• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.179-184
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• 2018

Resin infiltration has been used as a treatment option for the management of early caries lesions recently. However, the etching procedure with hydrochloric acid might be somewhat stressful for the clinicians due to safety problem especially for young children, leading to less utility. This study aims at searching for some alternative surface pretreatment methods of resin infiltration for the early caries lesions in primary anterior teeth by comparing penetration depth of various methods. No significant difference was found in penetration ratio between etched surface with 15% hydrochloric acid and 35% phosphoric acid. However, the penetration ratio was significantly higher in groups pretreated either with dental pumice or abrasive metal strip (p < .05). By the result of this study, etching with phosphoric acid as an alternative of hydrochloric acid was thought clinically acceptable as a pretreatment method for resin infiltration in early caries lesions for primary anterior teeth. It was notable that surface conditioning with dental pumice or metal strip before etching was effective in increasing the penetration. This procedural modification might be much more correspondent with minimally invasive concept and hopefully contribute to increased safety and utility in pediatric dentistry.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.3
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• pp.257-265
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• 2020

This study was performed to evaluate the restoration combined with resin infiltration (RI) of early cavitated smooth surface caries lesion in terms of microleakage. Flowable resin and resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) were compared. Sound 20 extracted 3rd molars were divided into 2 groups randomly. Artificial decalcified lesion was induced. Cavities were prepared on the mesial and distal surfaces, and randomly set as experimental and control group. RI was applied to the experimental group before cavity restoration. The control group was restored without RI. In group I and II, flowable resin and RMGIC was used for restoration respectively. After thermocycling and silver nitrate immersion, microleakage was assessed by μ-CT. Depth of microleakage was lower in experimental group than control group only in group II (p = 0.05). Microleakage depth was lower in group II than group I in both experimental and control groups (p = 0.05). RI pretreatment before restoration of early cavitated caries lesions might reduce the microleakage and help long-term maintenance of restoration. In this study, RMGIC was less polymerization shrinkage. Restoration with RMGIC after RI pretreatment reduced the microleakage of the restoration compared to the flowable resin.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.93-98
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• 2020

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome is a rare X-linked, recessively inherited disorder of purine metabolism, caused by complete absence of the enzyme hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyl transferase. This syndrome is characterized by 3 major features: neurological dysfunction, hyperuricemia, and cognitive and behavioral disturbances (e.g., self-mutilation, which begins at 2 to 3 years of age). Uncontrollable self-mutilation begins with biting of the perioral tissues and extends into patterns such as finger biting and head hitting. This report describes the case of a 31-month-old boy who was diagnosed with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome with severe lip injuries caused by self-mutilative behaviors. The behaviors were blocked with a semi-fixed lip bumper for a short period. The device was applied to the patient on the day of the visit without the requirement for an oral impression. It was easy to manage oral hygiene and adjust the device because it was detachable by clinicians and guardians. Therefore, a semi-fixed lip bumper may be useful as an interim appliance to block selfmutilative behaviors in children with Lesch-Nyhan syndrome.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.20 no.2
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• pp.144-148
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• 2007

Purpose: The management of hemorrhagic shock is critical for trauma patients. To assess hemorrhagic shock, the clinician commonly uses a change in positional blood pressure, the shock index, an estimate of the diameter of inferior vena cava based on sonography, and an evaluation of hypoperfusion complex shown on a CT scan. To add the finding for the hypoperfusion complex, the 'halo sign' was introduced recently. To our knowledge, this 'halo sign' has not been evaluated for its clinical usefulness, so we designed this study to evaluate its usefulness and to find the useful CT signs for hypoperfusion complex. Methods: The study was done from January 2007 to May 2007. All medical records and CT images of 124 patients with trauma were reviewed, of which 103 patients were included. Exclusion criteria was as follows: 1) age < 15 year old and 2) head trauma score of AIS ${\geq}$ 5. Results: The value of kappa, to assess the inter-observer agreement, was 0.51 (p < 0.001). The variables of the halo-sign-positive group were statistically different from those of the halo-sign-negative group. The rate of transfusion for the halo-sign-positive group was about 10 times higher than that of the halo-sign-negative group and the rate of mortality was about 6 times higher. Conclusion: In the setting of trauma, early abdominal CT can show diffuse abnormalities due to hypoperfusion complex. Recognition of these signs is important in order to prevent an unwanted outcome in hemorrhagic shock. We conclude that the halo sign is a useful one for hypoperfusion complex and that it is useful for assessing the degree of hemorrhagic shock.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.33 no.3
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• pp.482-490
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• 2006

Deep caries in primary molars without early intervention frequently induce a pulpal disease and consequent abscess lesion in surrounding tissue. Especially in many furcation radiolucent lesions of primary molars, accessory canals in furcation areas of primary molars play an important role in theses pathological progress. Although the studies of these communication canals in furcation area of human permanent molar well documented, there has been little research showing their existence in primary molar. For the purpose of understanding the morphological characteristics of accessory canals at furcation areas of primary molars and examining its frequency and patency, 52 specimen teeth were observed under the scanning electro-microscope and tested with dye penetration under vacuum pressure, and obtained the results as follows : 1. In SEM study, the frequency of accessory foramina viewed from the external and internal furcation area was 60% and 35% respectively. Likewise the diameter of the accessory canals was within the range of $11{\sim}107{\mu}m$ and $12{\sim}62{\mu}m$ respectively. 2. The frequency of patent accessory canals evidenced by the dye penetrated under the vacuum suction at furca areas in primary molars was 50% among the 20 specimen teeth tested.

• Journal of Acupuncture Research
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.31-41
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• 2010

목적 : 침술은 한국과 같은 동아시아에서 잘 알려진 효과적인 치료법이며 정신 이상을 포함한 다양한 질환의 치료에 사용되어 왔다. 서양에서 침술은 유용한 보완대체의학으로서 각광을 받고 있다. 본 연구는 침술이 코카인 섭취를 줄이는 데에 있어서 효과가 있는지, 또 경혈의 복합 처방이 단일 경혈에 비해 더 효과적인지 여부를 알아보고자 계획되었다. 방법 : 본 실험에서는 270~300 그램의 웅성 흰쥐에게 FR 1 프로그램에서 먹이를 자가 섭취하도록 훈련시켰다. 동물이 3일 연속 3시간 이내에 100개의 먹이를 섭취하면 수술을 하였다. 복강주사로 마취를 시킨 뒤 오른쪽 경정맥으로 관을 삽입하고 천으로 고정시켰다. 회복기를 끝낸 동물은 매일 1시간 동안 FR 3 프로그램으로 코카인을 섭취하도록 훈련 받았다. 3일 연속 섭취량이 일정하면 다음날 한의사가 1분간 침 처치를 하였다. 대조군은 침 자극을 제외하고 똑 같은 조건으로 하였다. 결과 : 신문혈은 코카인 섭취를 줄였으나, 다른 경혈은 그렇지 못하였다. 더구나 신문과 태연을 같이 자침한 경우 단일 경혈에 비해 약간 더 억제하는 효과를 보였다. 그럼에도 불구하고 침술이 식욕에는 별다른 영향을 주지 않았다. 결론 : 이러한 연구 결과는 침술이 적어도 어느 정도 코카인 남용 치료에 있어서 유용하며 경혈을 복합으로 사용하는 것이 단독 사용보다 더 우수할 수 있음을 제시한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2003.11b
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• pp.907-910
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• 2003

이동통신 기술이 발전함에 따라 이동통신 네트워크를 통한 서비스들이 다양해지고, 사용자들의 수는 점점 늘어가고 있다. 또한 사용자들은 일반적으로 이동통신 서비스에 대해 유선 망과 동등한 수준의 품질을 기대한다. 그러나, 이동통신망은 유무선 통합망으로 구성되어 있으며, 이들 복잡한 구성을 갖는 네트워크에 대한 서비스 품질 보장은 유선망에 비해 훨씬 어렵다. 이의 결과로, 이동통신 서비스 네트워크의 트래픽은 과거에 비해 폭발적으로 증가하였다. 따라서, 네트워크 사업자와 서비스 제공자들은 서비스의 성능 문제에 직면하고 있으며, 네트워크 사업자나 서비스 제공자들은 효과적인 서비스 품질관리 기술을 강력하게 요구하고 있다. QoS 감시는 QoS 제공과 보장을 위한 기본적인 기술로서, 실제 네트워크에서 QoS 감시를 위해서는 네트워크 및 서비스 성능 인자들과 QoS 인자들의 관계를 식별해야 한다. 본 논문에서는 서비스와 네트워크 성능인자 그리고, QoS 인자들간의 관계를 QoS metrics로 정의하며, 각 인자들의 관계는 계층적인 그래프로 나타낸다. QoS metrics의 정의와 이에 따른 계층적 그래프의 구성을 통해 세 가지 이점을 기대 할 수 있다. 첫째, 네트워크 사업자들은 QoS 저하의 주요 원인을 신속하게 식별 할 수 있다. 둘째, 네트워크 사업자들과 서비스 제공자들은 주관적인 QoS 를 수치 적인 성능 지표를 통해 측정이 가능하다. 마지막으로, QoS metrics 는 네트워크 사업자들과 서비스 제공자들이 QoS 감시 활동의 결과에 따라 그들의 네트워크를 재구성하는 데 도움을 주며 E2E QoS 제공에 효율성을 가져다 준다.현을 정형화하기 위해 Oolong 코드의 명령어들을 문법으로 작성하였으며, PGS를 통해 생성된 어휘 정보를 가지고 스캐너를 구성하였으며, 파싱테이블을 가지고 파서를 설계하였다. 파서의 출력으로 AST가 생성되면 번역기는 AST를 탐색하면서 의미적으로 동등한 MSIL 코드를 생성하도록 시스템을 컴파일러 기법을 이용하여 모듈별로 구성하였다.적용하였다.n rate compared with conventional face recognition algorithms. 아니라 실내에서도 발생하고 있었다. 정량한 8개 화합물 각각과 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 스피어만 상관계수는 벤젠을 제외하고는 모두 유의하였다. 이중 톨루엔과 크실렌은 총 휘발성 유기화합물과 좋은 상관성 (톨루엔 0.76, 크실렌, 0.87)을 나타내었다. 이 연구는 톨루엔과 크실렌이 총 휘발성 유기화합물의 좋은 지표를 사용될 있고, 톨루엔, 에틸벤젠, 크실렌 등 많은 휘발성 유기화합물의 발생원은 실외뿐 아니라 실내에도 있음을 나타내고 있다.>10)의 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 얻었다. 결론: $^{18}O(p,n)^{18}F$ 핵반응을 이용하여 친전자성 방사성동위원소 $[^{18}F]F_2$를 생산하였다. 표적 챔버는 알루미늄으로 제작하였으며 본 연구에서 연구된 $[^{18}F]F_2$가스는 친핵성 치환반응으로 방사성동위원소를 도입하기 어려운 다양한 방사성의 약품개발에 유용하게 이용될 수 있을 것이다.었으나 움직임 보정 후 영상을 이용하여 비교한 경우, 결합능 변화가 선조체 영역에서 국한되어 나타나며 그 유

• Journal of Technology Innovation
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.1-15
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• 2012

Republic of Korea has been applying offset to defense acquisition program for some benefits such as modernization of defense industry and enhancement of R&D capabilities since 1983. But in point of implementation, there is the possibility of delay of offset agreements based on the value of proposed technologies. As it often happens that the delay of offset agreement negatively affects the time schedule of main defense deal, it is necessary to prepare for this issue. The purpose of this study is to extract some factors affecting the duration of offset agreement by statistical analysis. Reviewing existing papers and contract process, nationality of enterprise, the number of project participants, properties of project, the number of technologies in the first proposal, level of domestic defense technology in each weapons system, the amount of main contract were used as independent variable and duration of agreement as dependent variable. To hypothesis testing, correlation and multiple regression analysis were conducted using the previous 25 contract cases. As a result of correlation analysis, the amount of main contract, the number of technologies in the first proposal and properties of project have positive relationships with dependent variable. In multiple regression, the amount of main contract and the number of project participants have significant effect on the duration of offset agreement.

• Journal of Trauma and Injury
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.102-106
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• 2010

Purpose: With the increasing numbers of foreign residents in Korea, the need for an emergency medical care system for foreign patients seems to be growing. Sometimes, a foreigner admitted to an emergency room is not treated sufficiently due to the absence of insurance, facility in the Korean language, and a guardian. The management of a foreigner with trauma in the ER is difficult due to various problems such as social and economic status. The purpose of this study was to investigate the current management status of foreigners with penetrating wounds in the emergency room. Methods: This study is an analysis of 580 patients that were diagnosed with penetrating wounds in one teaching Hospital from Jan. 1, 2008 to Dec. 31, 2008. We analyzed results according to nationality, alcohol ingestion, intentional or accidental trauma, trauma mechanism, injury severity, management time in the ER, and outcome in the ER. Results: Of the total 580 patients, 486 patients (83.8%) were native Koreans and 94 patients (16.2%) were foreigners. According to the Revised Trauma Score, the average score of native Korean patients was 7.808, and the average score of foreign patients was 7.638. Of native Korean patients, 22.6% had knife wounds while 38.3% of foreign patients did. Of native Korean patients, 17.3% experienced intentional trauma while 33.0% of the foreign patients did. Of native Korean patients, 22.5% had ingested alcohol while 49.4% of the foreigners had. Of native Korean patients, 10.5% were admitted while 7.6% of the foreign patients were. Of native Korean patients, 14.2% were discharged against medical advice (DAMA), while 18.5% of foreign patients were. Of native Korean patients, 1.2% ran away while 8.7% of the foreign patients did. Conclusion: Stabbing was the most common cause of penetrating wounds in foreigner patients in this study. Intentional trauma was more common in foreigners with penetrating wounds than in native Koreans. The severity was higher in foreigners with penetrating wounds than it was in native Koreans, and patients who ran away or were discharged against medical advice were more commonly foreigners with penetrating wounds. Social insurance or policy is needed for the management of foreigners with penetrating wounds.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.37 no.3
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• pp.359-366
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• 2010

It was easy to find that children of a skeletal anterior crossbite in the early mixed dentition period showed a stark difference in the dental maturity between their maxillary and mandibular teeth, if they have stronger physical characteristics. If the difference of dental age between maxillary and mandibular teeth which can be identified via panoramic radiographs may serve as an early sign of class III malocclusion, this is considered valuable as a tool of early detection diagnosis. We obtained lateral cephalometric radiographs, panoramic radiographs, working model and clinical images of patients of Hellman dental age IIA and IIC who visited the department of pediatric dentistry, Pusan National University Dental Hospital and examined them to select 50 patents for normal occlusion group and skeletal anterior crossbite group, respectively. Their panoramic radiographs were used for the Demirjian's method to figure out dental ages of maxillary and mandibular teeth of each group and the eruption rate of the first molars. Their differences are as follows: 1. In both groups, the dental ages from Demirjian's method were advanced than the chronological ages. No sexual dimorphism was detected for the chronological or dental age in either group (p>0.05). 2. The difference of dental age of maxillary and mandibular teeth between the normal occlusion group and crossbite group was 0.22 and 0.69 years, respectively, with a higher difference in crossbite group(p<0.05). 3. Compared to the normal occlusion group, the crossbite group showed a higher difference in the eruption rate between maxillary and mandibular first molar(p<0.05).