• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.28 no.6
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• pp.361-374
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• 2016

When the seabed around and under gravity structures such as submerged breakwater is exposed to a large wave action long period, the excess pore pressure is generated significantly due to pore volume change associated with rearrangement soil grains. This effect leads a seabed liquefaction around and under structures as a result from decrease in the effective stress, and the possibility of structure failure is increased eventually. These facts shown above have been investigated in the previous studies related to regular and irregular waves. This study suggested a concrete mat for preventing the seabed liquefaction near the submerged breakwater. The concrete mat was mainly used as a countermeasure for scouring protection in riverbed. According to installation of the concrete mattress, the time and spatial series of the deformation of submerged breakwater, the pore water pressure, and the pore water pressure ratio in the seabed were investigated. Their results were also compared with those of the seabed unprotected with the concrete mat. The results presented were confirmed that the liquefaction potential of seabed under the concrete mattress is significantly reduced under regular wave field.

• Journal of Life Science
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• v.8 no.4
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• pp.410-415
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• 1998

Procine pepsin hydrolysis of hexapeptide L-S-pNF-Nle-A-OMe in the presence of dipeptide L-L generates a new peak on HPLC analysis of reaction mixtures that is not seen when enzyme is incubated with either peptide alone. The peaks can be detected spectroscopically at either 214 or 254 nm, the latter consistent with a new peptide containing the p-nitro-F residue. The data suggest acyl transpeptidation between E(L-S-pNF) and L-L to form L-S-pNF-L-L. Consistent with this inference are (1) the ability of L-L-NH$_{2}$ and inability of Boc-L-L to undergo a similar transpeptidation reaction, and (2) the data from electrospray mass spectrum. This synthesis requires that Nle-A-L-OMe be released before L-S-pNF, an order opposite to that proposed on the basis of product inhibition kinetics. Consistent with this inference are reciprocal solvent isotope effects ; normal isotope effects of 1.736$\pm$0.121 on the formation of Nle-A-L-OMe and 2.281$\pm$0.184 in the formation of L-S-pNF, coupled to an inverse isotope effects of 0.576$\pm$0.045 on the formation of L-S-pNF-L-L. Because transpeptidation precedes faster in D$_{2}$O, the isotopically-sensitive step must occur after release of Nle-A-L-OMe. Isotopically-enhanced transpeptidation is consistent with the Uni-Bi iso memchanism postulated on the basis of an isotope effects on Vmax but not on Vmax/Km$^{1)}$ and confirmed by isotope effects on the onset of inhibition by pepstatin$^{2)}$.

• Journal of the Korea institute for structural maintenance and inspection
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• v.20 no.5
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• pp.109-115
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• 2016

A demand of high bearing capacity of piles to resist heavy static loads has been increased. For this reason, the utilization of large diameter PHC piles including a range from 700 mm to 1,200 mm have been increased and applied to the construction sites in Korea recently. In this study, in order to increase the flexural strength capacity of the PHC pile, the large diameter composite PHC pile reinforced by in-filled concrete and reinforcement was developed and manufactured. All the specimens were tested under four-point bending setup and displacement control. From the strain behavior of transverse bar, it was found that the presence of transverse bar was effective against crack propagation and controlling crack width as well as prevented the web shear cracks. The flexural strength and mid-span deflection of LICPT specimens were increased by a maximum of 1.08 times and 1.19 times compared to the LICP specimens. This results indicated that the installed transverse bar is in an advantageous ductility performance of the PHC piles. A conventional layered sectional analysis for the pile specimens was performed to investigate the flexural strength according to the each used material. The calculated bending moment of conventional PHC pile and composite PHC pile, which was determined by P-M interaction curve, showed a safety factor 1.13 and 1.16 compared to the test results.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.28 no.8
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• pp.21-29
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• 2012

At-rest lateral stress coefficient that is used for the evaluation of geotechnical structures such as foundations and retaining walls plays a significant role in the analysis and design, as a state variable of in-situ stress condition. In the widely applied Jaky's Ko equation stress condition can be inferred from the internal friction angle obtainable from the laboratory experimentation whereas the eguation mares it challenging to evaluate the influences and criteria of particle characteristics which is essential for the application of friction angles in practices. Thus, this study experimentally explored the behaviors of Ko depending on the relative density, particle shape, and surface roughness effect during a range of loading stages. The Ko values of Jumumjin sand, glass beads, and etched glass beads were measured using a customized Ko device housing strain gauges during loading-unloading-reloading steps, and the effect of dominant factors on Ko is analyzed. Results show that the high Ko prevails for both round and angular specimens with low relative density and the surface roughness has a nominal effect. The angular particles exhibit low Ko for specimens with similar relative density. The characteristics of relevance between Ko and friction angles with varying relative density are also investigated based on the experimental results using empirical correlations and previously reported values.

• The Journal of Korean Medicine Ophthalmology and Otolaryngology and Dermatology
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.23-42
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• 2020

Objectives : This study is designed to analyze the outpatients who received medical treatments for ear diseases in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Daejeon Korean Medical Hospital from March, 2013 to February, 2019. Methods : We classified the otology outpatients who received medical treatments in ophthalmology & otolaryngology & dermatology clinic of Daejeon Korean Medical Hospital from March, 2012 to February, 2019 according to gender, year, age, season, anatomical parts, and main diagnosis. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 25.0. Results : 1. The number of outpatients with ear diseases were 880; 505 female and 375 male. The number of female patients were approximately 1.7 times higher. 2. The average age of the outpatients with ear diseases were 50.0. The number of middle-aged (40-50s) patients were 439, which is almost half the number(49.9%) of the whole patients. 3. By analyzing the number of patients classified by year, we found out that the number of the outpatients with ear diseases has increased gradually for the past 7 years. 4. In the analysis of the number of patients classified by the anatomical parts of the ear, the inner ear diseases group were the largest, amounting to 79.3% of the whole patients. 5. In the analysis of the number of patients classified by main diagnosis, Tinnitus turns out to be the largest group with 338 patients, followed by sudden sensorineural hearing loss, dizziness, otalgia, Meniere's syndrome, otitis, auditory tube dysfunction, BPPV. 6. No statistical-significant difference were shown in the analysis of the number of patients classified by season. Conclusions : It turns out that patients with ear diseases had increased by the years, and middle aged patients (40-50s) were the largest among the age groups. Most of the patients came for the inner-ear diseases, and tinnitus, sudden sensorineural hearing loss took up the largest proportions.

• Journal of Korea Port Economic Association
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• v.27 no.3
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• pp.331-348
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• 2011

Recently, international society strongly concerns global green house effect. As a result each nation introduces green policy for their economy and sustainable development. The emissions of carbon dioxide come from various sources, such as ports and port activities. Especially, port is a logistics hub for shipping, road and railways. Therefore, successful reduction of emissions in the port may encourage other transportations to reduce emissions. Korea as developing country is excused from Annex I countries which committed themselves to reduce four greenhouse gases. However, Korea is going to be placed in Annex I countries in 2013. Korean economy is heavily dependent on international trade and especially, 99.8% of its international trade cargoes is transported through the ports. Therefore, Eco-port plays a very important role in future Korean sustainable development. By introducing the most advanced port pollution regulations, Japan has taken a immediate step for Eco-port policy. International trade is very significant in Korea as well as in Japan, both nations have similar industrial structure. Therefore, Korea should pay attention to Japanese Eco-port policy and activities. This paper examines Japanese Eco-port policy and its' implications in order for Korea to find the most efficient way to reduce the emissions as Korea should reduce greenhouse gas emissions in post kyoto system.

• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.77-88
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• 2019

Appropriation means the process of transforming resources to property. John Locke earlier investigated the appropriation process of natural resources into the land property, which grounded the jurisprudential base of the private ownership of the land. In the same way human resources are transformed into the human assets. Appropriation process, very rarely studied so far, in this case of human property is the focus of this paper. The appropriation of intangible property is by far easier than the appropriation of tangible property. Learning is a process of embodiment, which naturally mean the process of appropriation. For the material resources which exist out of human body, appropriation necessary need special philosophical and institutional justification. In the process appropriation for intangibles, investigator found, appropriator and learner either can be same, or can be differentiated. In the former case substantial human assets are created while in the latter relational human assets are built. After the discussion of appropriation process, Investigator proceeds to the problem of visualizing the invisibles. Evaluation and assessment issue were discussed in this perspective. Qualification system is particularly noted as a system to regulate substantial human assets including their issuing and registration. The work done in this paper would contribute in understanding the law of education and the law of qualification.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.4 no.4
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• pp.314-320
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• 1996

Antitumouric effect of loquat was investigated treating the extract from leaves, stems, fruits or seeds to normal and cancer cell lines to check by MTT method wheather the cancer cells are spec­ifially attacked. The results are summarized as follows. Water of MeOH extract from each organ were applied to human normal and cancer cell lines, SNU-1 and SNU-C4. The water extract from fruit flesh gave no dffect to normal cell lines by killed all the cancer cell lines. The water extract from fruit flesh was purified by Sephadex LH-20 and separated into 9 fractions which were than applied to 8 cancer cell lines. The eighth fraction out of the 9 fractions gave no effect to normal cells but exerted specific cytotoxicity to breast cancer, stomach and liver cancer cells. The eighth fraction was orally administed and injected to 10 mice each suffering from the abdominal cancer induced by myeloma cells, SP2/0-Ag14. In the groups received the treatment, only one mouse each died in 2 months but the rest survived until the end of the experimental period, which those in the control plot died in 10 to 13 days. The present results confirmed that loquat contained some substance that had specific cytotoxicity to human cancer cells.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.34 no.6
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• pp.632-637
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• 2001

Components of polysaccharides isolated from ascidian tunic were measuerd by gel filtration, electrophoresis and chemical analyses. The sulfated polysaccharides consisted in sulfate, protein, uronic acid and amino sugars. Hexosamines were composed of arabinose, xylose, glucose, galactose, glucuronic acid, N-acetylgalactosamine and N-acetylglucosamine by gas chromatography analysis. The galactose was predominant hexose after autoclave and nutrase digestion followed by DEAE-cellulose ion exchange chromatography and gel-permeation chromatography on Sephadex G-100 and G-25. FT-IR spectra of isolated polysaccharides from ascidian tunic and standard chondroitin sulfates have similar functional groups of the type of vibration and frequency. Molecular weight of isolated polysaccharides by autoclave represented more than 40 kDa by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. But the neutrase treatment group divided into three band. The highest molecular band group was shown more than 100 kDa, and the two low molecular band group were shown about 22 kDa and 5 kDa, respectively, compare to standard materials.

• Korean Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences
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• v.35 no.2
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• pp.155-161
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• 2002

Tetraselmis suecica (T. suecica) of Prasinophyta was selected because the growth rate is comparatively higher and the culturing is also easy. In order to investigate antioxidative activity, the soluble elements of T. suecica were fractionated using water and organic solvents such as methanol, hexane, chloroform, ethylacetate and butanol. The chloroform fraction of T. suecica showed strong antioxidative activity. The potential antioxidative activity was detected in hexane: ethylacetate (1:5) once used the fractions by different mixtures of organic solvents. This fraction was further purified by preparative thin layer chromatography (PTLC) and repeated reverse-phase HPLC. On the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidences obtained by UV, FT-IR, FAB-MS and NMR, the compound purified from T. suecica was identified as pheophorbide-a. The antioxidative activity of the compound was comparable to that of $\alpha$-tocopherol and could be act as an antioxidant in foods.