• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.245-261
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• 1997

Slipped capital femoral epiphysis(SCFE) is a disorder in which there is a gradual or acute disruption through the capital physeal plate. The physiolysis is through a widened zone of hypertrophy, which is weakened due to altered chondrocytic maturation and endochondral ossification. The cause or causes of SCFE remain uncertain. The association of obesity and adolescent age with growth rate are predisposing factors. The possibility that most patients with subclinical hormonal abnormality were proved. The goal of treatment of slipped capital femoral epiphysis is to restore the function of the hip and delay the development of degenerative osteoarthrosis by prevention of additional displacement of the epiphysis. We report 10 patients(12hips) with SCFE who were treated by surgical means and followed along for more than one year, at Yeungnam University Hospital, from 1989 to 1996. There were six boys and four girls. The average age at operation was 11.8 years. Seven cases occurred in the left hip, one case in the right and 2 cases had bilateral involvement, five cases had a history of minor trauma on affected hip. Among hormonally studied six patients, panhypopituitarism patient was one case; decreased testosterone, two; decreased growth hormone, two; and decreased thyroid hormone, one. According to clinical stage, two cases were the acute type; five cases, acute on chronic type; and three cases, chronic type. On the radiological grades of slipping, mild slippage were nine hips; moderate, one; and severe, two. The eleven hips were treated by pin fixation in situ, and one, by cuneiform osteotomy. On the average follow-up of 2.6 years, ten hips were excellent or good functional results, two hips were failure.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.101-106
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• 2000

Purpose : This study was peformed to evaluate the effectiveness and tolerance of craniospinal irradiation for patients with modulloblastoma and to define the optimal radiotherapeutic regimen. Materials and Methods : We retrospectively analyzed the records of 43 patients with modulloblastoma who were treated with external beam craniospinal radiotherapy at our institution between May, 1984 and April, 1998. Median follow up period was 47 months with range of 18 to U months. Twenty seven patients were male and sixteen patients were female, a male to female ratio of 1.7:1. Surgery consisted of biopsy alone in 5 patients, subtotal excision in 24 patients, and gross total excision in 14 patients. All of the patients were treated with craniospinal irradiation. All of the patients except four received at least 5,000 cGy to the posterior fossa and forty patients received more than 3,000 cGy to the spinal cord. Results : The overall survival rates at 5 and 7 years for entire group of patients were 57$\%$ and 56$\%$, respectively. Corresponding disease free survival rates were 60$\%$ and 51$\%$, respectively, The rates of disease control in the posterior fossa were 77$\%$ and 67$\%$ at 5 and 7 years. Gross total excision and subtotal excision resulted in 5 year overall survival rates of 76$\%$ and 66$\%$, respectively, In contrast, those patients who had biopsy alone had a 5 year survival rate of only 40$\%$. Posterior fossa was a component of failure in 11 of the 18 recurrences. Seven recurrences were isolated to the posterior fossa. Four patients had neuraxis recurrences, three had distant metastasis alone and four had multiple sites of failure, all involving the primary site. Conclusion : Craniospinal irradiation for patients with moduiloblastoma is an effective adjuvant treatment without significant treatment related toxicitles. There is room for Improvement in terms of posterior fossa control, especially in biopsy alone patients. The advances in radiotherapy including hypefractionation, stereotactic radiosurgery and 3D conformal radiotherapy would be evolved to improve the tumor control rate at primary site.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.11 no.2
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• pp.431-437
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• 1993

An important problem in radiosurgery is the utilization of the proper beam parameters, to which dose shape is sensitive. Streotactic radiosurgery techniques for a linear accelerator typically, use circular radiation fields with multiple arcs to produce an spherical radiation distribution. Target volumes are irregular in shape for a certain case, and spherical distributions can irradiate normal tissues to high dose as well as the target region. The current improvement to dose distribution utilizes treating multiple isocenters or weighting various arcs to change treatment volume shape. in this paper another promising study relies upon dynamically shaping the treatment beam to fit the beam's eye view of the target. This conformal irradiation technique was evaluated by means of visual three dimensional dose distribution, dose volume histograms to the target volume and surrounding normal brain. It is shown that using even less arcs than multiple isocenter irradiation technique, the conformal therapy yields comparable dose gradients and superior homogeneity of dose within the target volume.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.22 no.2
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• pp.273-280
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• 1988

This study was undertaken to investigate the effect of the medial amygdaloid nucleus on the pancreatic exocrine secretion and plasma secretin concentration in 44 male albino rats. Twenty-three rats in which the medial amygdaloid nucleus was damaged bilaterally by radio frequency a.c. through stereotaxically inserted electrodes (medical amygdaloid group, MA) and twenty-one rats which received the same operation without damage (operated control, OC), were prepared. Under urethan anesthesia, 0.01 N hydrochloric acid (HCl) or physiological saline (0.9% NaCl) was infused at a rate of 0.18 ml/min into the duodenum for 20 minutes. Pancreatic jucie was collected for the 20 min infusion period. After collection of pancreatic juice, blood was sampled from the abdominal aorta for the radioimmunoassay of plasma secretin concentration. In the MA group, the exocrine pancreatic secretory response to 0.01 N HCI as well as saline infusion was significantly inhibited compared with that in the OC group. The pancreatic protein output of the MA group significantly decreased after the saline infusion and tended to decrease after the 0.01 N HCI infusion, compared with that of the OC group. However, there was no significant difference in plasma secretin concentration between the two groups. Therefore it is strongly suggested that the rat medial amygdaloid nucleus has a facilitatory influence on both basal and acid-stimulated pancreatic exocrine secretion, but the releasing mechanism of secretin appears not to be involved in the influence.

• Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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• v.26 no.3
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• pp.277-290
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• 2001

영상촬영술은 개방형 외과적 관절수술이나 관절경 검사법을 할 수 없는 상태에서 관절의 상태에 대한 시각적 정보를 확보할 수 있는 유일한 방법이다. 이것의 주된 목적은 진단과 치료계획과정을 도와주는 정보를 제공하는데 있다. 그중 방사선 촬영술은 턱관절의 구조적 질병을 진단하는데 기본적인 수단으로서 오래동안 사용되어 왔 다. 그러나 어떠한 방사선 소견이 개별 관절질환의 특징적 소견인지는 찾아내기가 어려운 실정이다. 그러나 통상적 턱관절 방사선 촬영술로서도 구조적 골변화를 찾아낼 수 있으며 특히 시상 단층촬영술은 턱관절에서 가장 유익한 정보를 보여준다고 한다. 또한 보고에 의하면 턱관절 장애는 다양한 해부학적 요인들과 관련이 있다고 한다. 따라서 본 연구에서는 통상적인 방사선 단층촬영술을 이용하여 턱관절 장애환자의 턱관절에서 나타나는 골변화를 찾아내고 이러한 골변화가 하악과두 수평각, 하악과두 형태, 과두위치 등과 같은 여러 요인들과 서로 관련이 있는 지 찾아보고저 하였다. 단국치대 구강내과 안면동통진료실에 내원한 256명의 환자 중, 턱관절장애를 편측으로만 호소하는 환자 73명을 대상으로 SCANORA를 이용하여 방사선 단층촬영을 시행하였다. 먼저 악하두정위 촬영을 통해 정중선에 대한 하악과두의 방향을 찾아내고 단층촬영 부위를 계산하였으며, 모든 촬영면은 4 mm 두께로 하고 턱관절 부위에만 국한되도록 조준하였다. 폐구 시 4개의 시상 촬영과 개구 시 한개의 시상 및 전두촬영상을 구한 후, 하악과두, 과두 형태 및 하악과두위치 등과 같은 요인들에 대한 골변화간의 관련성을 조사하고저 자료를 측정한 후 Contengency table analyses를 시행하였다. 본 연구의 결과에 따르면 결론적으로 하악과두의 형태, 하악과두의 수평각 및 하악과두의 위치 등은 턱관절의 골변화와 상호 관련이 있다는 가설을 확인할 수 있었다. 즉 하악과두상의 골변화는 과두가 후방위치되고 과두각이 25도 이상 크며, 특히 20대에서는 flat type, 40대에서는 angled type의 과두형태를 가지며 두 과두각의 차이가 9도에서 12도 정도로 큰 차이가 있는 남성환자에서 증가한다.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.84 no.2
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• pp.345-360
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• 2023

In Korea, the number of institutions providing breast MRI, as well as the number of breast MRIs, has recently increased. However, MRI-guided procedures, including biopsy and needle localization, are rarely performed compared to ultrasound-guided or stereotactic biopsy. As breast MRI has high sensitivity but limited specificity, lesions detected only on MRI require pathologic confirmation through MRI-guided biopsy or surgical excision with MRI-guided needle localization. Thus, we aimed to review MRI-guided procedures, including their indications, techniques, procedural considerations, and limitations.

• Radiation Oncology Journal
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• v.24 no.4
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• pp.211-216
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• 2006

$\underline{Purpose}$: An analysis of the infrastructure for radiotherapy in Korea was performed to establish a baseline plan in 2006 for future development. $\underline{Materials\;and\;Methods}$: The data were obtained from 61 radiotherapy centers. The survey covered the number of radiotherapy centers, major equipment and personnel. Centers were classified into technical level groups according to the IAEA criteria. $\underline{Results}$: 28,789 new patients were treated with radiation therapy in 2004. There were 104 megavoltage devices in 61 institutions, which included 96 linear accelerators, two Cobalt 60 units, three Tomotherapy units, two Cyberknife units and one proton accelerator in 2006. Thirty-five high dose rate remote after-loading systems and 20 CT-simulators were surveyed. Personnel included 132 radiation oncologists, 50 radiation oncology residents, 64 medical physicists, 130 nurses and 369 radiation therapy technologists. All of the facilities employed treatment-planning computers and simulators, among these thirty-two percent (20 facilities) used a CT-simulator. Sixty-six percent (40 facilities) used a PET/CT scanner, and 35% (22 facilities) had the capacity to implement intensity modulated radiation therapy. Twenty-five facilities (41%) were included in technical level 3 group (having one of intensity modulated radiotherapy, stereotactic radiotherapy or intra-operative radiotherapy system). $\underline{Conclusion}$: Radiation oncology in Korea evolved greatly in both quality and quantity recently and demand for radiotherapy in Korea is increasing steadily. The information in this analysis represents important data to develop the future planning of equipment and human resources.

• 대한방사선치료학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2005.06a
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• pp.13-17
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• 2005

Introduction : For stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) of a tumor in the region whose movement due to respiration is significant, like Lung lower lobe, the gated therapy, which delivers radiation dose to the selected respiratory phases when tumor motion is small, was peformed using the Respiratory gating system and its clinical effectiveness was evaluated. Methode and Materials : For two SRS patients with a tumor in Lung lower lobe, a marker block (infrared reflector) was attached on the abdomen. While patient' respiratory cycle was monitored with Real-time Position Management (RPM, Varian, USA), 4D CT was performed (10 phases per a cycle). Phases in which tumor motion did not change rapidly were decided as treatment phases. The treatment volume was contoured on the CT images for selected treatment phases using maximum intensity projection (MIP) method. In order to verify setup reproducibility and positional variation, 4D CT was repeated. Result : Gross tumor volume (GTV) showed maximum movement in superior-inferior direction. For patient $\#$1, motion of GTV was reduced to 2.6 mm in treatment phases ($30\%\~60\%$), while that was 9.4 mm in full phases ($0\%\~90\%$) and for patient $\#$2, it was reduced to 2.3 mm in treatment phases ($30\%\~70\%$), while it was 11.7 mm in full phases ($0\%\~90\%$). When comparing two sets of CT images, setup errors in all the directions were within 3 mm. Conclusion : Since tumor motion was reduced less than 5 mm, the Respiratory gating system for SRS of Lung lower lobe is useful.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.79-88
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• 1968

For the purpose of assessing the influence of the mamillary bodies on the general activity and stress response, mamillary body·damaged rats(mamillary body group), operated control rats, and normal control animals were prepared and 2 experiments were carried out. The mamillary bodies. were damaged electrolytically by passing 0.3 ma d.c. current through stereotaxically implanted electrodes. The operated control group received the same treatment except passage of current. In the 1st experiment, each subject belonging to the mamillary body group .(9 rats) or the operated control group (13 animals) was put individually into an activity cage across which an infrared beam traversed. The number of beam interruptions by the movement of the subject in the cage was. recorded hourly for 48 hours and was regarded as an index of general activity. In the 2nd experiment, each of the mamillary body group (52 animals), the operated control group (45 rats), and the normal control group (37 animals) was further divided into 4 subgroups and the adrenal ascorbic acid content of one of the 4 subgroups was measured before, another subgroup immediately after, a third subgroup 2 hours after, and the remaining subgroup 4 hours after termination of a cold stress ($-10^{\circ}C$ for 1 hour). Following results were obtained: 1. Though the total activities in 48 hours of the mamillary body group and the operated control group were not significantly different, the activities of the malnillary body group for a few hours. at the beginning of the measurement and also in the evenings of both the 1st and the 2nd experimental days were significantly greater than those of the operated control group. 2. Judged by the significant reduction in adrenal ascorbic acid content, the stress response of the mamillary body group was as marked as that of the operated control or the normal control group-immediately after termination of cold exposure. Recovery from the stress was accelerated significantly in the mamillary body group and insignificantly in the operated control group compared with that of the normal control group, the intergroup difference of the former two groups being insignificant. It was inferred from the above results that the mamillary bodies may exert an inconspicuous inhibitory influence upon the central mechanism of general activity, and that the mamillaryies bodies may not be the main seat of the stress mechanism, although more works are desirable to confirm the results.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.8 no.2
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• pp.35-44
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• 1991

Recently many authors have reported about the relationship of the volumes of hemorrhage in the brain parenchyme, hemorrhagic sites, optimal operation time, and the effects of mannitol and steroid on control of ICP to clinical manifestations. Many attempts to measue ICP in hydrocephalus, brain tumor, and head injury have been reported. But the measurements of intracranial pressure in spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage are rare. Intracranial pressure was monitored prospectively in 30 patients who had stereotaxic surgery for spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. The results are as follows. 1. Intracranial pressure was increased in high $PaCO_2$. 2. There were no correlation in ICP, rebleeding and ADL at discharge(P > 0.05). 3. ICP was the most high level in 72 hours after operation. 4. There was 63.2% decrease in ICP after litigation with 6000 IU urokinase in the site of hemorrhage. 5. There was no correlation between the numbers of natural drainage and ADL at discharge(P > 0.05). 6. The higher the initial GCS, the higher the Postoperative GCS.