• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.33 no.2
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• pp.244-248
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• 2004

Ethanol extract of Agrimoniae Herba showed strong antimicarobial activity againt Listeria monocytogenes, Staphlococcus aureus, Salmonella typhimurium, Escherichia coli and Aeromonas hydrophila subsp. hydrophila The growth of tested organisms was significantly inhibited above 4 log in tryptic soy broth with about 0.12%(w/v) of Agrimoniae Herba after incubation for 12 hrs at 37$^{\circ}C$. Antimicrobial activity of Agrimoniae Herba was decreased by heat treatment at above 8$0^{\circ}C$. But Agrimoniae Herba showed strong inhibitory effect after heat treatment at 121$^{\circ}C$ for 15 min. The growth of L. monocytogenes was inhibited by addition of 0.6% Agrimoniae Herba in food system (ham homogenate).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.24 no.6
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• pp.581-585
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• 1992

To isolate zearalenone-producing strains from agricultural products in Youngnam districts, various samples such as rice(60), barley(52), soybean(45), peanut(33), corn(32), maeju(27), unhulled rice(UR, 40), unhulled barley(UB, 54), and soil(32) collected. From 375 samples, 302 Fusarium strains were isolated. The isolated strains were cultured for 14 days at $30^{\circ}C$ in rice medium, and then screened zearalenone-producing strains by TLC and HPLC. The result was that 29 isolates[rice(3), maeju(2), corn(1), barley(5), soil(4), peanut(3), soybean(4), U.B.(5), U.R.(2)] were screened as zearalenone-producing strains by TLC, while 19 isolates [rice(2), maeju(1), corn(1), barley(4), soil(3), soybean(2), U.B.(3), U.R.(3)] by HPLC method.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.34 no.1
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• pp.86-91
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• 1989

Since most chemicals effect to the non-target organisms, present study was conducted to determine the effects of some herbicides to soybean nodule bacteria(Rhizobium japonicum) in vitro. Selective upland herbicides Alachlor, Linuron, Simazine and nonselective Paraquat were medicated to the YEMA media and survival rate of the bacteria in the medium was measured a week after incubation. Survival of soybean nodule bacteria in the media medicated with recommended concentration 400 ppm of Alachlor and Linuron were decreased significantly by 27.4 ％ and 57.8 ％, respectively. While little effect was observed in Simazine, a marked reduction of survival was observed in 200 ppm of Paraquat. Effects of Alachlor was different with isolates of the nodule bacteria. Isolate I -122 was relatively resistant and I -145 was more sensitive. than other isolates tested. Intermediate K-5 was the most resistant at the recommended dose and the survival dose was drastically reduced with increment of concentration. Nodule formation of the soybean plants was different with the varieties and isolates. The most nodulation was observed in the resistant isolates I -122 and K-S, for which the nodulation might be related with the resistance to the environmental stress factors.

• The Korean Journal of Mycology
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• v.41 no.2
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• pp.81-94
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• 2013

The purpose of this study was to investigate effects of inoculation of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on growth of Korean ginseng (Panax ginseng C. A. Mey.) seedlings. Five species of AMF (Glomus mosseae, Glomus intraradices, Glomus etunicatum, Acaulospora longula, Acaulospora trappei) were inoculated to ginseng seedlings at 60 days after ginseng seed germination. Dry weights, heights of the plants and chlorophyll fluorescence were measured at 120 days after inoculation of AMF. Dry weights and shoot heights were increased in seedlings inoculated with AMF compared to the controls without AMF. However, chlorophyll fluorescence of seedlings with AMF showed no significant difference compared to the control.

• KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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• v.23 no.2
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• pp.113-117
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• 1978

An attempt was made to establish a mass-screening technique for resistance to purple seed stain .disease in soybean. Seeds sterilized in 1 : 10000 'mercuric chloride for 1 minute and transffered to Petridishes containing 20ml water agar plus 50ppm of the sodium salt of 2,4-D were inoculated by placing a small agar cube containing fungal mycelium on the seed coat of each seed. A positive correlation between natural infection of purple seed :stain and purple discoloration by seed inoculation technique was highly significant and by this technique, some native soybean collections and introduced varieties were tested for resistance to the disease. Most of the soybean varieties tested were susceptible except for the varieties Hill, Harosoy and Sac, resistant comparatively.

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.21 no.2
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• pp.229-234
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• 1989

Cooked soybeans were fermented with B. subtilis and B. natto for 48 hrs and 74 hrs. The odor concentrates of during these Chungkookjang fermentation were obtained with a simultaneous distillation and extraction system. The seperation and identification were carried out by GC and GC-MS. The main components of the cooked odor concentrate of soybeans were 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octen-3-ol etc.. In Chungkookjang (B. subtilis inoculation), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octen-3-ol remained but alkyl pyrazines such as 2,5-dimethyl pyrazine, trimethyl pyrazine and tetramethyl pyrazine increased and those increased during the fermentation. In Chungkookjang(B. natto inoculation), 3-methyl-1-butanol, 1-pentanol and 1-octen-3-ol, main components of cooked soybeans decreased and alkyl pyrazines increased, especially, tetramethyl pyrazine remarkably increased during fermentation. From the result, it seems that alkyl pyrazines caused the characteristic odor of Chungkookjang and mask the beany odor.

• Horticultural Science & Technology
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• v.33 no.1
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• pp.70-82
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• 2015

This study was conducted to establish an efficient screening system to identify melon resistant to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis. F. oyxsporum f. sp. melonis GR was isolated from infected melon plants collected at Goryeong and identified as F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis based on morphological characteristics, molecular analyses, and host-specificity tests on cucurbits including melon, oriental melon, cucumber, and watermelon. In addition, the GR isolate was determined as race 1 based on resistance responses of melon differentials to the fungus. To select optimized medium for mass production of inoculum of F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis GR, six media were tested. The fungus produced the most spores (microconidia) in V8-juice broth. Resistance degrees to the GR isolate of 22 commercial melon cultivars and 6 rootstocks for melon plants were investigated. All tested rootstocks showed no symptoms of Fusarium wilt. Among the tested melon cultivars, only three cultivars were susceptible and the other cultivars displayed moderate to high resistance to the GR isolate. For further study, six melon cultivars (Redqueen, Summercool, Superseji, Asiapapaya, Eolukpapaya, and Asiahwanggeum) showing different degrees of resistance to the fungus were selected. The development of Fusarium wilt on the cultivars was tested according to several conditions such as plant growth stage, root wounding, dipping period of roots in spore suspension, inoculum concentration, and incubation temperature to develop the disease. On the basis of the test results, we suggest that an efficient screening method for melon plants resistant to F. oxysporum f. sp. melonis is to remove soil from roots of seven-day-old melon seedlings, to dip the seedlings without cutting in s pore s uspension of $3{\times}10^5conidia/mL$ for 30 min, to transplant the inoculated seedlings to plastic pots with horticulture nursery media, and then to cultivate the plants in a growth room at 25 to $28^{\circ}C$ for about 3 weeks with 12-hour light per day.

• Korean Journal of Environmental Agriculture
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• v.15 no.1
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• pp.25-36
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• 1996

This study was carried out to isolate some bacterial strains which had potentiality of good degrader of fungicides from herbicide free soil and to clarify degradation of a fungicide mycrobutanyl[2-p-chlorophenyl-2-(1H-1,2,4-triazole-1-ylmethyl)-hexanenitrile]. Ten strains of the gram-positive and the gram-negative bacteria were isolated and identified. Most of them vigorously proliferated at 55ppm of mycrobutanil, but the stains were not grown when more than 70ppm of this fungicide were treated Staphylococcus spp. I, Actinobacillus spp. III, and another I of the isolated bacteria degraded more than 35% of the treated mycrobutanil. These three strains could utilize mycrobutanil as nitrogen and carbon sources. Mycrobutanil was rapidly decomposed by these strains when applied once or three times. Tested bacteria gradually increased in growth when mycrobutanil was applied repeatedly. Degradation of mycrobutanil and growth of these bacteria were greater in pH 5.5, and they were high in the order of $28^{\circ}C$ > $18^{\circ}C$ > $38^{\circ}C$.

• Applied Biological Chemistry
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• v.47 no.1
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• pp.78-84
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• 2004

In order Nuruk to improve the quality of millet wine, a traditional Jeju cereal wine, yeasts and molds were isolated from 35 kinds of Nuruk collected nationwide. Isolated strains were screened for saccharification of starch and brewing of millet wine. Fermentation characteristics of millet wine with different types of Nuruk were also investigated. The average number of microbial populations in the Nuruk were $6.4{\times}10^5{\sim}4.5{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$ for molds and $1.4{\times}10^4{\sim}7.7{\times}10^7\;cfu/g$ for yeasts. Among the 169 strains of molds and 103 strains of yeasts, 16 strains were screened for saccharifying activity on starch as a substrate, and one yeast strain was screened for the brewing of millet wine. A8-3, supposed as Aspergillus sp., showed the highest enzyme activities of glucdamylase, ${\alpha}-amylase$ and xylanase while B23-3 strain, supposed as Rhizopus sp., showed the highest saccharifying activity. A10-4, supposed as Saccharomyces sp., showed the highest level of weight loss from $CO_2$ evolution, sugar and alcohol tolerance during fermentation. When the Nuruk was made after inoculation with the selected strains, saccharifying activity was higher for the co-cultivation of A8-3 and B23-3 than individual cultivation of each strain. Similar saccharifying activities were shown in both disc-type and pellet-type Nuruk. It was suggested that pellet-type Nuruk could improve fermentation yield. The collected Nuruk consisted of $10{\sim}13%$ moisture, $55{\sim}70%$ total sugar, $10{\sim}18%$ crude protein, $0.2{\sim}1.0%$ crude fat and $1.8{\sim}2.1%$ ash. The Nuruk made in this study was composed of $12{\sim}15%$ moisture, $61{\sim}71%$ total sugar, $15{\sim}20%$ crude protein, $0.4{\sim}1.5%$ crude fat and $1.1{\sim}1.5%$ ash.

• Korean Journal of Agricultural Science
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• v.5 no.2
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• pp.136-144
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• 1978

A series of experiments over three years was planned for practical application of rhizobia in farms and grass lands in Korea. This is the report for the studies of the first year mainly on the isolation and characterization of rhizobial strains, and on the assessment of their nodulation abilities and nitrogen fixation capacities. 1. Total number of 88 strains for soybean group and 22 st ra ins for pea and vetch group was isolated from nodules which were taken from legumes grown in Daekwanyong, Cheju and various places in Korea. 2. Morphological and cultural characteristics of the strains were studied, and attempts were also made to investigate their antigenic properties and to demonstrate lysogenic strains in these groups. The results were : i) the isolates varied in cultural characteristics on yeast mannitol broth and agar, and in degree of congo reel absorption ; ii) similarities in their antigenic properties were found between/among the strains: G-3/G-9/D216, G-20/G-52 in soybean group; iii) no lysogeny was found in the strains of these groups. 3. Plant infection tests by test tube and bottle method in light room were carried out to elucidate the ability of the strains to nodulate specific legumes and of the capacity of such nodules to fix atmospheric nitrogen. The isolates were grouped into non- invasive, ineffective, or effective to the legumes. Those strains which produced effective nodules, supporting similar level of growth as nitrate control, were: P-3, 4 and 8 in pea and vetch group; G-23, 27, and, D-216 in soybean group.