• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.16-20
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• 1998

This experiment was conducted to find the most effective organic matters to improve the contents of aromatics and essential oils in root of Anthriscus sylvestylis. Growth of top part was promoted by application of chicken dung with saw dust. The contents of crude protein, fat and fiber were also increased by chicken dung with saw dust. Essential oil content was highest as 0.82% when plants were treated by chicken dung with saw dust. The optimum organic matter showing high yield was chicken dung with saw dust as 276kg per 10a. Twenty two aromatic constituents were identified from root of Anthriscus sylvestylis regardless of organic matter kinds. In particular, aromatic constituents such as sabinene and carboxaldehyde were highest at the application of chicken dung with saw dust as 16.9 and 163.4 % area, respectively.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.114-120
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• 1998

The present study was carried out to investigate the changes in essential oil contents as a part of searching the changes in active components in the graft cultivation of A. senticosus. To increase the yield of aerial parts and the contents of active components of Acanthopanax senticosus, scions of A. senticosus were grafted on different rootstocks. As a result, the contents of calarene, ${\alpha}-beramotene$ and spathulenol increased, but cis-caryophyllene and epizonarene contents decreased. ${\beta}-pinene$, ${\beta}-myrcene$, 2,5,5 -trimethyl-1, 3, 6-heptatriene and ${\beta}-elemene$ were not detected in the leaves of grafted A. senticosus. Essential oils from stems did not differ with the methods of cultivation. Oil contents of 3-year-old plants were higher than those of 1-year-old plants, whereas ${\alpha}-bergamotene$ content(27%) was highest in the stem of grafted A. senticosus(27%). Ethylbenzene, 2-furancarboxaldehyde, M134 $(t_R=2.11)$ and M205 $(t_R=3.16)$ disappeared in the roots of A. senticosus var. subinermis, but 6,6-dimethyl-3-methylenebicycloheptane, M166 $(t_R=1.82)$, and (+) -aromadendrene and ${\beta}-bisabolene$ were newly found.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.16 no.2
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• pp.86-93
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• 2008

The chemical composition of the volatile constituents from the leaves and stems of endemic Acanthopanax koreanum and A. chiisanensis collected from Mt. Deokyu was determined by GC and GC/MS spectrometric analysis with the aid of NBS, Wiley Library and RI indice searches. The major constituents identified were ${\delta}-3-carene$ (31.34%), l-limonene (17.01 %), ${\beta}-elemene$(4.53%), trans-p-menth-2-ene-1,8-diol(3.13%), 1,8-cineole (4.73%), 1-dodecen-3-yne (2.64%) and (Z)-3,7-dimethyl-1,3,6-octatriene (3.21%) in A. koreanum, and ${\delta}-3-carene$ (14.78%), limonene (7.24%), t-ocimene (7.22%), ${\alpha}-terpinolene$ (8.76%), ${\gamma}-elemene$ (4.32%), ${\beta}-selinene$ (7.72%), veridifloral (3.25%) and dodecane (2.44%) in A. chiisanensis.

• Korean Journal of Medicinal Crop Science
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.508-514
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• 2004

Chrysanthemum boreale M. is an important medicinal plant that has been historically used in herbal medicine and in the health food throughout East Asia. This study was conducted to investigate the influence of abscisic acid (ABA) and salicylic acid (SA) on plant growth, mineral content and effective components, such as essential oil, amino acid and cumambrin A, by means in order to increase the productivity and the quality of flowerheads in the plant. Yields of flowerheads were increased by 12.7%, 21.7% and 15.5% by ABA, SA and both treatments, respectively, as compared with the control. Inorganic nutrient content was changed by PGRs; SA treatment was increased by nitrogen, phosphorus and magnesium content but decreased by potassium of C. boreale M. flowerheads. Total content of amino acid was increased by SA but decreased by ABA treatment. Essential oil content and yields were increased to 9.7% and 33.8% by SA treatment. Moreover, the content of terpene, monoterpenoids and sesquiterpenoids, were improved by ABA treatment, especially, germacrene-D content was increased by 39.1%, as compared to control. In addition, yields of cumambrin A, sesquiterpene compound exhibiting blood-pressure activity, increased in all PGRs treatments, but its concentration in the C. boreale M. flowerheads only increased by ABA and both treatment. The experiment suggests that PGRs using ABA and SA could increase the yields and quality of C. boreale M. flowerheads.

• Journal of Plant Biotechnology
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• v.42 no.3
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• pp.186-195
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• 2015

Anthranilate synthase (AS) is a key enzyme in the biosynthesis of tryptophan (Trp), which is the precursor of bioactive metabolites like indole-3-acetic acid and other indole alkaloids. Alpha anthranilate synthase 2 (OsASA2) plays a critical role in the feedback inhibition of tryptophan biosynthesis. In this study, two vectors with single (F124V) and double (S126F/L530D) point mutations of the OsASA2 gene for feedback-insensitive ${\alpha}$ subunit of rice anthranilate synthase were constructed and transformed into wildtype Dongjinbyeo by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Transgenic single and double mutant lines were selected as a single copy using TaqMan PCR utilized nos gene probe. To select intergenic lines, the flanking sequence of RB or LB was digested with a BfaI enzyme. Four intergenic lines were selected using a flanking sequence tagged (FST) analysis. Expression in rice (Oryza sativa L.) of the transgenes resulted in the accumulation of tryptophan (Trp), indole-3-acetonitrile (IAN), and indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) in leaves and tryptophan content as a free amino acid in seeds also increased up to 30 times relative to the wildtype. Two homozygous event lines, S-TG1 and D-TG1, were selected for characterization of agronomic traits and metabolite profiling of seeds. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs), related to ion transfer and nutrient supply, were upregulated and DEGs related to co-enzymes that work as functional genes were down regulated. These results suggest that two homozygous event lines may prove effective for the breeding of crops with an increased level of free tryptophan content.

• Journal of Dairy Science and Biotechnology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.75-82
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• 2015

Chitosan provides beneficial effects such as decrease in cholesterol, weight loss, and antioxidative effects. The manufacture of Maribo cheese containing powdered chitosan (CP) or nanopowdered chitosan (NCP) is not yet established. Thus, this study was conducted to determine the effect of CP and NCP on Maribo cheese's physicochemical properties. The curd was added with 0.2 and 0.5% of CP and NCP, respectively, after the second whey drainage. The pH changed and the lactic acid bacterial population decreased in all treatments. Additionally, WSN and TBA gradually increased during the ripening of cheese. The TP of control cheese was higher than that of another group. On the basis of the obtained results, consumer preference test on overall acceptability of 0.2% NCP was good-41%, great good 13%. It was concluded that the quality of Maribo cheese was not affected by adding chitosan. Furthermore, 0.2% NCP was preferred during cheese ripening and observed the possibility of functional cheese than another group.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.30 no.6
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• pp.1215-1219
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• 2001

The present study was conducted to investigate effect of powdered herb of Aster scaber Thunb. (chamchwi) on antioxidant system in ethanol-administrated rats. Four week-old Sprague Dawley male rats which had initial body weights of 97.10$\pm$4.50 g were randomly divided into three groups: control (ethanol treated, vitamin E-deficient group); 5% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 5% chamchwi powder-supplemented group): 10% chamchwi (ethanol-treated, 10% chamchwi powder-suplemented group). Three groups of rats were suplemented with three experimental diets for 4 weeks and orally administrated 10% ethanol (v/v) daily via drinking water in the last experimental week. Contents of TBARS (thiobarbituric acid reactive substance). glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were determined. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-px) in liver and kidney were also analyzed. Relative weight of liver and spleen to body in chamchwi groups was lower than that in control group (p<0.05). The most remarkable result was that liver TBARS contents in chamchwi groups (5% chamchwi group, 46 $\mu\textrm{g}$ in MDA value; 10% chamchwi group, 35 $\mu\textrm{g}$) were significantly lower (p<0.05) than that in control group (66 $\mu\textrm{g}$). The supplement of chamchwi powder lowered the activity of manganese- superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD), catalase in liver and GSH-px in kidney. The levels of glutathione in liver and kidney and serum albumin were not significantly different in all experimental groups (p<0.05). These results indicate that powdered herb of Aster scaber decreases lipid peroxidation and acitvity of Mn-SOD increased by alcohol-induced oxidative stress in liver of rats.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.13 no.1
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• pp.95-101
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• 2006

Quality characteristics of Cheongbukjangs with $1\~3\%$ desalted and dried sea tangle powder were investigated after fermentation for 48 hr at $40^{\circ}C$. Addition of sea tangle, irrespective of concentration, did not affect pH and slime content of Cheongbukjang. Color L* and a* values were generally decreased with increasing sea tangle concentration. There were no significant differences in total microbe, amino nitrogen content, and protease and amylase activity between control and Cheongbukjangs with up to $2\%$ sea tangle. However, addition of $3\%$ sea tangle resulted in decreased total microbe, amino nitrogen content, and enzyme activity compared with those of control. Fiber content increased with increasing sea tangle concentration and hardness increased by 1.5 times at $2\%$ sea tangle and by 2.6 times at $3\%$ sea tangle compared with that of control. Results for sensory evaluation revealed that addition of $2\%$ sea tangle was the optimum concentration in view of reducing bitter taste and odor, and improving overall acceptability.

• Journal of the Korean Applied Science and Technology
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.1327-1337
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• 2018

Aviation fuel oil is more strictly controlled than other transport fuels because it can lead to major accidents in the event of a problem. The quality standards of the aircraft are specified by the domestic Korean Standard, the American Society for Testing and Materials and the International Air Transport Association, respectively. From 2016 to 2017, the quality analysis of 6 items such as aromatic content, sulfur content and distillation characteristics was carried out on the jet fuel produced at five domestic refineries. Domestic production of jet fuel has been shown to be in conformity with the quality standards and has been maintained at a constant level throughout the year. Compared with the specification of ASTM and IATA the aromatic content of domestic KS specification is set to be strictly 1.5 wt% higher than the ASTM and IATA setting specification, but it satisfies this specification sufficiently. In addition, other items such as sulfur content, distillation property and flash point satisfied both domestic and international specification.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.26 no.1
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• pp.68-73
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• 1994

An attempt was made to derermine the volatile flavor components of Dioscorea japonica. Essential oils from roots of the samples were isolated by simultaneous steam distillation-extraction(SDE) method using diethyl ether as solvent. Concentrated samples were analyzed by gas chromatography(GC) and combined gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS). Fifty nine volatile flavor components, including 35 hydrocarbons, 5 aldehydes, 1 ketone, 9 alcohols, 2 esters, 3 acids and 4 miscellaneous ones were confirmed in the young roots of Dioscorea japonica. Forty two components, including 23 hydrocarbons, 2 aldehydes, 7 alcohols, 1 ester and 8 acids and 1 miscellaneous one were confirmed in the roots of mature stage. ${\sigma}-3-Carene$ and dodecanoic acid were regarded as the most abundant components in young and mature roots repectively. The profile of volatile flavor components was markedly different in young and mature roots of Dioscorea japonica.