• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.23 no.1
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• pp.16-24
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• 2016

Background and Objectives: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is often undiagnosed but is an important risk factor affecting the health of an individual. The level of awareness of the illness among patients with OSA is low and is not correlated with severity of the illness. This study was conducted to compare awareness of OSA symptoms and illness between patients with OSA and simple snorers. Materials and Methods: Two hundred eighty-two patients who were suspected of having OSA participated in this study. All subjects underwent overnight polysomnography. Those with an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ${\geq}5$ were classified as the OSA group, while those with an AHI < 5 were classified as the simple snoring group. A sleep questionnaire, which included items on awareness of the illness, OSA, and sleep symptoms, was administered to all subjects and their bed-partners. Results: Simple snorers were much more aware of their symptoms such as snoring, irregular breathing, and apnea than were patients with OSA. Bed-partners of simple snorers were also more aware of the participants' sleep symptoms than were partners of patients with OSA. However, the duration of OSA symptoms was longer in the OSA group. In the correlation analysis, the level of awareness of OSA symptoms was negatively correlated with AHI, age, body mass index, and Epworth Sleepiness Scale score. Among the sleep questionnaire and polysomnography results, only Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index was positively correlated with level of awareness of OSA symptoms. The minority of the respondents had heard about the treatment methods of continuous positive airway pressure and oral appliance and preferred them as treatment options. Conclusion: This study suggests that simple snorers are more aware of their symptoms than are patients with OSA. A higher severity of OSA, represented by a higher AHI, is correlated with lower awareness of one's OSA symptoms.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.14 no.1
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• pp.20-25
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• 2007

The present study compared the actigraphic indices between both wrist actigraphies (WATGs), and the sleep estimates between each WATG and nocturnal polysomnography (NPSG) to assess their differences and consistencies. We studied 22 right-handed subjects (mean age $43.9{\pm}13.3\;years$, M：F=14：8) with untreated primary sleep disorders (primary insomnia=8, simple snorer=2, obstructive sleep apnea=12) undergone by overnight both WATGs and NPSG, simultaneously. Comparison and correlation were analyzed between right and left wrist actigraphic data. In the sleep estimates of both WATGs and NPSG, each WATG was compared and correlated with NPSG in sleep period time (SPT), total sleep time (TST), sleep latency (SL), sleep efficiency (SE) and wake time (WT). Sleep indices between both WATGs showed significant positive correlations with no correlations in SL and fragmentation index (FI). There were no differences in sleep indices between both WATGs. SPTs of both WATGs, SL of left WATG, and TST of right WATG showed positively significant correlations, and SE of right WATG did negatively significant correlation in sleep indices between each WATG and NPSG. As each WATG was compared to PSG, SPTs of both WATGs and WT of right WATG were decreased, and TST and SE of right WATG and SL of left WATG were increased. Inconsistent SL and FI between both WATGs indicate that the activities between both WATGs can differentially happen during wake or arousal. Inconsistent sleep estimates between each WATG and NPSG may indicate the limited usefulness in measuring and analyzing one-night sleep by using WATG.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.6 no.2
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• pp.126-132
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• 1999

Objectives: The purposes of this study were to investigate 1) the incidence of insomnia, 2) the clinical characteristics of the insomniacs, 3) the correlation of severity of insomnia with somatic complaints and psychological distresses, and 4) the beliefs and attitudes about sleep in patients with chronic renal failure on hemodialysis. Methods: The author evaluated 153 patients, receiving hemodialysis therapy at the four outpatients hemodialysis units in Pusan, Korea. The patients had completed a self-administered questionnaire package, which consisted of basic demographic findings, questions characterizing insomnia, Beck Depression Inventory(BDI), Spielburger's State-Trait Anxiety Inventory(STAI), and visual analogue scales measuring quantitatively the severity of the self-perceived psychological and somatic symptoms. And several laboratory data were collected. Diagnosis of insomnia was made in the base of insomnia criteria of DSM-IV and international classification of sleep disorders. Subjects were dichotomized into those who reported any characteristics of insomnia or those who had no insomnia during the preceding two weeks. Results: Insomnia was found in 100(65.4%) of 153 patients. No statistical differences were found between the patients with and without insomnia in terms of age, gender, education, marital status, mean duration of hemodialysis and all considered laboratory findings except serum albumin. The patients with insomnia had significantly higher BDI score and predialysis systolic blood pressure, and lower serum albumin as compared to non-insomnia group. Significant differences were found between two groups in terms of self-perceived distress such as sadness, anxiety, worry, pruritus, and dysfunction of daily life. The data showed statistically significant correlation between insomnia severity and some variables such as physical dysfunction, pruritus, bone pain, sadness, anxiety, worry, dysfunction of daily life and excessive daytime sleepiness. The patients with insomnia had significantly several dysfunctional beliefs and attitudes about sleep than those without insomnia. Conclusion: These results indicate that insomnia is very common in hemodialysis patients and likely contribute to the impaired quality of life experienced by many these patients. The author suggests that physical and psychological distresses would be reduced and the quality of life could be improved if their sleep disturbances are properly ameliorated in patients on hemodialysis.

• Sleep Medicine and Psychophysiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.45-53
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• 1998

Objectives : The change of sleep patterns commonly occurs in association with the pregnancy. This study was to investigate sleep habits during the course of normal pregnancy. Methods : Sleep habits questionnaire was administered to healthy women in their first trimester(TR1) of pregnancy and then the same questionnaire was repeatedly administered during their second(TR2) and third(TR3) trimesters. The following aspects were assessed : patterns of night sleep, daytime status, sleep posture, reasons for sleep alteration, and the experience of any particular parasomnias, as well as sleep problem-related treatment or medication. Data analysis was based on 26 women who maintaind good health throughout their pregnancy and completed the questionnaire three times. Results : In comparisons between each trimester and non-pregnant state, total night sleep time, daytime tiredness, and sleepiness were significantly increased in all trimesters. Sleep latency was significantly decreased in TR1 and TR2, but not in TR3. In addition, refreshed feeling on waking the following day was significantly decreased and the number of awakenings during night sleep was significantly increased in TR3, but not in TR1 and TR2. In comparisons between trimesters, there was a significant increase in sleep latency, daytime sleepiness and the number of awakenings during night sleep and a significant decrease in refreshed feeling on waking the following day in TR3 compared to TR1 and TR2. Over the course of pregnancy, the rate of lateral position during sleep was gradually increased and all the pregnant women took the lateral sleeping posture in TR3. The major reasons for sleep pattern alteration were nausea, vomiting and heartburn in TR1, urinary frequency, fetal movement and ache in hips in TR2, and urinary frequency, fetal movement, cramp in legs and backache in TR3. Conclusion : These findings are expected to be useful for educating pregnant women about sleep hygiene. In future studies, the underlying factors and mechanisms regarding sleep patterns during pregnancy will need to be clarified.

• (The) Research of the performance art and culture
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• no.20
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• pp.129-161
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• 2010

Women's social status is marginal in the patriarchal system, therefore it is not easy to express their's desire. Women's social role are restricted by the Confucian culture in the late of Chosun Dinasty. But women freely expressed their's gamseong(感性) by singing the folk songs. Many researches have focused on the reality of life or the structure and meanings of the women's folk songs. On the contrary, no one has paid attention to the gamseong in the women's folk songs. This is the reason why this thesis focused on the aspects of gamseong in the women's folk songs. The aspect of gamseong expression in women's folk songs can be classfied as follow: HAN(恨) resulting from living with one's husband's parents (Si-jip-sa-ri); LONGING caused by parting with the lover; HOPE due to childbirth and bringing up; SHIN-MYOUNG(神明) through deviation and liberation. In conclusion, We can find out women's gamseong would be formed from the their own roles and relationship with the others. Besides they could offset their sorrow and cure their pain through loving others and selfloving.

• Journal of Hospice and Palliative Care
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• v.22 no.1
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• pp.39-47
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• 2019

Purpose: This study was performed to investigate the current status of pediatric palliative care provision and how it is perceived by the palliative care experts. Methods: A descriptive study was conducted with 61 hospice institutions. From September through October 2017, a questionnaire was completed by experts from the participating institutions. Data were analyzed using SPSS 21.0. Results: Among 61 institutions, palliative care is currently provided for pediatric cancer patients by 11 institutions (18.0%), all of which are concentrated in Seoul, Incheon and Gyeonggi and Gyengsang provinces; 85.2% of all do not plan to provide specialized pediatric palliative care in the future. According to the experts, the main barriers in providing pediatric palliative care were the insufficient number of trained specialists regardless of the delivery type. Experts said that it was appropriate to intervene when children were diagnosed with cancer that was less likely to be cured (33.7%) and to move to palliative care institutions when their conditions worsened (38.2%); and it was necessary to establish a specialized pediatric palliative care system, independent from the existing institutions for adult patients (73.8%). Conclusion: It is necessary to develop an education program to establish a nationwide pediatric palliative care centers. Pediatric palliative care intervention should be provided upon diagnosis rather than at the point of death. Patients should be transferred to palliative care institutions after intervention by their existing pediatric palliative care team at the hospital is started.

• Journal of the Korean Society for information Management
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.111-129
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• 2022

Insomnia is a chronic disease in modern society, with the number of new patients increasing by more than 20% in the last 5 years. Insomnia is a serious disease that requires diagnosis and treatment because the individual and social problems that occur when there is a lack of sleep are serious and the triggers of insomnia are complex. This study collected 5,699 data from 'insomnia', a community on 'Reddit', a social media that freely expresses opinions. Based on the International Classification of Sleep Disorders ICSD-3 standard and the guidelines with the help of experts, the insomnia corpus was constructed by tagging them as insomnia tendency documents and non-insomnia tendency documents. Five deep learning language models (BERT, RoBERTa, ALBERT, ELECTRA, XLNet) were trained using the constructed insomnia corpus as training data. As a result of performance evaluation, RoBERTa showed the highest performance with an accuracy of 81.33%. In order to in-depth analysis of insomnia social data, topic modeling was performed using the newly emerged BERTopic method by supplementing the weaknesses of LDA, which is widely used in the past. As a result of the analysis, 8 subject groups ('Negative emotions', 'Advice and help and gratitude', 'Insomnia-related diseases', 'Sleeping pills', 'Exercise and eating habits', 'Physical characteristics', 'Activity characteristics', 'Environmental characteristics') could be confirmed. Users expressed negative emotions and sought help and advice from the Reddit insomnia community. In addition, they mentioned diseases related to insomnia, shared discourse on the use of sleeping pills, and expressed interest in exercise and eating habits. As insomnia-related characteristics, we found physical characteristics such as breathing, pregnancy, and heart, active characteristics such as zombies, hypnic jerk, and groggy, and environmental characteristics such as sunlight, blankets, temperature, and naps.

• Korean Journal of School Psychology
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.165-180
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• 2020

As a tiered system of supports, School-Wide Positive Behavior Support (SWPBS) is an evidence-based practice in the educational system of Korea. An important aspect of SWPBS is the ongoing progress monitoring and evaluation of implementation fidelity. This study aimed to develop and validate the Korean Tier 3 School-Wide Positive Behavior Support Implementation Fidelity Checklist (KT3-FC). The preliminary KT3-FC consisted of a 37-item, 6-factor checklist. In the first phase of the study, 10 experts reported that the range of content validity of the KT3-FC was adequate. In the second phase of the study, 185 teachers (52 men and 133 women) who implemented SWPBS completed the KT3-FC, Individualized Supports Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and PBS Effectiveness Scale. An exploratory factor analysis resulted in a 5-factor structure, with 20 items, instead of 37 items, consisting of: (a) progress monitoring and evaluation of the individualized supports, (b) provision of supports by aligning and integrating mental health and SWPBS, (c) crisis management planning, (d) problem behavior assessment, and (e) establishment of individualized support team. The internal consistency of the KT3-FC was good (full scale α = .950, sub-factor α = .888 ~ .954). In addition, the KT3-FC showed good convergent validity, having statistically significant correlations with the Individualized Support Questionnaire, School Climate Questionnaire, School Discipline Practice Scale, and the PBS Effectiveness Scale. Finally, the confirmatory factor analysis showed that the 5-factor model of the KT3-FC had some good model fits, indicating that the newly developed fidelity measure could be a reliable and valid tool to assess the implementation of Tier 3 supports in Korean schools. Accordingly, the KT3-FC could contribute to implement SWPBS as an evidence-based behavioral intervention for Korean students.

• Proceedings of The Korean Society of Health Promotion Conference
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• 2004.10a
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• pp.17-58
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• 2004

뉴저지주 보건교육/건강 증진정책을 논하기전에 건강증진과 보건 교육사의 뜻을 먼저 기술하기로 한다. 건강증진이란 일상 사회생활과 행동과학의 응용에서 시작하며 교육의 효율적 작전 및 기술, 질병 역학 조사, 개인 및 가족단위 건강 위해 행위 절감, 사회연관 구축망 조성, 그리고 적게는 이웃, 더 나아가 조직체계 및 지역 사회의 네트웍 실시등을 실시한다. 보건교육 및 건강증진 전문가란 ' 전국 보건교육 인증 위원회(NCHEC) ' 에서 채택된 다음 7개 활동 영역에서 개인적, 그룹, 각주단위, 그리고 범 국가적 조직에서 종사하는자로 한다. 개인 및 지역사회 보건 교육 필요성 분석- 계회, 실행, 효율성 평가, 사업 진행 조정, 자문, 컴뮤니케이션 등의 활동범위를 들 수 있다. 공인 보건 교육사(CHES)란 대학 및 대학원에서 보건 교육학 소정의 필수 과목을 이수하고 학.석사 소지자로서 ' 전국 보건 교육 인증 위원회 ' 에서 그 자격을 인정 받고 공인 자격 시험에 합격한자로 한다. 합격자는 자기 성명뒤에 CHES란 칭호를 부치며 매 5년마다 75단위이상 인정된 전문 직업 보수 교육을 받아야 한다. 보건 교육사 고용 분야는 연방, 주, 지방 정부의 보건 교육사(10-15%) 및 건강 증진 전문가로 종사하며; 이들은 지역 사회 조직화, 프로그람 기획, 공공사업 마켓팅, 메디아, 컴뮤니케이션 자질을 갓추어야 하며; 상해 예방, 학교 보건, 지역 사회 영양 실태 향상, 그 외 모든 건강 증진과 질병 예방에 일익을 담당 하여; 의사, 간호사, 약사, 영양사,환경 위생사드의 전문분야종사자들괴 한팀이 되어 지역 사회 보건 사업에 기여한다. 쥬저지 보건 교육사들은 주법령 8조 '||'&'||' 보건행정 표준 시행령 ' 에 따라 포괄적 보건교육/건강증진 프로그램을 개발하여 총체적으로 조절 관장한다. 특희 ' 미국 학술원 의료 연구원 ' 에서 제정한 ' 10대 필수 공중 보건 사업 ' 에 기준을 두고; 1) 개인 및 지역사회 필수 보건 여건 분석 평가, 2) 보건 교육 이론에 따른 사업 계획 설정, 3) 교육 전략과 보건문제 발굴에 따라 일반 대중 대상 보건 교육 실행 (프로그람 기획, 연수 교육, 미디어 캠페인, 공중보건 향상책 옹호), 4) 사업 진행 과정 정리, 그 결과에 대한 영향력과 결과 평가, 5) 프로그램진행, 인사 및 예산관리 참여, 6) 근무향상을 위한 보수교육 프로그램 개발, 7) 보건 의료 업무 종사자 상호 협조성 향상 훈련, 8) 지역 사회자원 밭굴, 9) 적절한 고객 의뢰 체제 시행, 10) 위기 관리 컴뮤니케이션 체제 개발실시, 11) 일반 대중에게 공중 보건 향상 고취, 12) 각종 협력 지원금 신청서 작성 제출, 13) 문화/인종적으로 적절한 시청각 교재 발굴, 15) 질적 및 양적 보건교육/건겅증진책 연구 실시, 16) 비 보험 가담자, 저 보험자, 빈곤자, 이민자 색출 선도, 17) 관활 구역내 상재하는 각 건강증진 프로그램 밝혀 내서 불필요한 중복 회피등이다. 그 외에도 보건 교육사들은 사회 복지 단체인 미국 암 협회, 미국 심장 협회,미국 폐장 협회 등 각종 사회 복지 비영리단체 와 자선 사업 단체들과 긴밀희 협조하거나 그 단체 임직원으로서 건강 증진 사업에 종사한다. 병원 및 의료기관에선 임직원 보수 교육, 환자의 질병 예방및 건강증진 교육, 그리고 의료 사업장내 건장 증진업무에 종사한다. 건강 유지 의료 기관(HMO)에선 예방주사, 정기검진 촉진등을 통한 입원일수 절감, 응급실 사용도 절감등으로 의료비 감축, 삶의질 향상상에 종사한다. 사업장 보건 교육사는 스트레스 관리, 금연 및 흡연 중단선도, 체중 절감, 종업원 건강증진 생활화참여 유치, 컴뮤니케이션 개발, 마켓팅, 질병 예방등에 그 전문 직업적 노하우를 사업체 건강 증진 프로그램 개발에 접목한다. 뉴저지 2010년대 건강 증진책은 5대 목표 설정하여 현재 시행하고 있다. 특이한점은 2001년 9.11사태 이후 연방정부와 주정부의 상당한 예산 지원을 그랜트 지원금 형식으로 받아 연방, 주정부, 지방 정부, 의료 기관등에서 일사 불란하게 생물/화학/방사성 테러에 대비하는데 보건 교육사들은 시민 인지도 향상과 위기관리 컴뮤니케이션 영역에서 활약한다. 총체적인 보건 교육/건강 증진책은 다음 천년간 뉴저지 건강증진 백서와 미연방 정부 건강증진 2010에 준하여 설립한 뉴저지 건강 증진 2010 에 의한다. 그 모델을 보면; 1) 생활 습관 향상으로 위해 행위 절제; 적절한 영양 섭취 와 과체중화 차단 불필요한 투약 절제와 그 관리 흡연 탐익 절감, 금연, 흡연관련 신체/정신적 피해 관리/치료 습관성 약물 중독 조기발견 예방 낙상 예방 폭력, 의도적/비의도적 상해 예방 2) 심장질환, 암, 뇌졸중, 당뇨, 폐염, 인프루엔자등 주사망원인 질병 조기 발견 예방 책 마련; 독감.폐렴 예방 주사 실시 3) 보건 교육 대상과 표적 설정 특히 보건사업 참여 동반자 발굴하여 그 동참과 책임분담 책려; 주. 지방 정부기관, 의료 종사자, 의료 보험 업자, 대학 등 교육 기관, 연구 기관, 교육자, 지방 보건소, 지역 사회 비 영리단체, 종교 단체 및 교역자 등의 참여 촉구., 지역 사회 비 영리단체, 종교 단체 및 교역자 등의 참여 촉구.

• Korea Science and Art Forum
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• v.36
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• pp.391-400
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• 2018

To ensure a user-centered treatment environment, hospital construction needs an approach that is not centered on functional aspects such as efficiency or economic feasibility but on the consideration of needs as reflected in user psychology and behavior. Patients who are physically and psychologically vulnerable experience psychological pressure when they are placed in an unfamiliar environment. Most of existing studies however focus on the evaluation of the physical environment, without paying attention to the psychological or behavioral approach to anxiety and stress that patients may experience in a special environment that a hospital may be to them. This study examines general hospital inpatients to understand the usage of major space available and their satisfaction with privacy. This study provides useful primary information needed for the user-centered design of general hospital for improved patient health and welfare. For the purpose of the study, literature review, site investigation, and survey were conducted. Major functional space and privacy in general hospitals were studied, and the site investigation was performed to identify the plans and their status. Survey was also performed to understand the usage of functional space and satisfaction with such space usage as well as satisfaction with privacy. The findings were as follows: (1) Space usage was rated as average in general. It was found that patients used their rooms and lobby on a daily basis. By age, the usage was highest in the group in their 40s; the usage was relatively lower in the groups in their 30s or younger. (2) Space satisfaction was above average, indicating that patients were fairly satisfied. Satisfaction was highest in the lobby space designed with distinct features. By case, satisfaction was highest in Case B, characterized by its wide horizontal space in the rural settings. (3) Satisfaction with privacy in hospital was average, indicating that the demand for privacy was relatively higher but what patients receive in return was lower than their expectation. It was also found that satisfaction with privacy was a crucial element that affected the overall satisfaction with hospital.