• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.29 no.3
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• pp.23-50
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• 2010

This study is that the manufacturer's sales policy power appeared on the source of local distributors through the sale willingness impact on research for coexistence between the manufacturer and dealer sales for developing policy. Dealers in terms of the sale of regional sales willingness says "manufacturers and retailers to connect to the regional distribution on the path to regional sales representative for manufacturers based on trust companies that supply products or products manufactured by local retailers for about a unilateral will sale whether the continued willingness and indicates the degree of business". This study topics are the results of this measure will sell a total of 24 entries are four factors. In variety sales policy of each power source, First, sales policy in Reward Power, compensatory power as the manager of promotion support, sales support and sales activities will significantly impact respectively. Second, sales policy of Coercive Power, reduction of credit limits act as an element of discontent and the sales will appear in the negative hypothesis of the influence was partially supported. Third, sales policy in Referent Power, the information trust, the most significantly impact of trade policy, respectively. Fourth, sales policy in Professional Power, delay time delivery of goods, sales of our product and sales knowledge will have a significantly effect appear to be related.

• The Korean Journal of Air & Space Law and Policy
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.203-234
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• 2019

The concept of denied boarding is defined in Article 2(j) of Regulation 261/2004 thus: "denied boarding means a refusal to carry passengers on a flight, although they have presented themselves for boarding under the conditions laid down in Article 3(2), except where there are reasonable grounds to deny them boarding, such as reasons of health, safety or security, or inadequate travel documentation." So far as relevant to this case, to be entitled to compensation, if denied boarding, Article 3(2) provides a passenger must first come within the scope of the protection of the Regulation, which applies under the following conditions: "${\cdots}$.that passengers (a) have a confirmed reservation on the flight concerned and, except in the case of cancellation referred to in Article 5, present themselves for check-in, as stipulated and at the time indicated in advance and in writing (including by electronic means) by the air carrier, the tour operator or an authorised travel agent, or, if no time is indicated, not later than 45 minutes before the published departure time." This paper reviews the EU Cases such as Rodríguez Cachafeiro v. Iberia [2012] Case C-321/11; Finnair Oyj v. Timy Lassooy [2012] Case C-22/11; Caldwell v. easyJet Airline Co. Ltd. [2015] ScotSC 64. ECJ and Sheriff court of Scotland held that the concept of denied boarding, within the meaning of Articles 2(j) and 4 of Regulation No 261/2004 establishing common rules on compensation and assistance to passengers in the event of denied boarding and of cancellation or long delay of flights, and repealing Regulation No 295/91, must be interpreted as relating not only to cases where boarding is denied because of overbooking but also to those where boarding is denied on other grounds, such as operational reasons. Also, ECJ ruled that Articles 2(j) and 4(3) must be interpreted as meaning that the occurrence of extraordinary circumstances resulting in an air carrier rescheduling flights after those circumstances arose cannot give grounds for denying boarding on those later flights or for exempting that carrier from its obligation, under Article 4(3) of that regulation, to compensate a passenger to whom it denies boarding on such a flight.

• Journal of agricultural medicine and community health
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.258-269
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• 2018

Objectives: There was an outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease among high school students at Okcheon in June, 2018. First attack occurred June $5^{th}$ but seven days later it was notified. The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the pathogen of outbreak and cause of delayed notification. Methods: First, we did a questionnaire survey for 61 cases and 122 controls to find what symptoms they had and whether they ate foods or drank water from June $2^{nd}$ to June $12^{th}$. Second, we investigated the environment of cafeteria and drinking water. Third, we examined specimen of cases and environment to identify bacteria or virus. Results: Attack rate of this outbreak was 7.8%. Drinking water was strongly suspected as a source of infection in questionnaire survey but we could not find the exact time of exposure. Norovirus was identified in specimen of cases (2 students), drinking water (at main building and dormitory) and cafeteria (knife, dishtowel, hand of chef) Conclusions: We decided norovirus as the pathogen of this outbreak based on the clinical features of cases with diarrhea vomiting, abdominal pain and recovery within 2 or 3 days after onset, outbreak due to drinking water and microbiologic examination, And the cause of delayed notification might be the non-existence of the nurse teacher at that time and the lack of understanding of teachers on immediate notification under the outbreak. To prevent the delayed notification, notification system about outbreak of foodborne and waterborne disease in school is needed to be improved.

• The Journal of the Korea institute of electronic communication sciences
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• v.9 no.1
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• pp.105-110
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• 2014

Korea, old buildings do not currently have earth-resistant facilities, and disaster prevention facilities have some limitation in responding properly to damage arising from natural disaster as they do not reflect recently occurring climatic changes. Accordingly, it is necessary to select vulnerable districts by taking into consideration the possibility of disaster occurrence and the current situation of infrastructures for disaster prevention in order to responding efficiently to future unexpected disasters. For this purpose, national government has recently formed the DB linkage council for disaster prevention under the participation of related agencies and constructed integrated database. But local governments have not properly provided it with basic data necessary to construct database, resulting in the delay of the project. Therefore, it is thought that national government needs to provide them with manpower and financial support.

• The KIPS Transactions:PartC
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• v.11C no.2
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• pp.245-252
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• 2004

Stream Control Transmission Protocol(SCTP) is a new connection-oriented, reliable delivery transport protocol operating on top of an unreliable connectionless packet service such as IP. It inherits many of the functions developed for TCP, including flow control and packet loss recovery functions. In addition, it also supports transport layer multihoming and multistreaming In this paper, we study the impact of multi-homing on the performance of SCTP. We first compare performance of single-homed SCTP. multi-homed SCTP, TCP Reno and TCP SACK. We, then describe potential flaw in the current SCTP retransmission policy, when SCTP host is multihomed. Our Results show that SCTP performs better than TCP Reno and TCP SACK due to several changes from TCP in its congestion control mechanism. In particular. multi-homed SCTP shows the best result among the compared schemes. Through experimentation for multi-homed SCTP, we found that the current SCTP retransmission policy nay deteriorate the perfomance when the retransmission path it worse than the original path. Therefore, the condition of retransmission path is a very important factor In SCTP performance and a proper mechanism would be required to measure the condition of the retransmission path.

• Journal of the Economic Geographical Society of Korea
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• v.15 no.4
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• pp.628-641
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• 2012

This research investigates a dynamic mechanism underlying the co-evolution between network and space by applying hype-curve model, typical phenomenon which shows how new technologies and ideas initially adapted in the society. This study analysis the knowledge intensive industry of digital contents using social network analysis (SNA) in terms of structural, spatial, and temporal aspects, year of 2000, 2005, and 2010 focused on Seoul area. First of all, network and space establish 'inter-feedback' as a result of evolution and differentiation process. Second, it happen temporal 'delay' through the learning process stage of 'peak of inflated expectation' and 'trough of disillusionment.' As a result, Seoul develops with the technology commercialized-orient strategy affect government policy. This trend changes to technology-oriented development in Seoul area in the late of 2000 established 'self-organization' with geographical proximity organizations through learning process.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.10 no.12
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• pp.205-213
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• 2019

Since 2011, when the Korean government initiated STEAM education in schools, many STEAM programs have been developed and many researches on STEAM education have been published in Korea. This meta-analysis examined the effectiveness of STEAM education by calculating effect sizes using statistics from 177 studies that reported their efforts in examining the effectiveness of STEAM programs. The findings of this study are the followings: 1)the total mean effect size of STEAM education is above medium level(effect size=.69). 2)Mean effect sizes of all four effect factors are above medium level, .58-.74. Mean effect sizes are .65 for STEAM interests, .74 for STEAM capacity, .63 for STEAM academic achievement, and .58 for STEAM careers. 3)The mean effect size of STEAM education in middle schools is significantly higher than in other school levels. This result suggests that STEAM education is more effective in middle schools.

• Journal of KIISE:Computing Practices and Letters
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.244-253
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• 2000

Since no single routing-switching combination performs the best under various different types of applications, a flexible network is required to support a range of polices. This paper introduces an implementation of a look-up table routing engine offering flexible routing and switching polices without performance degradation unlike those based on microprocessors. By deciding contents of look-up tables, the engine can implement wormhole routing, virtual cut-through routing, and packet switching, as well as hybrid switching, under a variety of routing algorithms. Since the routing engine has a piplelined look-up table architecture, the routing delay is as small as one flit, and thus it can overlap multiple routing actions without performance degradation in comparison with hardwired routers dedicated to a specific policy. Because four pipeline stages do not induce a hazard, expensive forwarding logic is not required. The routing engine can accommodate four physical links with a time shared cut-through bus or single link with a cross-bar switch. It is implemented using Xilinx 4000 series FPGA.

• Journal of Environmental Policy
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.57-78
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• 2006

Now post 2012 greenhouse gas reduction commitment being discussed, studies about long-term GHG reduction scenarios toward 2050 have actively been worked separately from 5 years short-term approach. In this paper, background, temperature target, $CO_2$ concentration target, national emission target, and approach of long-term reduction scenarios toward 2050 particularly in European countries such as UK, Germany, France, Netherlands et al. are reviewed. After comparing GDP and emission indices between Developed (European) countries and Korea, some implications of long-term GHG reduction scenarios are deduced. Acting early owing to uncertainty in climate change impact and technology development rather than delaying reduction activity owing to scientific uncertainty in climate change is needed. Providing our society's vision of climate change and government's explicit direction through long-term GHG reduction target setting toward 2050 and economic units' preparing for those are needed.

• Proceedings of the Korea Technology Innovation Society Conference
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• 2017.11a
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• pp.1453-1469
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• 2017

우리나라는 후발주자임에도 불구하고 개방형 운영체제의 전격적 채택과 고급 기종 중심의 공격적 제품 라인 확대, 그리고 가치사슬의 수직 통합 체계 구축 등에 힘입어 2011년 세계 스마트폰 시장 점유율 1위를 차지하였다. 그러나 우리나라 스마트폰 산업은 시장 점유율 1위를 달성한지 4년만인 2015년 또 다른 후발주자인 중국에 추격을 허용하였다. 이와 같은 스마트폰 산업 주도권 이전 현상을 논의하기 위해 본 연구는 추격 사이클 이론에 기반하여 중국 스마트폰 산업의 추격과 관련한 기술 수요적 정책 및 제도적 기회의 창을 고찰하고, 이에 대한 중국의 전략적 대응과 우리나라의 실책을 논의하였다. 먼저 기술적 기회의 창으로 스마트폰 아키텍처의 모듈화와 시스템 반도체의 원칩화는 스마트폰 생산에 필요한 기술적 지식의 장벽을 낮추는데 기여하였다. 또한 2013년부터 급성장하기 시작한 저가(190달러 이하) 스마트폰 시장은 기술적 열위인 중국의 시장 개척에 우호적 기회로 작용하였다. 이와 함께 중국 정부의 스마트폰 관련 연구개발 투자 확대는 중국에게 우호적 사업 환경을 제공하는 정책적 기회의 창으로 작용하였다. 이와 같은 기회의 창을 활용하기 위해 중국 스마트폰 산업은 빠른 시장 진입, 원가 절감을 위한 현지 부품 채용, 정부 연구개발 투자를 활용한 기술 역량 축적 등의 전략적 대응을 전개하였다. 반면 우리나라는 고급 기종 생산 고수와 저가 기종 출시 지연, 수직통합 체계의 고착화에 따른 부품 경쟁력 악화에 따라 중국에 추격을 허용하게 되었다. 본 연구는 산업 주도권 이전 현상에 대한 최신 실증을 추가함으로써 추격 사이클 이론의 발전에 기여할 것으로 기대되며, 향후 우리나라 스마트폰 산업 발전 정책 발굴에 중요한 지침으로 활용될 것으로 기대된다.