• Journal of Service Research and Studies
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• v.10 no.4
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• pp.43-55
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• 2020

Recently, as the importance of experience data increases, there are many attempts to deal with experience data from a data science perspective. In the case of approaching as a collection method of a quantitative survey method that seeks to quantify numerically such as big data, it is difficult to interpret the value of experience in a wide range, and it is relatively expensive and time consuming, and personal information infringement There is a limit to the analysis due to the risk of However, since ethnography, a procedure for collecting experience data based on qualitative research, is mainly carried out in the natural real environment of future customers from the perspective of users, it is possible to confirm the nature that customers face with a small sample. In addition, it is also easy to interpret the relational dimension of the empirical data. Although the ethnography method of collecting experiential data is economical and efficient, it is important to reduce errors in the collection process because the lack of scientific procedures for the data collection process can be a problem. It is important to secure the validity of whether the correct measurement tool is used for ethnography-based experiential data collection and to secure the reliability of the use of a valid measurement tool and method by accurately selecting the measurement target. From this point of view, it is necessary to verify the reliability of the research method that clearly selects the measurement target and secures the validity for the development of the correct measurement method and tool for the collection of ethnography experience data. Therefore, in this study, a verification study was conducted on the data and methodology cases of the'I know you_AI' service that analyzes the customer experience of self-employed based on the ethnography method of collecting experience data..

• Korean Journal of Psychosomatic Medicine
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• v.4 no.1
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• pp.21-36
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• 1996

This study was attempted to investigate reliability and validity of premenstrual assessment form(PAF). PAF was administered to 230 high school students who had reported premenstrual changes. PAF revealed considerable diversity in premenstrual symtom changes of the subjects. The items with most frequent reported premenstrual changes were 21 items out of 95. Cronbach's internal consistency was .95, and test-retest reliability was .80. Validity test was performed by constructional validation analysis. 8 factors(impulsive & unstable factor, depressive factor, withdrawal & social functioning impairment factor, anxiety & cognitive dysfunction factor, physiological factor, general discomfort factor, increased well-being factor, other factor) emerged at factor analysis. Each of them accounted for 33.97, 5.10, 3.70, 2.93, 2.64, 2.46, 2.12, 2.03 of total variance respectively. High school students experienced impulsive & unstable features of premenstrual symptoms more frequently. This study suggests PAF can be a reliable and valid tool as a initial screening and evaluation of premenstrual changes. finally, factor analysis result was compared with PAF typological categories.

• Journal of Nuclear Fuel Cycle and Waste Technology(JNFCWT)
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.63-75
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• 2012

This paper gives some basic requirements and preferences of various geological environmental conditions for the final deep geological repository of spent nuclear fuel (SNF). This study also indicates how the requirements and preferences are to be considered prior to the selection of sites for a site investigation as well as the final disposal in Korea. The results of the study are based on the knowledge and experience from the IAEA and NEA/OECD as well as the advanced countries in SNF disposal project. This study discusses and suggests preliminary guideline of the disposal requirements including geological, mechanical, thermal, hydrogeological, chemical and transport properties of host rock with long term geological stabilities which influence the functions of a multi-barrier disposal system. To apply and determine whether requirements and preferences for a given parameter are satisfied at different stages during a site selection and suitability assessment of a final disposal site, the quantitative criteria in each area should be formulated with credibility through relevant research and development efforts for the deep geological environment during the site screening and selection processes as well as specific studies such as productions of safety cases and validation studies using a generic underground research laboratory (URL) in Korea.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.44 no.4
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• pp.592-601
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• 2015

Rubus coreanus is known as Korean black raspberry, native to Korea, Japan, and China. Preliminary studies evaluating their potential for cancer treatment in mammalian test systems are ongoing. In recent years, interest has been renewed due to their high levels of anthocyanins. Anthocyanins in black raspberry are important due to their potential health benefits as dietary antioxidant, anti-inflammatory compound, and as a chemopreventive agent. In the present study, Saccharomyces cerevisiae BA29 was isolated from black raspberry fruit and fruit juice as a biogenic amine non-producing strain for manufacturing of black raspberry wine, after which we investigated its characteristics: biogenic amine-producing ability, cell growth ability, alcohol-fermentation ability, and resistance to alcohol, glucose, and sulfur dioxide. Based on preliminary experiments, we optimized culture medium compositions for improving dried cell weight of S. cerevisiae BA29 by response surface methodology (RSM) as a statistical method. Design for RSM used a central composite design, and molasses with the industrial applicability was used as a carbon source. Through statistical analysis, we obtained optimum values as follows: molasses 200 g/L, peptone 30 g/L, and yeast extract 40 g/L. For the model verification, we confirmed about 3-fold improvement of dried cell weight from 6.39 to 20.9167 g/L compared to basal yeast peptone dextrose medium. Finally, we manufactured black raspberry wine using S. cerevisiae BA29 and produced alcohol of 20.33%. In conclusion, S. cerevisiae isolated from black raspberry fruit and juices has a great potential in the fermentation of black raspberry wine.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.267-276
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• 2001

Background: P wave dispersion(PWD) is defined as the difference between the maximum and minimal P wave duration in any of the 12 leads of the surface ECG. The prolongation of atrial conduction time and the inhomogeneous propagation of sinus impulse are known electrophysiologic features in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation(PAF). The purpose of this study was to determine the role of P wave dispersion for the prediction of PAF and to evaluate the effectiveness of prophylactic antiarrhythmic therapy. Materials and Methods: The study population included 20 patients with a history of idiopathic PAF and 20 age and sex matched healthy control subjects. We measured the maximum P wave duration(P maximum) and P wave dispersion from 12 lead ECG. Results: P maximum and P dispersion in idiopathic PAF were significantly higher than normal control group($97.2{\pm}12$, $48.5{\pm}9$ msec vs, $76.5{\pm}11$, $21{\pm}8$ msec, respectively p<0.001, <0.001). After 12-month follow up period P maximum and P dispersion were significantly reduced than those of initial state($77.2{\pm}13$, $26.4{\pm}9$ msec vs. $97.2{\pm}12$, $48.5{\pm}9$ msec, respectively p<0.001,<0.001). Conclusion: P dispersion and P maximum were significantly different between patients with idiopathic PAF and healthy control group. Those are easily accessible, non-invasive simple electrocadiographic markers that could be used for the prediction and prognostic factors of idiopathic PAF.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.31 no.2
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• pp.175-184
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• 2012

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was to isolate and identify algicidal bacterium that tends to kill the toxic dinoflagellate Alexandrium catenella, and to determine the algicidal activity. METHODS AND RESULTS: Among of four algicidal bacteria isolated in this study, NH-12 isolate was the strongest algicidal activity against A. catenella. NH-12 isolate was identified on the basis of biochemical characteristics and analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences. The isolate showed 97.67% homology with Pseudoalteromonas prydzensis ACAM $620^T$ (U85855), and was designated Pseudoalteromonas sp. NH-12. The optimal culture conditions of this isolate were $25^{\circ}C$, initial pH 8.0, and 3.0% (w/v) NaCl concentration. The algicidal activity of NH-12 was significantly increased to maximum value in the late of logarithmic phase of bacterial culture. As a result of 'cell culture insert' experiment, NH-12 is assumed to produce secondary metabolites, as an indirect attacker. When 10% culture filtrate of NH-12 was applied to A. catenella, over 99% of algal cells were destroyed within 24 h. In addition, the killing effects were increased in dose and time dependent manners. CONCLUSION(S): Taken together, our results suggest that Pseudoalteromonas sp. NH-12 could be a candidate for controlling of toxic algal blooms.

• KSBB Journal
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• v.20 no.2 s.91
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• pp.112-115
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• 2005

E. coli in combination with bacteriophage $\lambda$ was used to overcome the intrinsic plasmid instability that is frequently found in recombinant fermentation especially in long-term operation. In order to enhance the stability and productivity, the bacteriophage ${\lambda}NM1070$ was used in this study. It is a $\lambda$ mutant, which is deficient in the synthesis of protein related to DNA packaging and cell lysis. The ${\lambda}NM1070$ is also a temperature-sensitive mutant. To optimize the production of recombinant protein in this temperature-sensitive system, the temperature effects on growth and cloned gene expression were investigated for stable and efficient recombinant gene expression. The induction to the lytic state was not complete at $36^{\circ}C$ while the temperature above $40^{\circ}C$ induced the lytic state completely. However, the productivity was decreased at $42^{\circ}C$ by temperature inhibition. The L-free cell concentration increased with the increase of temperature until $40^{\circ}C$. In conclusion, ${\lambda}NM1070$ has the optimal temperature at $38^{\circ}C$ for stability and at $40^{\circ}C$ for expression.

• Journal of Veterinary Clinics
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• v.24 no.2
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• pp.104-108
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• 2007

The purpose of the study is to evaluate the clinical antagonistic effect of atipamezole(0.25 mg/kg, IM) in cats anesthetized with tiletamine-zolazepam ($Zoletil^{(R)}$, 10 mg/kg, IM) and medetomidine (0.05 mg/kg, IM). Twelve healthy 1 year old Korean mixed breed cats were used for this study. They were 4 males and 8 females. These cats were randomly assigned to two groups. One was control group ($Zoletil^{(R)}$ + medetomidine, ZM), and the other was treatment group ($Zoletil^{(R)}$ + medetomidine and antagonism by atipamezole, ZMA). All cats were examined 15 minutes before, 5, 25, 65 and 105 minutes after administration of tiletamine-zolazepam and medetomidine. Atipamezole was injected intramuscularly 20 minutes after ZM administation. Recovery time, heart rate, respiratory rate, total plasma protein and blood glucose were significantly different between ZM group and ZMA group (P<0.05). However, rectal temperature was not significantly different between ZM group and ZMA group. Two groups were able to induce sternal recumbency within 2 minutes and lateral recumbency within 4 minutes after the anesthetics injection. Mean sternal position time ($mean{\pm}SD$) was $174.0{\pm}44.6\;and\;116.2{\pm}27.3$ minutes, and mean standing position time was $210.8{\pm}45.6\;and\;154.2{\pm}21.1$ minutes in ZM and ZMA group, respectively. In these two groups, adverse effects during recovery time from anesthesia were not seen. As a result, the ZMA group had a faster recovery than the ZM group. Thus it was concluded that atipamezole could exert a useful reversal effect in cats anesthetized with medetomidine-tiletamine/zolazepam combination.

• Journal of radiological science and technology
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• v.28 no.1
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• pp.25-32
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• 2005

Purpose : To evaluate the degree of the artifact which is caused by the mascara and the eye shadow when acquiring MR images and compare the difference of the image distortion according to the change of various pulse sequence. Material and Method : The popular domestic mascara and eye shadow products were selected from three different companies respectively and divided into two groups mascara (M1, M2, M3 ), eye shadow (E1, E2, E3). Self-designed quadrature type saddle coil which has 4 cm inside diameter, 8 cm length and which is for both Tx and Rx was used. MR image was acquired respectively after applying the mascara to the tape from study 1, the eye shadow to the tape from study 2 and adding the eye shadow to the mascara from study 3. The FSE(fast spin echo), the SE(spin echo), the GE(gradient echo) were used as pulse sequences. The degree of the image distortion which was measured from each sequence was analyzed in quality and quantity. Result : The mascara and the eye shadow caused the artifacts to the MR images partially and induced the image distortion. There was a little difference in terms of the degree of artifact according to the change of pulse sequence. From the study 3 in which the eye shadow was applied to the mascara, on the axial plane image, the width of artifact was 16.73 mm in the GE pulse sequence, 6.64 mm in the SE pulse sequence, and 6.19 mm in the FSE pulse sequence. The degree of the artifact appeared highly in order of the GE, the SE and the FSE. On the sagittal plane image, the length of artifact was 22.84 mm in the GE, 17.81 mm in the SE and it appeared highly with the SE and the FSE technique order. Conclusion : When examining the eyeball and the brain of a woman with the mascara and the eye shadow, we have to consider that the artifact caused by them can have an effect on the image diagnosis. We concluded that it is more suitable for a brain and a eyeball T2 emphasizing image to use the FSE technique than the GE technique.

• Korean Chemical Engineering Research
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• v.47 no.2
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• pp.220-229
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• 2009

Strain improvement and morphology investigation in bioreactor cultures were undertaken in suspended cultures of Phellinus linteus mycelia for mass production of protein-bound polysaccharides(soluble ${\beta}$-D-glucan), a powerful immuno-stimulating agent. Phellineus sp. screened for this research was identified as Phellinus linteues through ITS rDNA sequencing method and blast search, demonstrating 99.7% similarity to other Phellinus linteus strains. Intensive strain improvement program was carried out by obtaining large amounts of protoplasts for the isolation of single cell colonies. Rapid and large screening of high-yielding producers was possible because large numbers of protoplasts ($1{\times}10^5{\sim}10^6\;protoplasts/ml$) formed using the banding filtration method with the cell wall-disrupting enzymes could be regenerated in relatively high regeneration frequency($10^{-2}{\sim}10^{-3}$) in the newly developed regeneration medium. It was demonstrated that the strains showing high performances in the protoplast regeneration and solid growth medium were able to produce 5.8~6.4%(w/w) of ${\beta}$-D-glucan and 13~15 g/L of biomass in stable manners in suspended shake-flask cultures of P. linteus mycelia. In addition, cell mass increase was observed to be the most important in order to enhance ${\beta}$-D-glucan productivity during the course of strain improvement program, since the amount of ${\beta}$-D-glucan extracted from the cell wall of P. linteus mycelia was almost constant on the unit biomass basis. Therefore we fully investigated the fungal cell morphology, generally known as one of the key factors affecting cell growth extent in the bioreactor cultures of mycelial fungal cells. It was found that, in order to obtain as high cell mass as possible in the final production bioreactor cultures, the producing cells should be proliferated in condensed filamentous forms in the growth cultures, and optimum amounts of these filamentous cells should be transferred as active inoculums to the production bioreactor. In this case, ideal morphologies consisting of compacted pellets less than 0.5mm in diameter were successfully induced in the production cultures, resulting in shorter period of lag phase, 1.5 fold higher specific cell growth rate and 3.3 fold increase in the final biomass production as compared to the parallel bioreactor cultures of different morphological forms. It was concluded that not only the high-yielding but also the good morphological characteristics led to the significantly higher biomass production and ${\beta}$-D-glucan productivity in the final production cultures.