• The Journal of Korean Medical History
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• v.21 no.1
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• pp.77-81
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• 2008

상과, also called 정골과 in Korea, was a subclass of External Medicine. Of the many sub-fields belonging to Traditional Korean Medicine, 상과 specializes in technological aspects: therefore its preservation and accedence is emphasized. Traditional 상과학 primarily bases clinical diagnosis and treatment on 수기법. Tang dynasty 藺道人's "仙授理傷續斷秘方, the first medical text specializing in 상과, includes detailed description of the 復位, 夾板固定, training, and medicinal treatment stages of treating bone fracture. Jin dynasty 葛洪's "肘後備急方" introduces a fracture treatment method through 竹夾板固定.