• The Transactions of the Korea Information Processing Society
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.703-714
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• 1998

Translation of a Korean text into a braille text causes no problem under the existing Korean braille-code System that maintains I: I correspondence between Korean characters and braille codes. However, reverse translation of a braille text into a Korean text would cause unavoidable mis-translation due to I : N correspondences between braille codes and Korean characters. The analysis shows that in Korean braille-code System, the major reasons for mis-translation are the conflicts between Korean Chosung (initial consonant) letters and numbers, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and punctuations, between Korean Jongsung (final consonant) letters and English mode delimiter codes, and overlapping use of the same braille code such as opening and closing parentheses. In this paper, we firstly established a reverse translation rule, that is to use an ordinary braille code unless the braille code causes any conflict in braille code sequences. If any ordinary braille code may cause some conflict during the reverse translation, an extended braille code that we propose in this paper must be used. In the experimentation, we cannot get any translation errors with the newly designed braille-code System compared with 25% of errors with the existing braille-code System.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.6
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• pp.29-35
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• 2023

Braille can be said to be an essential means used for the visually impaired to communicate or acquire information on visual materials in their lives. However, the rate of interpretation of braille among the visually impaired is insignificant at 5%. As a result, libraries for the visually impaired produce various types of materials that can obtain various information for the visually impaired and also have assistive technology equipment to interpret them. However, the publication rate of Braille books is too low to purchase and interpret Braille books. In addition, the Braille interpretation rate is too low, and the purchase of assistive technology devices is too expensive and slow. Therefore, in this paper, we implemented a system that displays Braille using Arduino to help visually impaired people in addition to the existing methods they use to obtain information. For Braille display, Korean data is transmitted from Python through serial communication between Python and Arduino, and Arduino, which receives the data, compares the Korean data with the data in the array in the program and retrieves the Braille values of the Korean data. Here, the Braille value was expressed by controlling the servo motor perpendicular or horizontal to the body using white and black circles based on the Braille list.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2019.10a
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• pp.566-569
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• 2019

본 시스템은 시각 장애인들이 일반 책을 점자책처럼 읽을 수 있도록 페이지를 스캔해서 점자(점각)를 표현하는 기기이다. 카메라 모듈로 페이지를 스캔하면 프로그램은 페이지 위의 글자를 인식해 해석하고 이를 점자로 번역한다. 번역된 점자는 솔레노이드 모터를 통해 실제 시각 장애인이 읽을 수 있도록 점자를 표현한다.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.20 no.6
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• pp.41-50
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• 2020

This paper deals with the Braille Education System which complements the shortcomings of the existing Braille Learning Products. An application dedicated to the blind is configured to perform full functions through touch gestures and voice guidance for user convenience. Braille kit is produced for educational purposes through Arduino and 3D printing. The system supports the following functions. First, the learning of the most basic braille, such as initial consonants, final consonant, vowels, abbreviations, etc. Second, the ability to check learned braille by solving step quizzes. Third, translation of braille. Through the experiment, the recognition rate of touch gestures and the accuracy of braille expression were confirmed, and in case of translation, the translation was done as intended. The system allows blind people to learn braille efficiently.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.643-644
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• 2022

시청각 중복 장애인은 타인과 의사소통에 어려움이 있기 때문에 이에 대한 연구가 필요하다. 본 논문에서는 시청각 중복 장애인이 타인과 실시간 의사소통이 가능한 팔목 보호대 형태의 Google Cloud Speech API 기반 점자 단말기를 제안한다. 점자 단말기에는 심박, 온도, 인바디 센서를 부착하여 착용자의 건강상태를 분석한다. 또한 타인과 실시간 소통을 위해 점자 출력 닷 셀 6 개와 점자 입력버튼을 2 × 3 형태로 배치하여 STT 를 통해 타인의 음성을 점자형태로 출력하여 읽거나 점자를 입력하여 TTS 를이용해 타인에게 스피커를 통해 의사를 전달할 수 있다. 이를 통해 시청각 중복 장애인들은 타인과 실시간 의사소통과 정보 취득에 자유로워질 수 있다.

• Journal of Internet of Things and Convergence
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• v.9 no.3
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• pp.87-92
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• 2023

As times develop, information becomes more diverse and methods of obtaining it become more diverse. About 80% of the amount of information gained in life is acquired through the visual sense. However, visually impaired people have limited ability to interpret visual materials. That's why Braille, a text for the blind, appeared. However, the Braille decoding rate of the blind is only 5%, and as the demand of the blind who want various forms of platforms or materials increases over time, development and product production for the blind are taking place. An example of product production is braille books, which seem to have more disadvantages than advantages, and unlike non-disabled people, it is true that access to information is still very difficult. In this paper, we designed a CNN-based Braille conversion and voice output device to make it easier for visually impaired people to obtain information than conventional methods. The device aims to improve the quality of life by allowing books, text images, or handwritten images that are not made in Braille to be converted into Braille through camera recognition, and designing a function that can be converted into voice according to the needs of the blind.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.49-52
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• 2019

Braille guide block of sidewalk is an essential facility for independent walking of the blind. The blind walks while checking the braile guide blocks with white cane and sense of sole. When they leave the braile area, they face difficulties until they find the braile guide blocks again. In this paper, we propose an algorithm that guides the walking of the blind by determining whether they follows the braille guide blocks safely. For this purpose, the slope of the braille block is selected as a feature and a 3-line detector is introduced. Also the slopes are stabilized using spatial filtering to deal with breaks or junctions of the braille block during the progress and temporal filtering to cope with ego-motion of the blind. Through simulations using a dataset obtained from the real sidewalks and indoors, it can be shown that the proposed algorithm can successfully estimate the walking direction and determine whether the blind is out of the braille guide block area.

• Proceedings of the Korean Society for Information Management Conference
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• 2002.08a
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• pp.209-214
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• 2002

본 논문에서는 정보기술의 발달과 인터넷의 보급 등의 IT 혁명이 점자도서관에도 영향을 줌으로써 시각장애인들을 위한 정보환경의 변화를 살펴보고자 하였다. 정보기술의 발전에 따른 정보환경의 급속한 변화에 따른 점자도서관의 서비스 동향을 정보매체 중심으로 살펴보고 개선할 방향을 제시하였다.

• Annual Conference on Human and Language Technology
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• 1993.10a
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• pp.605-629
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• 1993

시각장애인이 정보를 접할 수 있는 방법으로는 청각과 촉각있으며, 청각으로는 어떤 음성매체를 통하여 사람의 목소리나 소리로써 의사전달이 이루어지며, 촉각으로는 시각장애인이 학습하여 익혀온 점자표기법으로 의사소통이 이루어진다. 이 촉각을 사용하는 방식인 점자표기법에 통일성을 기하고, 그 사용의 불편함을 해결하고자 일반 워드프로세서 기능에 점자출력이 가능하도록 한글점자번역시스템을 개발한 것이다. 그러므로 정보화 사회에 부응하여 많은 시각장애인들도 일반문자에 의한 교육 및 의사전달, 그리고 컴퓨터를 활용한 직업재활의 수단을 제공하는 것이다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2015.04a
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• pp.1031-1032
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• 2015

이전부터 시각 장애인들은 제한된 인쇄매체를 사용해왔다. 하지만 시각 장애인들은 각종 데이터 및 콘텐츠 정보에 대한 접근성이 부족하여 일반인과의 정보 격차가 심화될 수밖에 없다. 이를 해결하기 위해 시각 장애인의 환경을 개선할 수 있는 여러 장비들이 개발되고 있다. 그 중에서도 문자 표기의 경우 점자 표기로 대체하여 사용되어왔으며 대표적인 예로는 점자 출력 장치가 있다. 하지만 기존의 점자 출력 장치는 고가이며 경제적으로 어려운 시각장애인의 경우 구입하기 어렵다. 또한 제조사 별로 제공하는 콘텐츠 수의 한계로 인해 보다 효과적인 사용이 어렵다. 본 논문에서는 스마트 디바이스와 연동 가능한 저가형 점자 출력 장치를 제안한다.