• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.243.2-243.2
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• 2014

기존의 저압 플라즈마에 비해 여러 장점을 가지는 중간압력 플라즈마 및 대기압 플라즈마는 수년전부터 많은 관심을 받고 있으며 다양한 응용분야에서 활발히 이용되고 있다. 기초과학으로서의 플라즈마 측면뿐만 아니라 플라즈마 응용의 결과들은 플라즈마의 특성에 따라 좌우되므로 플라즈마 진단 역시 최근 플라즈마 연구에 중요한 부분을 차지하고 있다. 일반적으로 플라즈마 내의 모든 화학적 반응 및 물리적 반응에 있어 전자가 결정적인 역할을 하기 때문에 플라즈마 내의 전자의 정보를 대표하는 지표인 전자온도($n_e$) 및 전자밀도($T_e$)의 측정이 중요하다. 본 연구에서는 대기압 플라즈마에서 중성원자와 전자의 상호작용에 의한 연속 방출광을 자외선-가시광 영역에서 측정하고, 이를 기반으로 $n_e$ 및 $T_e$를 측정하였다. 높은 압력에서 불완전 전리된 플라즈마는 이온화율이 낮고 중성원자의 밀도가 이온밀도보다 훨씬 높기 때문에 중성 제동복사(Neutral bremsstrahlung)의 방사도를 이용한 ne 및 Te의 측정이 가능하다. 특히 아르곤 대기압 플라즈마에서 측정된 연속 방출광 스펙트럼의 자외선 영역(280~450 nm)에서는 중성 제동복사에 의한 연속 방출광뿐만 아니라 수소분자에 의한 dissociative 연속 방출광이 함께 존재하는 것이 확인되어 최종적으로 두 연속 방출광을 고려하여 정확한 ne 및 Te를 측정할 수 있었다. 대기압 아르곤 축전결합방전에서 입력전력에 따라 전자온도는 2.5 eV로 유지되었으며, 전자밀도는 $(0.7-1.1){\times}10^{12}cm^{-3}$ 범위에서 $j_d{\propto}n_e{\propto}P_{rf}$ 관계를 따르며 변화하는 것이 관찰되었다.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1282-1287
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• 2004

The bubble behavior and the radiation mechanism from a laser-induced collapsing bubble were investigated theoretically using the Keller-Miksis equation for the bubble wall motion and analytical solutions for the vapor inside bubble. The calculated time dependent bubble radius is in good agreement with observed ones. The half-width of the luminescence pulse at the collapse point, which was calculated under assumption that the light emission mechanism is black body radiation from the vapor bubble agreed well with observed value of several nanoseconds. The gas content inside the vapor bubble was too small to produce the light emission due to bremsstrahlung.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine Technology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.50-53
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• 2019

Purpose Yttrium-90 (Y-90) is high-energy beta emitters ($E{\beta}$, max = 2.28 MeV) with the mean penetration depth of 2.5 mm in tissue. Radioactive microspheres containing Y-90 is widely used for the transarterial radioembolization of hepatocellular carcinoma. However, bremsstrahlung radiation from Y-90 can cause the external radiation exposure to medical staff who handle the Y-90 microspheres. In this study, shielding device for Y-90 microspheres was developed to minimize the external radiation exposure. Materials and Methods Y-90 microsphere shielding device was made from 6 mm thicknesses of tungsten including the lead glass window. Radiation shielding ability of Y-90 microsphere shielding device was evaluated using 4 GBq of $SIR-Spheres^{(R)}$ Y-90 microspheres. The bremsstrahlung radiation was measured using radiation survey meter. Results The mean radiation dose of Y-90 microspheres in acrylic shield was $261.7{\pm}2.3{\mu}Sv/h$ (n=5) at 10 cm away from the shield. With the additional tungsten shielding device, it was $23.7{\pm}1.3{\mu}Sv/h$ (n=5). Thus, the bremsstrahlung radiation dose was decreased by 90.9%. At 50 cm away from the shield, bremsstrahlung radiation was reduced by 89.2% after using tungsten shielding device. Conclusion During the preparation and radioembolization of Y-90 microsphere, medical staff are exposed to external radiation. In this study, we demonstrated that the use of tungsten shielding device devices significantly reduced the amount of bremsstrahlung radiation. Y-90 microsphere tungsten shielding device can be highly effective in reducing the bremsstrahlung radiation.

• Proceedings of the KSME Conference
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• 2004.11a
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• pp.1201-1206
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• 2004

Sonoluminescence (SL) characteristics such as pulse shape, radiance and spectrum radiance from submicron bubbles were investigated. In this study, a set of analytical solutions of the Navier-Stokes equations for the gas inside bubble and equations obtained from mass, momentum and energy equations for the liquid layer adjacent the bubble wall were used to estimate the gas temperature and pressure at the collapse point, which are crucial parameters to determine the SL characteristics. Heat transfer inside the gas bubble as well as at the liquid boundary layer, which was not considered in the most of previous studies on the sonoluminescence was taken it into account in the calculation of the temperature distribution inside the bubble. It was found that bremsstrahlung is a very possible mechanism of the light emission from either micron or submicron bubbles. It was also found that the peak temperature exceeding $10^{6}$ K in the submicron bubble driven at 1 MHz and 4 atm may be due to the rapid change of the bubble wall acceleration near the collapse point rather than shock formation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Nuclear Society Conference
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• 1996.05d
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• pp.23-27
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• 1996

$\beta$-선 흡수선량의 1차 표준이 확립되지않은 상황에서 측정표준이 이미 확립된 외국의 표준기관에서 검증되어 도입된 $\beta$-선 흡수선량 조사시설에 대해 ISO-6980에서 명시한 항목에 대해 성능실험을 수행하였고, 외삽형전리함을 사용하여 측정된 이온화전류로 부터 흡수선량률을 재평가하여 외국의 검증결과와 비교하였다. 조사시설의 성능실험 결과 Sr$^{90}$ +Y$^{90}$ 선원에 대해 선원으로부터 30cm거리에서 빔 균일도, 제동복사선 기여도 및 $\beta$-선 최대잔여에너지가 기준에 적합한 것으로 나타났다. 그리고 흡수선량 평가결과는 '96. 4. 1을 기준으로하여 20 $^{\circ}C$,1기압에서 2.686 ($\pm$2.73%)$\mu$Gy/sec로 외국표준기관의 측정치와 1.8%이내에서 일치하는 것으로 나타났다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.32 no.11
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• pp.832-840
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• 2008

Ablation occurs at irradiance beyond $10^9\;W/cm^2$ with nanosecond and short laser pulses focused onto any materials. Phenomenologically, the surface temperature is instantaneously heated past its vaporization temperature. Before the surface layer is able to vaporize, underlying material will reach its vaporization temperature. Temperature and pressure of the underlying material are raised beyond their critical values, causing the surface to explode. The pressure over the irradiated surface from the recoil of vaporized material can be as high as $10^5\;MPa$. The interaction of high power nanosecond laser with a thin metal in air has been investigated. The nanosecond pulse laser beam in atmosphere generates intensive explosions of the materials. The explosive ejection of materials make the surrounding gas compressed, which form a shock wave that travels at several thousand meters per second. To understand the laser ablation mechanism including the heating and ionization of the metal after lasing, the temporal evolution of shock waves is captured on an ICCD camera through laser flash shadowgraphy. The expansion of shock wave in atmosphere was found to agree with the Sedov's self-similar spherical blast wave solution.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society of Propulsion Engineers Conference
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• 2007.04a
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• pp.353-357
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• 2007

We have been setting up experiments on propagation of shock waves generated by the pulsed laser ablation. One side of a thin metal foil is subjected to laser ablation as a shock wave propagates through the foil. The shock wave, which penetrates through the foil is reflected by an acoustic impedance which causes the metal foil to high-strain rate deform. This short time physics is captured on an ICCD camera. The focus of our research is applying shock wave and deformation of the thin foil from the ablation to accelerating micro-particles to a very high speed.

• Progress in Medical Physics
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.187-194
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• 2002

In this work we investigated through Monte Carlo calculations the physical characteristics of the absorbed dose from the Ir-192 source used in brachytherapy The Monte Carlo calculations were performed using the code EGS4, which was extensively modified in order to handle cylindrical sources, phantoms, and energy distributions to suit out own purpose. From the results of the calculations for the $\beta$ -rays, it was found that they contribute on the average 0.02% to The total absorbed dose in the distance range of 0.5-5.0 cm from the source. This is due to the face that, although most of the primary $\beta$ -rays are absorbed in the source and encapsulation material, the resulting low energy braking radiation from them contribute to such a distance. The absorbed dose in the encapsulation material varied on the average from 2.8% for platinum down to 1.1% for iron. The radial dose functions obtained by our Monte Carlo calculations were consistent within $\pm$3% with those of the TG-43 report for the radial distance interval 0.5-10.0 cm from the source. The user code we wrote in this work can be used for other sources of different sizes and so it can be very useful in designing and producing the sources for brachytherapy.

• Journal of Radiation Protection and Research
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.14-28
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• 1985

The development of mono energetic photon sources using $K_{\alpha}$ fluorescence X-ray of pure material was carried out in the energy range below 100 keV. The monoenergetic photons are very useful in the calibration of the radiation measuring instruments and can be produced as the $K_{\alpha}$ fluorescence X-ray by irradiating the bremsstrahlung to the thin pure metal foils called ‘radiators’. In this experiment, several radiators such as $_{47}Ag,\;_{50}Sn,\;_{68}Er,\;_{70}Yb,\;and\;_{82}Pb$ provide the wide monoenergetic photon energy ranging from 20 keV to 80 keV. By the spectrometry with HpGe LEPS, spectral purity factors which measure the monochrometicity for the $K_{\alpha}$ fluorescence X-ray, were determined as $0.64{\sim}0.94$. Dosimetry for the purpose of the determination of the exposure rate with a 600cc thin window ionization chamber, which was calibrated by the standard free-air ionization chamber, was performed. Exposure rates ranging $8.3{\sim}232.5mR/h$ was obtained according to the $K_{\alpha}$ fluorescence X-ray energy for each radiator.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.7 no.3
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• pp.245-249
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• 2013

Neutron sources from photonuclear reaction with 46-MeV electron linear accelerator at Research Reactor Institute, Kyoto University used for resonance energy measurement of natural tantalum. BGO($Bi_4Ge_3O_{12}$) scintillation detectors used for measurement of the prompt gamma ray from the natural tantalum sample. The BGO spectrometer was composed geometrically as total energy absorption detector. The electric signal from the spectrometer was analyzed for TOF(Time-of-Flight) spectrum which is used identification of neutron capture resonance energy. In this study, the neutron energy region is from 1 to 200 eV, because of strong X-ray effect produced photonuclear reaction in Ta target, the measurement was performed to below 1 keV energy region. The resonance energy was compared with the evaluated values(ENDF/B-VI, Mughabghab). All of the resonances from 4.28 ~ 200 eV were seen in the present measurement except 144.3 eV resonance.