 발열일 수와 항생제 사용일 수가 짧았다. 결론: 골수억제 조절 효과는 용량에 따른 혈액소견에 미치는 영향, 부작용, 감염의 빈도, 감염발생에 따른 항생제 사용기간 등을 고려하여 그 임상 유효성 평가시, 제 3상 시험에 사용할 권장량 (recommended dose) 은 250 ug/$m^2$/d $\times$ 10d 으로 관찰되었다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.317-326
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• 2021

This study was investigated to identify the factors influencing health related quality of life in older women with low muscle strength in Korea. The study design was a cross sectional study based on 7th Korea National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data and the data were analyzed using the SPSS 26.0 program. The level of Health related Quality of Life(HRQoL) in older women with low muscle strength was 0.84. There were significant differences on HRQoL according to age, education level, perceived health, aerobic exercise, perceived stress, arthritis, osteoporosis and depression. The risk factors of HRQoL in older women with low muscle strength were age, education level, perceived health, perceived stress, aerobic exercise and arthritis. Based on this results to improve HRQoL, physical activity intervention should be developed to improve muscle strength and to manage arthritis in older women.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.25 no.2
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• pp.51-57
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• 2018

Objectives: Previous studies have shown that periodic limb movements in sleep (PLMS) could be one of risk factors for cardiovascular morbidity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between PLMS and blood pressure changes during sleep. Methods: We analyzed data from 358 adults (176 men and 182 women) aged 18 years and older who were free from sleep apnea syndrome (Respiratory Disturbance Index < 5) and sleep disorders such as REM sleep behavior disorder or narcolepsy. Demographic characteristics, polysomnography records, and clinical variable data including blood pressure, body mass index, alcohol, smoking, and current medications were collected. In addition, self-report questionnaires including the Beck Depression Index, Epworth Sleepiness Scale and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index were completed. Blood pressure change from bedtime to awakening was compared between the two periodic limb movement index (PLMI) groups [low PLMI ($PLMI{\leq}15$) and high PLMI (PLMI > 15)]. Blood pressure change patterns were compared using repeated measures analysis of variance. Results: Systolic blood pressure in the high PLMI group was lower than that in the low PLMI group (p = 0.036). These results were also significant when adjusted for gender and age, but were not statistically significant when adjusted for BMI, alcohol, smoking, anti-hypertension medication use and sleep efficiency (p = 0.098). Systolic blood pressure dropped by 9.7 mm Hg in the low PLMI group, and systolic blood pressure in the high PLMI group dropped by 2.9 mm Hg. There was a significant difference in delta systolic blood pressure after sleep between the two groups in women when adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, antihypertensive medication use and sleep efficiency (p = 0.023). Conclusion: PLMS was significantly associated with a decreasing pattern in nocturnal BP during sleep, and this association remained significant in women when adjusted for age, BMI, alcohol, smoking, antihypertension medication use and sleep efficiency related to blood pressure. We suggest that PLMS may be associated with cardiovascular morbidity.

• Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics
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• v.49 no.5
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• pp.552-557
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• 2006

Purpose : The recent results observed in precocious puberty and the hope that interrupting puberty might increase adult height have led to an attempt to use GnRH agonist(GnRHa) in children with premature puberty and a poor growth prognosis. We aimed to analyze the growth promoting effect of GnRHa in girls with early puberty and low predicted adult height(PAH). Methods : Thirty six girls were recruited. They were grouped according to the GnRHa treatment period(group 1>6 mo, n=18; group 2<6 mo, n=18). The following variables were analyzed before and after GnRHa treatment : chronological age(CA), bone age(BA), ${\Delta}age$(CA-BA), height, target height (TH), PAH, serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3. Results : Duration of the GnRHa treatment was $0.89{\pm}0.81yr$($1.37{\pm}0.92yr$ in group 1, and $0.41{\pm}0.08yr$ in group 2). Before treatment, none of the variables were different between the two groups. There were no differences in the following variables the between two groups at the end of treatment : CA, BA, ${\Delta}age$, PAH, serum IGF-1, IGFBP-3. But, growth velocity(GV) and PAH increment during treatment were significantly reduced in group 1. Compared with initial PAH, PAH at the end of treatment was significantly increased($3.7{\pm}3.2cm$). The last serum levels of IGF-1 and IGFBP-3 were lower than those before treatment. Conclusion : Even though last PAH didn't approach TH, short term GnRHa administration in early puberty with low predicted PAH was somewhat effective. But, GnRHa administration suppressed the growth hormone-IGF-1 axis. Therefore, it is recommended that growth hormone(GH) should be used in combination with GnRHa.

• Journal of Convergence for Information Technology
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• v.8 no.6
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• pp.75-84
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• 2018

Objects: This study is a descriptive study to identify the factors influencing the glycated hemoglobin control in type 2 diabetes patients. Methods: This study used raw data from the third year of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey performed from 2015. The subjects were 285 people who were classified as type 2 diabetes patients among the 7,380 participants of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Findings: The factors influencing the glycated hemoglobin control in type 2 diabetes patients were found to be age, education level, prevalence period and sleeping time. Improvements: In type 2 diabetes patients, it is very important to have appropriate education on diabetes when they discovered the disease morbidity in the middle age rather than in the aged period and to have enough sleeping time. A practical program to help this education and training should be developed.

• Clinics in Shoulder and Elbow
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.42-49
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• 2007

Purpose: To compare the thickness of the repaired full-thickness rotator-cuff tear to that of normal rotator-cuff in young and old persons and evaluate the relationship between the tear size and the repaired thickness in the full-thickness tear using MRI. Materials and Methods: The thickness of the rotator-cuff of the repaired full thickness tear(age: $45{\sim}77$, mean 63.3 years, 19 patients: group 1) were compared with those of old intact patients(age: $46{\sim}69$, mean 57.9 years, 23 patients: group 2) and young intact patients (age: $18{\sim}30$, mean 23.3 years, 22 patients: group 3). The tear length and width was measured in oblique coronal and oblique sagittal view of MRA, respectively, and the thickness was measured in coronal oblique view 15mm anterior to the posterolateral margin of the glenoid. Correlation between the preoperative tear size (the bigger one between the length and the width) and the postoperative thickness in group 1 was also evaluated statistically. Results: The postoperative rotator-cuff thickness in group 1 was 3.0 mm in average, which was inversely proportional to the preoperative tear size (P<0.001). The rotator-cuff thickness was 3.9mm in group 2 and 5.0mm in group 3, and there was statistically significant difference among the three groups(P<0.05). Conclusion: The rotator-cuff thickness decreases with age and the postoperative thickness in the full-thickness tear was inversely proportional to the tear size, smaller than that of the intact rotator-cuff.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.32 no.1
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• pp.43-48
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• 1999

Background: Although treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by video-assisted thoracic surgery(VATS) has generally shown better clinical results than conventional thoracotomy, treatment of spontaneous pneumothorax by midaxillary thoracotomy(MAXT) has also shown good clinical results. The author studied to compare the clinical results of MAXT group I and VATS group II. Material and Method : Group I included 30 midaxillary thoracotomy among 83 operative cases of spontaneous pneumothorax from Jan. 1992 to Dec. 1993. Group II included 30 VATS among 101 operative cases of pneumothorax from Jan. 1994 to Aug. 1995. The author selected the 30 patients, age 18 to 25 years, with recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax in each group. The author analyzed the operative indication, gender, operating time, amounts of the used staplers, tube drainage, total amounts of analgesics used during postoperative 24hr, tube stay time, postoperative complications and mortality. Result: The follow-up periods of both procedures were from 6 to 43 months. The operating time from start of skin incision to end of skin closure was 84.79${\pm}$21.70(from 40 to 150) minutes in MAXT group I and 108.8${\pm}$42.02(from 58 to 120) minutes in VATS group II(P<0.001). The numbers of the used staples useo was 1.31${\pm}$0.6(from 0 to 3) in group I and 3.41${\pm}$2.37(from 0 to 11) in group II. The amounts of postoperative 24hour tube drainage were 220.76${\pm}$106.73(from 65 to 400) ml in group I and 260.63${\pm}$233.18(from 70 to 320) in group II(P>0.05). The amounts of postoperative 24 hourly used analgesics(Tarasyn ) was 1.38${\pm}$1.32(from 0 to 5) amples in group I and 0.72${\pm}$1.02(from 0 to 4) amples in group II (P<0.05). The postoperative tube stay is 5.45${\pm}$30.9 (from 3 to 7) days in group I and 4.75${\pm}$3.1(9 from 2 to 14) days in group II(P>0.05). The number of complications after operations was 2 cases of prolonged air leakage in group I, and in group II. (P is not significant). The number of recurrence after the operation was one in group I and also one in group II(P is not significant). In conclusion, there were no statistical differences in the postoperative 24 hour chest tube drainage, days of postoperative tube stay, postoperative complications and recurrence in the analysis between group I and group II. Conclusion: The author found that group II of VATS between 18 years and 25 years of age in recurrent spontaneous pneumothorax, statistically, requires longer operative time, more number of autosuture staples and less postoperative analgesic dosage than the midaxillary thoracotomy group I.

• Journal of the Korean housing association
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.129-140
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• 2004

The purpose of this study was to identify the general characteristics of test subjects in association with three planned housing alternatives in different focus level of work opportunities, leisure activities and services. Subjects used in the study were people in their 50's who were surveyed in 2002. A total of 464 subjects were selected from 556 samples. Statistical significance was found between the preferred housing alternatives and the subjects' background including education level of the subjects and their spouses, monthly income, assets, subjective economic capabilities, and housing size. However, there was no statistically significant differences in recognition of housing problems for later life among groups. Groups selecting different planned housing alternatives showed statistically significant differences for some features of the senior housing. From these results, it is proposed that various designs based on the levels of work opportunities, leisure activities, and services for the senior housing should be provided to satisfy the demands.