• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.17 no.4
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• pp.124-137
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• 2018

The main purpose of this study is to find the hotspots of crimes that occur frequently in the space and to derive the appropriate CCTV installation location. One of the characteristics of crime is clustered around past occurrence area, and these crimes are strongly correlated. It is also possible to find the cause of the clusters and the variables that affect the crime through the history of the crime. In addition to the traditional OLS model, spatial differential model including spatial autocorrelation and spatial error model were used to select the variables influencing the five major crime rate, the theft rate and the foreign resident rate. The variables affecting the Five major crimes were positive (+) sign for the welfare and the rate of the bar cluster rate, and negative (-) for the street density. The CCTV area occupies 46% of the hotspots based on the overlapping of the areas where the elderly people are crowded, the bar cluster, many multicultural families, and the areas with low density of street lamps. It turned out. Taking into account the current CCTV operation, the total number of new cases to cover the risk point was 89.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2021.05a
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• pp.431-433
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• 2021

In this paper, abnormal behavior monitoring system using YOLO AI platform was implemented and had superior response characteristics compared to the conventional monitoring system using two-shot detection by using one-shot detection of YOLO system. The YOLO platform was trained using image dataset composed of abnormal behaviors such as assault, theft, and arson. The abnormal behavior monitoring system consists of client and server and can be applicable to smart cities to solve various crime problems if it is commercialized.

• Proceedings of the Korea Information Processing Society Conference
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• 2021.11a
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• pp.1140-1143
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• 2021

예부터 최근까지 세계적으로 해마다 자전거 도난의 문제가 빈번히 발생하고 있고 자전거 자물쇠를 지니고 다녀야 하는 번거로움 또한 발생하고 있다. 현재 자전거 절도가 가장 생활범죄에서 1순위를 차지하고 국가적으로 봐도 많은 도난이 발생하고 있는 나라가 우리나라이지만, 이에 대한 해결책이 미비하며 국가에서의 관심이 턱없이 부족하여, 효율적인 해결방안이 없다. 이러한 문제점을 해결하기 위해 본 논문에서는 현대인에 맞는 스마트한 IOT 자전거 도난 방지 시스템을 제안하고 개발한다. 개발한 시스템은 상황에 맞는 대처 및 시스템 실시간 관리를 통해 사람들이 많이 지니고 다니는 스마트폰에 애플리케이션을 이용하여 긴급상황에 적절하게 대처하여 안전 운행을 가능하게 한다. 또한 현시대에 맞게 휴대성을 위하여 최대한 소형화하고 이에 걸맞은 보안 시스템을 개발함으로써 차후 다양한 분야에 상용화하는 발전 가능성을 기대한다.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.4
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• pp.64-80
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• 2018

In Korea, citizens can only know general information about crime. Thus it is difficult to know how much they are exposed to crime. If the police can predict the crime risky area, it will be possible to cope with the crime efficiently even though insufficient police and enforcement resources. However, there is no prediction system in Korea and the related researches are very much poor. From these backgrounds, the final goal of this study is to develop an automated crime prediction system. However, for the first step, we build a big data set which consists of local real crime information and urban physical or non-physical data. Then, we developed a crime prediction model through machine learning method. Finally, we assumed several possible scenarios and calculated the probability of crime and visualized the results in a map so as to increase the people's understanding. Among the factors affecting the crime occurrence revealed in previous and case studies, data was processed in the form of a big data for machine learning: real crime information, weather information (temperature, rainfall, wind speed, humidity, sunshine, insolation, snowfall, cloud cover) and local information (average building coverage, average floor area ratio, average building height, number of buildings, average appraised land value, average area of residential building, average number of ground floor). Among the supervised machine learning algorithms, the decision tree model, the random forest model, and the SVM model, which are known to be powerful and accurate in various fields were utilized to construct crime prevention model. As a result, decision tree model with the lowest RMSE was selected as an optimal prediction model. Based on this model, several scenarios were set for theft and violence cases which are the most frequent in the case city J, and the probability of crime was estimated by $250{\times}250m$ grid. As a result, we could find that the high crime risky area is occurring in three patterns in case city J. The probability of crime was divided into three classes and visualized in map by $250{\times}250m$ grid. Finally, we could develop a crime prediction model using machine learning algorithm and visualized the crime risky areas in a map which can recalculate the model and visualize the result simultaneously as time and urban conditions change.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.315-338
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• 2013

Recently as the economic circumstances have been getting worse, livelihood crimes like shoplifting have occurred considerably frequently. Shoplifting is the stealing behavior occurred in the retail shop such as department store, discount store, supermarket. Though there is economic and social risk of shoplifting, academic research of shoplifting has implemented scarcely. This study analyzes the shoplifting behavior in the retail store and its influencing factors, and aims to provide background of academic research of this field. So this study will give practical implication to reduce or prevent shoplifting behavior. As a result of this study, friend relationship and compulsive buying disposition influence the attitude of shoplifting behavior. But economic motive, stimulus pursuit disposition, and experience motive do not influence the attitude of shoplifting behavior. Finally to reduce or prevent shoplifting behavior, this study suggests the implications of this study and further research agenda.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.48
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• pp.147-176
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• 2016

Korean Peninsula is surrounded by ocean on three sides. Because of this geographical quality over 97% of export and import volumes are exchange by sea. Foreign ship and international passenger vessels carries foreign tourist and globalization and internationalization increases this trends. Leisure population grows with national income increase and interest of ocean. And accidents and incidents rates are also increases. Korea Coast Guard's jurisdiction area is 4.5 times bigger than our country. The length of coastline is 14,963km including islands. One patrol vessel is responsible for 24,068km and one coast guard substation is responsible for 94km. Efficient patrol activities can not be provided. This research focus on this problem. Analyze the status and trends of maritime crime and suggest efficient patrol activities. To deal with increasing maritime crime rate this study suggest to use geographical profile method which developed early 1900s in USA. This geographical profile analyse the spatial characteristic and mapping this result. With this result potential crime zone can be predicted. One of the result is hot spot management which gives data about habitual crime zone. In Korea National Police Agency adopt this method in 2008 and apply on patrol and crime prevention activity by analysis of different criteria. Korea National Police Agency analyse the crime rate with crime type, crime zone and potential crime zone, and hourly, regionally criteria. Korea Coast Guard need to adopt this method and apply on maritime to make maritime crime map, which shows type of crime with regional, periodical result. With this geographical profiling we can set a Criminal Point which shows the place where the crime often occurs. The Criminal Points are set with the data of numerous rates such as homicide, robbery, burglary, missing, collision which happened in ocean. Set this crime as the major crime and manage the data more thoroughly. I expect to enhance the reinforcement of marine crime using this Criminal Points. Because this points will give us efficient way to prevent the maritime crime by placing the patrol vessel where they needed most.

• Journal of the Korean Association of Geographic Information Studies
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• v.21 no.3
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• pp.63-75
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to analyze the effects of CCTV installation empirically in the economic and spatial aspects(crime displacement and diffusion effects of crime control benefits), targeting S city in Korea. In terms of economic effects, caused by CCTV installation(2012 and 2013), cost benefit analysis was conducted by means of CCTV installation costs, crime cases, and crime costs per case. The result shows that there is positive effect of 1.34(34%) in 2012. This is slightly higher than the previous study results in Korea(cost effectiveness 1.32), but a little lower than the USA cases(cost effectiveness 1.49). In the case areas in S city, the result proves that the new CCTV has gained economic profit through the crime reduction, compared to the installation expences. However, the cases in 2013 shows no economic profit effect. Secondly, an analysis was conducted in the spatial aspect(crime displacement and diffusion effects of crime control benefits) by using the analysis tool of crime displacement value called WDQ. The results are summarized as follows: The total crimes in three regions had crime diffusion effect but it was less than the direct effect, while in one region, displacement effect was found, but they were less than direct effect. In the case of theft and violence, CCTV had a positive effect, except for one region. The results of the analysis were totally different. Judging from this difference, it may conclude that the effects of CCTV are different by the types of crimes and the places of crimes. The results of this study is meaningful in that it examined and evaluated the effects of the CCTV by scientific and rational measurement tools where previous studies are not many. In addition, it has policy implication for the validity of CCTV and making effective installation plan for crime reduction and prevention.

• Proceedings of the Korean Institute of Information and Commucation Sciences Conference
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• 2022.05a
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• pp.180-182
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• 2022

As various crimes such as theft, assault, and sex crimes are increasing, each local government is installing CCTVs to prevent them, and operating and managing control centers for emergency response. When the control center detects a dangerous situation in the field, it responds immediately in connection with the police or 911. However, since it is managed by humans, the response speed is anomalous and the reality is that it is mainly used for post-processing. Therefore, through the artificial intelligence LED signage, it notifies the emergency situation at the site, and it serves as a warning function before getting help from passers-by or an accident occurs. In this paper, we design and research a warning system such as changing the lighting color of the LED signboard or making a sound by reflecting the artificial intelligence algorithm. We intend to contribute to public safety and social safety through this study.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.29
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• pp.301-336
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• 2011

This exploratory study aims to review the risks and threats of social network services(SNSs), particularly focusing upon the policing perspective. This paper seeks to acknowledge the present risk/danger of SNSs and the very significance of establishing a strategic framework to effectively prevent and/or control criminal misuse of SNSs. This research thus advocates that proactive study on security issues and criminal aspects of SNSs and preventive countermeasures can play a significant role in policing the networked society in the time of digital/internet age. Social network sites have been increasingly attracting the attention of entrepreneurs, and academic researchers as well. In this exploratory article, the researcher tried to define concepts and features of SNSs and describe a variety of issues and threats posed by SNSs. After summarizing existing security risks, the researcher also investigated both the potential threats to privacy associated with SNSs, such as ID theft and fraud, and the very danger of SNSs in case of being utilized by terrorists and/or criminals, including cyber-criminals. In this study, the researcher primarily used literature reviews and empirical methods. The researcher thus conducted extensive case studies and literature reviews on SNSs. The literature reviews herein cover theoretical discussions on characteristics, usefulness, and/or potential danger/harm of SNSs. Through the literature review, the researcher also concentrated upon being able to identify a strategic framework for law enforcement to effectively prevent criminal misuse of SNSs The limitation of this study can be lack of statistical data and attempts to examine previously un-researched area in the field of SNS and its security risks and potential criminal misuse. Thus, to supplement this exploratory study, more objective theoretical models and/or statistical approaches would be needed to provide law enforcement with sustainable policing framework and contribute to suggesting policy implications.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.4
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• pp.189-218
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• 2001

Mr. Cho OO, a famous ex-delinquent who has already spent 27 years in prison for his hardened stealing habit and escape, was recently again arrested by Japanese police for housrbreaking in Japan. Every Korean people would have believed that he had abandoned his habit for good, because, since his liberation in 1998 , he showed himself as a man perfectly cured. He became a believer more than ever, married a well-to-do beautiful woman, got a son from her, had a good income from his job as homme security counsellor and from several other occupations, and after all worked a lot for homeless and unfortunate. Now, his case is given as an important subject to approach for criminologists. As well as we are concerned, we thought, to explain his case criminological, it's primarily necessary to skim through the main criminological theories, and that in behalf of this case. After that, we will be able to decide which theory is mostly appropriate to explain his inveterate disease. The one we chose is the social learning theory. But this theory alone won't allow us to understand all aspects of his crime. This is why we will have to turn to several other theories to complete our explanation. But theoretical understanding alone of a criminal case is useless if it cannot suggest a remedy for it. And, we finish our study by making some suggestions on this case.