• The Korean Journal of Pesticide Science
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• v.12 no.1
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• pp.1-8
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• 2008

The widespread and diverse sulfonylurea (SU) resistance problem has found in Korea, where one-shot-treatment herbicides such as pylazosulfuron/molinate and bensulfuron/molinate have been used continuously since 1989. The SU-resistant weeds of 7 annual weeds and 3 perennial weeds as of 2008 have confirmed in paddy fields in Korea. An effective management to SU-resistant weeds requires an integrated approach toward the weed control system, in particular, as to the drastic changes of herbicides development. Recent trend of new paddy herbicides in Japan has been developing to maximize the management of SU-resistant weeds. In the future, it is expected that the development of paddy herbicides in Korea is likely to be shifted toward the new "one-shot-treatment" included with herbicides of over 3-ways to maximize the control of resistant weeds. Bromobutide and carfentrazone are effective against sedges and broad-leaved weeds, respectively, and benzobicyclone and pyrimisulfam are effective against sedges and broad-leaved weeds.

• The Bimonthly Magazine for Agrochemicals and Plant Protection
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• v.10 no.6 s.93
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• pp.25-31
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• 1989

제초제의 해독제란 제초제 약해로부터 작물을 선택적으로 보호하는 화합물을 의미한다. 현재 사용되고 있는 제초제 해독제는 작물에 흡수, 이행되는 제초제의 양을 줄여주거나 작물체내에서 제초제의 대사작용 속도를 촉진하여 무독성화 시킴으로써 작물의 약해를 경감시킨다.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• s.248
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• pp.50-53
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• 2009

제초제가 보급되면서 분명 벼 재배의 생력화는 누구도 부인할 수 없을 것이다. 농업인들은 저항성 잡초가 발생하지 않도록 계열이 다른 약제를 바꾸어 가며 사용하고, 이미 발생된 포장에는 빠른 기간 내에 제거될 수 있도록 제초제를 체계적으로 잘 사용하여야 한다.

• Life and Agrochemicals
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• s.247
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• pp.28-31
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• 2009

1990년 중반이후 저항성 잡초에 대한 방제체계가 확립되지 못함에 따라 제초제의 사용량이 더욱 늘었다. 그러다가 2000년 이후부터 단위 면적당 투여량이 적은 제초제가 늘면서 유효성분 함량이 낮은 약제끼리 합제로 개발되고 있어 성분이 낮은 제초제가 많이 늘어나고 있다.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.221-229
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• 2013

This paper reviews current status of weed control practices in herbicide-resistant crops to examine weed management strategies in cope with cropping herbicide-resistant crops in the near future. Herbicide-resistant crops were rapidly adopted weed management technologies due to broad-spectrum weed control without crop injury. Transgenic glyphosate-resistant cultivars in soybean, corn, canola, and cotton were adopted to manage weeds at lower cost in a simplified weed management system. Dual stack crops with glyphosate and glufosinate resistance were developed to control glyphosate resistant weeds in corn, soybean and cotton. New multiple herbicide-resistant crops with resistance to glyphosate and glufosinate, acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors, synthetic auxin herbicides, 4-hydroxyphenyl pyruvate dioxygenase (HPPD) inhibitors or acetyl Coenzyme A carboxylase (ACCase) inhibitors will expended the utility of existing herbicide technologies to manage the evolution of resistant weeds. However, herbicide resistant crops alone cannot solve weed problems and thus studies on diverse weed managements using an array of alternating herbicides of mode of action, mechanical, and cultural practices are needed for integrated weed management systems in the future.

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.201-208
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• 2018

This study was conducted to investigate the occurrence and distribution of herbicide resistant weeds at rice fields in Chungnam province of Korea in 2017. Herbicide-resistant weeds occurred in 64,782 ha, which comprise 47.0% of the total paddy field area of Chungnam province. The infested area of herbicide resistant weeds was estimated in Seosan-si (11.9%), Nonsan-si (11.1%), Dangjin-si (10.9%), Boryeong-si (9.2%) and Asan-si (7.8%). The most dominant herbicide resistant weeds in rice fields were Monochoria vaginalis, followed by Lindernia dubia, Schoenoplectus juncoides, Echinochloa oryzicola, Cyperus difformis and Sagittaria trifolia. Herbicide resistant M. vaginalis, L. dubia, and S. juncoides occurred throughout Chungnam province, and herbicide resistant S. trifolia was only found in Dangjin-si. Compared with the 2011 survey, the infested area of herbicide-resistant weeds decreased, but the incidence rates were similar. The herbicide rotation with different modes of actions across growing seasons is recommended to control herbicide-resistant weeds in the infested fields. It is necessary to monitor herbicide resistance regularly and conduct integrated herbicide resistance management in this area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Grassland Science Conference
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• 1999.06a
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• pp.84-84
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• 1999

사일리지용 옥수수 만파재배시 잡초방제를 위해서 알라유제 ＋ 씨마네수화제외 4종의 제초제를 공시하여 6처리 난괴법 3반복으로 시험을 수행한 결과 얻어진 성적을 요약하면 다음과 같다. 1. 제초제 처리후 옥수수 출현은 처리간 차이 없이 양호하여 공시한 제초제 모두 옥수수에 약해를 미치지 않았다. 2. 제초제 처리별 잡초방제는 기존처리구인 알라유제 ＋ 씨마네수화제 처리구보다는 파라코액제, 글라신액제, 글루포시네이트암모늄액제 및 설포세이트액제를 추가한 처리구에서 방제율 92-94%로 우수하였다.(중략)

• Weed & Turfgrass Science
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• v.3 no.4
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• pp.312-317
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• 2014

This study was conducted to obtain basis information for effective weed control by the fact-finding survey of herbicides use at farmer's level and distribution of herbicide resistant weeds in paddy field of Jeonbuk province, Korea. The distributions of major paddy field weeds and frequently used herbicide according to the survey were as follows. The dominant weeds in rice paddy field were Echinochloa crus-galli, Eleocharis kuroguwai, Scirpus juncoides, Monochoria vaginalis, etc.. Preferred herbicides widely used by farmers were ranked in the following order, early and middle treatment (48.0%), treatment before transplanting (36.7%) and foliar treatment (15.3%). The occurrence of herbicide-resistant weeds according to collected paddy soils was as follows. The occurring area of herbicide-resistant weeds was 24,413 ha, approximately 18.4% of rice cultivation area. Herbicide-resistant weeds were occurred in four species. The order of occurrence were Scirpus juncoides (39.0%) > Monochoria vaginalis (27.8%) > Echinochloa crus-galli (16.6%) and Cyperus difformis (16.6%). This information could be useful for estimation of future herbicide-resistant weed and establishment of herbicide-resistant weed control methods in Jeonbuk province, Korea.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.140-149
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• 1996

Three hundred rice(Oryza sativa L.) cultivars were screened for tolerance to butachlor [N-(buthoxymethyl)-2-chloro-N-(2,6-diethylphenyl) acetamide], thiobencarb(S-[(4-chlorophenyl)methyl]diethylcarbamothioate), and simetryn [N,N-diethyl-6-(methylthio)-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine]. The responses of the rice cultivars to herbicides differed depending upon the herbicides and their concentrations. New Sabarmati(BAS), Gora, PTB 18 were tolerant to butachlor, and Azucena, IR44707-31-1-3-2, ARC 7293 to thiobencarb, while Gora, ARC 7293, and Dudmona were tolerant to both herbicides. Response of rice to simetryn differed from its response to butachlor and thiobencarb. Inhibition of shoot growth and fresh weight increased as the temperature and herbicide concentration increased. There was a higher correlation among rice cultivars response to butachlor and thiobencarb in the greenhouse when laboratory studies were conducted at higher temperatures.

• Korean Journal of Weed Science
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.119-133
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• 2011

Sulfonylurea (SU)-resistant weeds include seven annual weeds such as Monochoria vaginalis, Scirpus juncoides and Cyperus difformis, etc., and three perennial weeds of Scirpus planiculmis, Sagittaria pigmaea and Eleocharis acicularis as of 2010 since identification Monochoria korsakowii in the reclaimed rice field in 1998. The Echinochloa oryzoides resistant to acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACCase) and acetolactate synthase (ALS) inhibitors has been confirmed in wet-direct seeding rice field of the southern province, Korea in 2009. In the beginning of occurrence of SU-resistant weeds the M. vaginalis, S. juncoides and C. difformis were rapidly and individually spreaded in different fields, however, theses resistant weeds have been occurring simultaneously in the same filed as time goes by. The resistant biotype by weed species demonstrated about 10- to 1,000-fold resistance, base on $GR_{50}$ (50% growth reduction) values of the SU herbicides tested. And the resistant biotype of E. oryzoides to cyhalofop-butyl, pyriminobac-methyl, and penoxsulam was about 14, 8, and 11 times more resistant than the susceptible biotype base on $GR_{50}$ values. In history of paddy herbicides in Korea, the introduction of SU herbicides including besulfuron-metyl and pyrazosulfuron-ethyl that control many troublesome weeds at low use rates and provide excellent crop safety gave farmers and many workers for herbicide business refreshing jolt. The products and applied area of SU-included herbicides have been rapidly increased, and have accounted for about 69% and 96%, respectively, in Korea. The top ten herbicides by applied area were composed of all SU-included herbicides by 2003. The concentrated and successive treatment of ACCase and ALS inhibitors for control of barnyardgrass in direct-seeded rice led up to the resistance of E. oryzoides. Also, SU-herbicides like pyrazosulfuron-ethyl and imazosulfuron which are effective to barnyardgrass can be bound up with the resistance of E. oryzoides. The ALS activity isolated from the resistant biotype of M. korsakowii to SU-herbicides tested was less sensitive than that of susceptible biotype. The concentration of herbicide required for 50% inhibition of ALS activity ($I_{50}$) of the SU-resistant M. korsakowii was 14- to 76-fold higher as compared to the susceptible biotype. No differences were observed in the rates of [$^{14}C$]bensulfuron uptake and translocation. ALS genes from M. vaginalis resistant and susceptible biotypes against SU-herbicides revealed a single amino acid substitution of proline (CCT), at 197th position based on the M. korsakowii ALS sequence numbering, to serin (TCT) in conserved domain A of the gene. Carfentrazone-ethyl and pyrazolate were used mainly to control SU-resistant M. vaginalis by 2006, the early period, in Korea. However, the alternative herbicides such as benzobicyclone, to be possible to control simultaneously the several resistant weeds, have been developing and using broadly because the several resistant weeds have been occurring simultaneously in the same filed. The top ten herbicides by applied area in Korea have been occupied by products of 3-way mixture type including herbicides with alternative mode of action for the herbicide resistant weeds. Mefenacet, fentrazamide and cafenstrole had excellent controlling effects on the ACCase and ALS inhibitors resistant when they were applied within 2 leaf stage.