• Title/Summary/Keyword: 절간 차이

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Studies on Heading Date of Wheat and Barley IV. The Influence of Temperature and Photoperiod on the Ecological Characteristics of Barley (맥류의 출수기에 관한 연구 IV. 온도와 일장이 대맥의 생태적 특성에 미치는 영향)

  • 하용웅;이성희
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.29 no.4
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    • pp.386-393
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    • 1984
  • This study was carried out to identify the ecological characters easily changeable with the conditions of temperature and day-length and to ascertain the managable means which can optimize the barley plants to secure the maximae yield and early heading under controlled condition. Yield and yield components were greatly varied with temperature. Especially, effective tiller formation and grain filling of sub-tillers were more favorably affected by thermal treatment than those of main tiller. In thermic response, 'Kangbori' was less susceptible than others, while 'Sacheon #6' showed particular susceptability. The varietal differences of photoperiodic response were recognized on all investigated traits and their degree of response were similar to those with temperature. Among varieties, 'Kangbori' was comparably sensitive on several characters while 'Sacheon #6' displaying low light-sensitivity. The turning point at which heading might be radically stimulated was estimated as about 10.5 hour day-length in 3 tested varieties and above 18 hours of irradiance was considered ineffective for more rapid heading. The condition under which barley varieties may obtain maximal yield and resonably early heading was 15$^{\circ}C$ in temperature and 12 to 15 hours of day-length, regardless of varieties. of day-length, regardless of varieties.

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Lodging Related Traits and Yield of Rice as Affected by Time of Paclobutrazol Application (Paclobutrazol 처리시기가 벼의 도복형질과 수량에 미치는 영향)

  • 이석순;김태주
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.33 no.4
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    • pp.336-342
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    • 1988
  • An experiment was carried out to know the effects of paclobutrazol application time on the lodging related traits and yield of a rice variety. Seomjinbyeo, at two nitrogen leveles. Paclobutrazol (3kg 10a of 0.6% G) was applied 43, 33, 23, and 13 days before heading (DBH) and lodging related traits were observed 10, 20, 30, and 40 days after heading (DAH). Earlier applications of paclobutrazol reduced the length of lower internodes and later applications reduced the upper internodes. Culm length tended to decrease as time of paclobutrazol application delayed. Although lodging was not occurred in all plots. lodging index of paclobutrazol treated plots was lower than that of control and increased with maturity, Fresh weight of shoot increased up to 30 DAH and then decreased. Both fresh weight and breaking strength did not show consistent tendency with time of paclobutrazol application and observation. Direct effect of shoot fresh weight contributing to lodging index decreased with maturity. but that of breaking strength and culm length was similar during the ripening stages. Direct effect contributing to lodging index was greater in the order of breaking strength culm length. and fresh weight 40 DAH. Starch content of culm base decreased up to 20 DAH and then increased up to 40 DAH. Cellulose content increased up to 20 DAH, but hemicellulose and lignin did not change significantly during the ripening stages. Starch, cellulose, hemicellulose, and lignin contents of culm base did not correlated with breaking strength and time of paclobutrazol application did not show consistent results. Paclobutrazol applied 13 DBH did not reduce yield of rice. but the earlier applications reduced yield due to a reduced number of spikelets per panicle.

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Several Treatments of Veronica rotunda Nakai for Pot Cultivation (분화 재배를 위한 둥근산꼬리풀의 몇 가지 처리)

  • Yeon, Soo Ho;Lee, Sang In;Lee, Seung Yeon;Lee, Cheol Hee
    • Proceedings of the Plant Resources Society of Korea Conference
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    • 2019.04a
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    • pp.89-89
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    • 2019
  • 둥근산꼬리풀(Veronica rotunda Nakai)은 다년생 초본으로 높은산 정상에서 자라며, 초장은 10~20 cm, 잎의 길이는 2~4 cm 정도이다. 또한, 기부의 잎은 엽병이 불분명하고, 줄기에는 털이 없는 것으로 알려져 있다. 관상소재로 이용되고 있으나, 식물정보는 매우 부족하며, 활용하기 위해서는 재배 연구와 식물에 대한 정보 수집이 필요하다. 이에 본 연구는 둥근산꼬리풀의 관상용 재배 시 적정 차광, 기비, 추비, 왜화제 및 적심 등의 처리 정도를 알아보고자 수행하였다. 재배방법의 확립을 위하여 선행연구에서 육묘한 유묘(2018년 5월 15일에 파종하여 생산)를 7월 16일에 정식하여 10월 15일까지 약 14주 동안 재배하였다. 공통조건은 플라스틱 화분 10호(이색포트, $9{\times}9cm$)에 원예상토를 충진하고, 200구 트레이에 셀 당 4립씩 파종하여 생산된 1셀을 정식하였다. 차광 정도 실험은 0, 55, 75% 차광막을 이용하였으며, 기비는 싱싱코트를 0, 10, 20알 처리하였고, 추비는 hyponex (N:P:K, 4:6:6)를 0, 1000, $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$의 농도로 엽면시비 하였다. 또한, 관상효과 증가를 위해 왜화제는 diniconazole, daminozide를 농도별(각 0, 1000, $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$)로 처리하였고, 적심은 4주차에 1회 처리 유무의 효과를 비교하였다. 연구의 결과, 둥근산꼬리풀에 기비 10알 처리는 생육에 유의적인 차이는 보이지 않았으나, 20알 처리는 무처리와 10알 처리에 비해 절간장, 경직경이 증가하는 결과가 나타났다. 추비는 절간장을 증가시켰으나, 측지수와 마디수는 유의적으로 감소시켰다. 차광처리별로는 55, 75% 차광 모두 무차광에 비해 측지수, 마디수, 엽수 및 개화율을 크게 감소시키는 결과를 보여, 둥근산꼬리풀는 광이 충분한 곳에서 재배하는 것이 적합한 것으로 생각된다. 왜화제의 처리는 종류와 농도에 관계없이 둥근산꼬리풀은 측지수, 마디수, 엽수를 감소시키는 결과를 보였다. 또한 초장이 짧아지고 경직경은 두꺼워졌으나, 유의적인 차이는 없었다. 종류별로는 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$ 처리는 무처리에 비해 개화율이 증가하여, 둥근산꼬리풀의 분화용 재배시 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$를 처리하는 것이 효과적이다. 적심처리는 무처리에 비해 전반적인 생육 및 개화를 억제하는 결과가 나타났다. 결론적으로 둥근산꼬리풀의 분화용 재배시 광량이 충분한 곳에서 재배하고, 기비와 추비는 절간장을 증가시키며, 측지수, 마디수, 엽수에 큰 차이가 없거나 감소하는 결과를 보여 관상용 재배에 적합하지 않은 것으로 판단된다. 추가적으로 daminozide $2000mg{\cdot}L-1$를 처리하며, 적심처리를 하지 않는 것이 좋을 것으로 생각된다.

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Seedling Emergence of Dry -seeded Rice under Different Sowing Depths and Irrigation Regimes (건답직파에서 파종심도와 관개조건에 따른 벼 품종들의 출아특성)

  • 이변우;명을재
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.1
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    • pp.59-68
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    • 1995
  • Investigated were the relationships between plumule elongation characteristics and seedling emergence of 46 varieties including native, improved and red rice varieties of Korea, and varieties from U.S.A., Italy, India, Japan under 1, 3, and 5cm deep sowing with irrigated and non-irrigated condition. Experiments were carried out in paddy field of sandy loam. There was heavy shower of 19.2mm on the next day of seeding and thereafter, clear and dry weather continued during the experiment period. Soil temperature averaged over 30 days after seeding was $16.4^{\circ}C$ at 3cm depth. Soil hardness increased linearly up to 2.5kg /$cm^2$ on the 14th day after seeding, on which date irrigated plot was irrigated through furrow, and up to 4kg / $cm^2$ on the 28th day in non-irrigated plot. Soil hardness dropped near to 0kg /$cm^2$ after irrigation and developed up to 2.5kg /$cm^2$ again by 28 days after seeding. Seedling emergence was higher in irrigated plots than non-irrigated plots at all seeding depths. Korean improved varieties were substantially lower in seedling emergence under non-irrigated condition of 1 cm deep sowing than those under irrigated condition. This poor seedling emergence resulted mainly from delayed emergence by exposing them to greater soil strength. Percent seedling emergence under irrigated and non-irrigated condition showed signifi-cant correlations at 3 and 5 cm deep sowing. Korean improved varieties belonged to the group of poor seedling emergence, and I taliconaverneco, Chinsura Boro and Weld Pally to best group under both irrigation conditions at 3 and 5cm deep sowing. Seedling emergence showed highly signifi-cant positive correlation with the plumule length of mesocotyl + 1st internode + incomplete leaf and of mesocotyl+coleoptile. Among the characters constituting plumule length, incomplete leaf length showed greatest positive correlation followed by coleoptile and mesocotyl under irrigated condition at 3 and 5 cm deep sowing, and highest correlation with mesocotyllength followed by first internode and incomplete leaf under non-irrigated condition. Days to 50% seedling emergence at 1 cm deep sowing with irrigation showed great varietal variation of 10 to 30 days, and showed high significant negative correlations with percent seedling emergence under both irrigation conditions except for 1 cm deep sowing with irrigation, Days to seedling emergence revealed sig-nificant negative correlations with plumule characters except 2nd internode, showing highest cor-relation with incomplete leaf length.

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Relationships of Physiological Activity and Anatomical Structure to the Wilting Phenomena in Rice Plant 2. Relationships between the anatomical structure and wilting phenomena of rice variety "Yushin" (수도품종의 위조현상과 생리 및 형태해부학적 구조와의 관련성에 관한 연구 제2보 유신벼의 위조현상발생과 형태해부학적 구조와의 관계)

  • Jong-Hoon Lee
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.25 no.2
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    • pp.6-14
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    • 1980
  • One of the physiological disease, sudden wiliting of Yushin variety suggested that low sunlight, excessive nitrogen application, and highly reduced soil condions either singly or combined, might be possible causes of the disorder. Some visual symptom of sudden wilting are discoloration of leaves, development of nodal roots above the soil surface, total root rot, and lodging. Those observations led to the hypothesis that suffocation of root tissues was a direct cause of the wilting. The oxygen transport characteristics of Yushin, IR262 and Tongil were examined by two methods. First, Soil-cultured plants of the three varieties were subjected to paraffin treatment to decrease the oxygen supply from the air to root tissues through the soil-water system, liquid paraffin was applied to the water surface in the pots at panicle formation stage. In this experiment, sudden wilting was observed of Yushin and IR262 at about a week after the treatment, but Tongil remained green and healthy. Wilting-resistant variety Tongil had higher oxygen release, whereas the susceptible Yushin and IR262 had lower oxygen release. Second, the number and size of the air spaces in each internode were investigated in the 5th internode from the top, all three varieties have a similar number of air spaces, although the air spaces of Thongil were larger. In the 4th internode, Tongil had plenty air spaces, Yushin and one of the Yushin's parents IR262 had scanty or none. The observations indicated that the ability of Yushin and IR262 for oxygen transport is very limited compared with that of Tongil. The limited oxygen supply due to poor development of air space in internode of rice plants may cause suffocation of root tissues, weaken metabolic activity of the tissues, and induce root rot, subsequently inducing sudden wilting and lodging under unfavorable weather, soil and cultural conditions.

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Seedling Emergence of Dry-seeded Rice Varieties under Two Soil Moisture Regimes (건답직파에서 토양수분조건에 따른 벼 품종의 출아특성)

  • 이변우;명을재
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.39 no.5
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    • pp.502-511
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    • 1994
  • Investigated were the relationships between plumule elongation characteristics and seedling emergence of 98 varieties including native, improved and red rice varieties of Korea, and varieties from U.S.A., Italy, Japan, etc. under proper and excess soil moisture regimes. Under excess soil moisture condition the seedling emergence and establishment rates were much lower in most of the varieties and the seedling emergence rates were delayed substantially in all varieties employed. The seedling emergence rates were lowest in dwarf and some semi-dwarf varieties showing poor plumule elongation under proper soil moisture condition. The seedling emergence and establishment rates were significantly correlated with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes, and with the lower first and second internode length under excess soil moisture condition. Average emergence duration showed significant negative correlation with the length of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf under both soil moisture regimes and significant positive correlations with the first and third lower internode length. Based on the standardized partial regression analysis only the variations of mesocotyl and coleoptile length contributed significantly to the varietal difference in seedling establishment rate, and so did the variations of mesocotyl and incomplete leaf length to the varietal differences in emergence speed. In conclusion varieties with greater elongation characteristics of mesocotyl, coleoptile and incomplete leaf are desirable for higher and speedy seedling establishment in dry-direct seeding.

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Varietal Difference of Immature Spike Number and Its Relationship with Other Characters in Barley and Wheat (보리ㆍ밀 미열 이삭의 품종간 차이와 주요형질과의 상관)

  • 김흥배
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.40 no.2
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    • pp.245-249
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    • 1995
  • The number of immature spikes of barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) and wheat (Triticum aestivum L) were studied to determine if there could be existed the significant difference among 5 varieties of barley and wheat each. Heritability of 6 characters including the number of immature spikes have also calculated. Correlation between the immature spikes and 5 other characters were also investigated. There were significant difference among 5 varieties of barley and wheat in the number of immature spikes. Heritability estimated were very high in case of number of immature spikes of barley and that of wheat was high. There were highly significant correlation between the number of immature spikes of barley and number of internode and significant correlation between the number of immature spikes and flag leaf. However, in wheat no correlations were found among the 5 characters in wheat and between the number of immature spikes and number of internode were negative.

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Ecological Studies on Rice Sheath Blight Caused by Rhizoctonia solani 1. The Difference of Disease Development Between Jinheung and Yushin (잎집무늬마름병의 생태학적연구 1. 진흥과 유신의 발병차이)

  • Kim Chang Kyu;Kang Chang Sik;Rim Sa Joon;Lee Eun Jong;Lee Kyung Hee
    • Korean journal of applied entomology
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    • v.20 no.2 s.47
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    • pp.71-75
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    • 1981
  • The percentage of lesion height vs. plant height was higher in Yushin than Jinheung within the same nitrogen level. The infection occurred at the same level of waterline and the symptoms developed with the same speed for two varieties, but the damage was greater in Yushin as the symptoms reached faster to the top due to the short length of the 1st and 2nd internodes from the top.

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Optimum Planting Density in Low Fertilizing Culture of Machine Transplanting in Rice (벼 기계이앙 소비재배시 적정 재식밀도 구명)

  • Choi Weon-Young;Moon Sang-Hoon;Park Hong-Kyu;Choi Min-Gyu;Kim Sang-Su;Kim Chung-Kon
    • KOREAN JOURNAL OF CROP SCIENCE
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    • v.51 no.5
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    • pp.379-385
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    • 2006
  • This experiment was carried out to investigate the optimum planting density in low fertilizing cultivation of machine transplanting in rice field of Honam Agricultural Research Institute, NICS for $2004{\sim}2005$. Sobibyeo which belongs to medium maturing variety and Nampyeongbyeo which belongs to medium-late maturing variety were transplanted on May 30. In this experiment, there was no significant difference in heading date between planting density and nitrogen fertilization rate, and heading dates were August 8 in Sobibyeo, and August 14 in Nampyeongbyeo respectively. In relation to lodging character, lodging Index was high where the nitrogen fertilization rate and planting density were high. As planting density increases, panicle number per $m^{2}$ increased irrespective of nitrogen fertilization rate. When nitrogen was 6 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 90 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 80 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. When nitrogen was 9 kg/10a, rice yield of Sobibyeo was more where planting density was 100 hill per $3.3m^{2}$, and that of Nampyeongbyeo was more where planting density was 110 hill per $3.3m^{2}$. Head rice rate of brown rice was higher when planting density increased, and was higher at 6 kg/10a nitrogen rate than 9 kg/10a nitrogen rate in all varieties.

Effects of Low-Level Laser Irradiation on the ALP Activity and Calcified Module Formation of Rat Osteoblastic Cell (저수준레이저(GaAs 반도체)조사가 골모세포의 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성과 석회화결절의 형성에 미치는 영향)

  • Kyung-Hun Lee;Ki-Suk Kim
    • Journal of Oral Medicine and Pain
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    • v.21 no.2
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    • pp.279-291
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    • 1996
  • 저수준레에저요법에 대해서는 지난 10여년간 의학계 및 치과계에서 임상적으로 사용하여 좋은 결과가 있다고 많은 보고가 발표되고 있다. 특히 치근의 골결손에 관한 연구에서는 전기요법, 초음파요법, 전자장요법 등 뿐만아니라 저수준레이저를 사용하여 골절부내 Callus형성이 촉진되었음을 보고하고 새로운 치료법의 하나가 될 수 있음을 제안한 바도 있다. 본 연구에서는 칼륨비소를 다이오드로 사용한 저수준레이저조사가 골결손의 치유에 어떠한 영향을 미치는지 확인하고자 골모세포의 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화와 석회화결절의 형성을 평가함으로 골모세포의 기능을 조사코저하였다. 실험은 첫째, 9개군으로 나누어 레이저 조사기간에 따른 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성화를 조사하였고, 둘째, 이를 근거로 9일간 계속 매일 1회 1.3 J/cm2의 레이저를 조사한 후 펄스의 종류별 차이를 비교하였으며, 세째,레이저펄스별 석회차 결절의 형성 정도를 광학현미경으로 관찰하여 비교분석하였다. 결과, 7일 계속 레이저를 조사한 경우 다른 군에 비해 서서히 ALP의 활성이 증가하였으나 유의한 차이는 없었으며. 따라서 9일동안 레이저를 계속 조사한 경우에는 전체 에너지량이 5.895 J/cm2 인 펄스13과 15가 뚜렷하게 유의한 증가를 보여주었다. 그러나 석회화결절의 형성은 전체 에너지량이 2.546 J/cm2 인 펄스11에서 가장 많았다. 결론적으로 골형성이나 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진하는 데에는 적절한 레이저 조사조건이 필요하나, 알칼리성 인산분해효소의 활성을 촉진한 펄스와 석회화결절의 형성을 촉진하는 펄스가 서로 다르게 나타난 것은 골형성을 촉진하는 여러요인 들이 저수준레이저에 자극받았을 가능성이 높음을 보여준다 이러한 결과들로 보아 저수준레이저는 골모세포의 기능을 자극하여 골결손의 치유를 개선하는 데 도움될 것이라 사료된다.다. 각 백서의 양측 창상중 하나는 1,3,5,7일 마다 각 실험의 방법에 따라 레이저를 조사하고 실험동물의 다른 창상은 대조군으로서 사용하였다. 모든 창상의 면적은 실험 1,3,5,7 일째에 일정한 거리에서 사진촬영하여 면적계를 이용, 측정한 후 통계적인 의의를 조사하였다. 본 연구의 결과는 저수준레이저는 특정 조건하에서 S. aureus의 증식을 촉진하였다. 그러나 S. aureus에 감염된 창상을 저수준레이저로 조사시 치유가 촉진되었다. 중앙 조사법고 주변조사법에 의한 창상치유효과는 통계적인 의의가 보이지 않았다. 따라서 결론적으로 S. aureus 에 감염된 창상에 직접 또는 간접적이든 pulse의 종류에 관계없이 조사하는 경우 치유효과가 나타나는 것은 정사주위 조직의 LLLI 자극효과가 염증의 확산을 억제한다고 말할수 있다.4/1$0^{\circ}C$에서는 Shoa-Nan-Tsan과 Lenkwang이 가장 높았으며 백앙벼는 3 온도 조건 모두에서 활성이 낮았다. 발아소요일수와 amylase 활성과는 유의적인 정의 상관관계를 보였다., 다다조, 미국의 건답직파재배 품종 등이었으며 우리 나라 육성종들은 모두 지중에서 신장이 멈추어 제1본엽이 지중에서 추출하였으며, Scm파종심에서 불완전엽이 지면을 뚫고 나오는 품종은 Chinsura Boro뿐이었고 Nato, Labelle, Weld Pally, Italliconaverneco 등도 지면 가까이 까지 신장하였다. 6. 50% 출아일수는 제2절간장을 제외 한 모든 유아 형질의 신장도와 유의한 부의 상관을 보였는데 가장 높은 상관을 보인 것은 중배축장+제1절간장+불완전옆장이었으며, 다음이 불완전엽장이 었다. 7. 출아율은 중배축장+제1절간장+불완전엽장, 중배축장+초엽 장과 모든 파종심에서 높은 정의 상관을 보여 제1본엽의 추출 위치가 높을수록

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