• The monthly packaging world
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• s.15
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• pp.59-63
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• 1994

카톤팩과 테트라팩 등 종이용기는 특히 액체음료의 위생 보관과 유통의 편리성, 규격의 다양화 등의 이점으로 짧은 역사에도 불구하고 비교적 꾸준한 성장세를 유지해왔다. 그러나 최근 들어 우유제품 위주의 용도 한계와 수입에 의존하고 있는 관련제조기계, 일회용 용기 규제 등으로 종이용기산업이 새로운 전환점에 서있는 것으로 지적되고 있다. 여기서는 카톤팩과 종이팩의 시장 동향 및 업체 현황, 재활용 현황과 향후 전망 등에 대해 살펴본다.

• Nuclear industry
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• v.5 no.10 s.32
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• pp.41-47
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• 1985

1985년 4월 8일, 일본원자력연구소는 JT-60의 first plasma발생에 성공했다. 이 실험에 성공함으로써 과학적실증의 마지막 단계를 마지하게 되었고 동시에 공학적실증을 위한 차기장치의 설계를 추진해야될 시기가 되었음을 뜻한다. 이 전환점에서 과거 핵융합개발에 발자취를 뒤돌아보고 현재 계획이 진행되고 있는 차기장치의 최근 동향을 '85년3월 ANS주최의 제6회 핵융합에너지기술에 관한 toplcal meeting.을 중심으로 정리해 보았다.

• 월간낙농육우
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• v.17 no.10 s.186
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• pp.100-101
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• 1997

새로운 낙진법 - 이는 분명 우리 낙농사에 혁신적인 변화를 가져 올 중대한 전환점이다. 이는 세계화의 물결속에 최소한의 낙농생존을 보증할 것이냐 낙농궤멸을 가속화 할 것이냐를 가름하는 분수령이 될 것이다. 우리 모두의 관심과 지혜를 모아 실행전 남은 짧은기간 착실한 준비를 하여 착오없는 낙진법 시행이 될 수 있도록 기원해야 될 것이다.

• The Magazine for Energy Service Companies
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• s.68
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• pp.66-75
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• 2011

2011년은 국내 ESCO시장의 중요한 전환점이 되는 한해가 될 것으로 보인다. 그동안 대다수의 사업이 성과 배분에 의해 이루어졌다면 2011년부터는 ESCO사업에 M&V내용이 포함되는 만큼 성과보증으로의 전환을 준비해야 할 것이다. 이와 관련한 교육이 협회 주관으로 지난 12월11일~18일까지 6박8일간 싱가포르에서 열렸다. 예상보다 많은 신청자 수에 설렘보다는 걱정이 앞섰던 ESCO M&V 해외교육, 그 후기를 소개한다.

• Proceedings of the Korea Society of Design Studies Conference
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• 1999.10a
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• pp.54-55
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• 1999

뉴 밀레니엄(New Millennium)으로 대변되는 역사의 커다란 전환점에서 과학 기술의 발전은 급속히 변화하고 있다. 이러한 변화와 더불어 전시문화의 영역과 형태, 또한 하루가 다르게 급변하고 있는 오늘날의 현실 속에서 컴퓨터란 매체로 인해 정보 통신과 우편이 놀랄 만큼 발전하여 손으로 적어 보내는 우편은 갈수록 적어지고 있는 경향이다.(중략)

• The Korean Journal of Financial Management
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.1-28
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• 2000

본 연구에서는 경영자 소유지분과 자본적 투자지출의 관계를 이론과 실증분석의 양 차원에서 분석하였다. 우선 이론적인 분석에서는 경영자가 기업가치 극대화뿐만 아니라 규모극대화를 동시에 추구할 때, 기업의 자발적 투자지출은 경영자 소유지분의 함수라는 점을 보였다. 특히 2차효용함수의 가정하에서 자본적 투자지출과 경영자 소유지분의 관계는 경영자의 소유지분과 위험회피도, 확실성 등가에 의한 프로젝트의 순기대현금 흐름 수준에 따라 달라지는 것으로 나타났다. 또한 자본적 투자지출은 경영자의 효용함수 행태에 따라 경영자 소유지분이 낮은 수준에서는 소유지분의 감소함수이나 높은 수준에서는 증가함수로 반전되는 구조적인 전환점이 존재한다는 점을 밝혔다. 한편 90-95년 중 우리나라 상장 제조업의 자료를 바탕으로 규모극대화 기업과 규모비극대화 기업에 대하여 경영자 소유지분과 자본적 투자지출의 관계를 비교한 결과, 규모극대화 기업에서 경영자 지분이 약 30%인 구조적인 전환점을 중심으로 그 이전에서는 경영자 지분의 증가에 따라 자본적 투자지출이 감소하나 그 이후에는 증가함수로 단전되는 것으로 나타나 이론의 내용을 지지하였다. 그러므로 본 연구의 결과는 기존의 연구에서와는 달리 안주가설(entrenchment hypothesis)에 의하지 않더라도 경영자의 효용함수의 행태에 따라 일정한 경영자 소유지분 이상에서는 가치비극대화 행위가 지배할 있다는 점을 보여주고 있다.

• Journal of Korean Society of Coastal and Ocean Engineers
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.206-216
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• 2017

The temporal distribution of the turbulence kinetic energy (TKE) and the vertical component of Reynolds stresses ($-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$) was measured during one wave period under high wave energy conditions. The wave data were obtained at Hujeong Beach in the east coast of Korea at January 14~18 of 2017 when an extratropical cyclone was developed in the East Sea. Among the whole thousands of waves measured during the period, hundreds of regular waves that had with similar pattern were selected for the analysis in order to give three representing mean wave patterns using the ensemble average technique. The turbulence properties were then estimated based on the selected wave data. It is interesting to find out that $-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$ has one clear peak near the time of flow reversal while TKE has two peaks at the corresponding times of maximum cross-shore velocity magnitudes. The distinguished pattern of Reynolds stress indicates that vertical fluxes of such properties as suspended sediments may be enhanced at the time when the horizontal flow direction is reversed to disturb the flows, supporting the turbulence convection process proposed by Nielsen (1992). The characteristic patterns of turbulence properties are examined using the CADMAS-SURF Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) model. Although the model can reasonably simulate the distribution of TKE pattern, it fails to produce the $-{\bar{u^{\prime}w^{\prime}}}$ peak at the time of flow reversal, which indicates that the application of RANS model is limited in the prediction of some turbulence properties such as Reynolds stresses.

• Environmental and Resource Economics Review
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• v.23 no.3
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• pp.515-551
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• 2014

Recently, there has been a debate as to whether bioethanol should replace some portion of gasoline for fuels in South Korea, as energy security as well as climate change issues are rising as a significant national agenda. However, a considerable amount of subsidy will be required to compensate for the higher price of bioethanol-blended gasoline. In this context, government subsidy will obtain justification only when the positive social gains from consuming bioethanol for fuels can exceed the negative social costs. Through a nation-wide choice experimental survey, we examine if South Koreans have a positive value as well as non-linear preferences on substituting bioethanol for gasoline. The results reveal that the willingness to pay for purely domestic bioethanol-blended gasoline within 10% is about 52 KRW; Koreans have concave preferences on the blending ratio of bioethanol to gasoline. The turning point of the blending ratio of bioethanol was 6.5%. Also, we found inverse U-shaped curve between income and bioethanol choice probability and the turning point of the income was calculated as 250~299million KRW. Politically conservative propensity advocates uses of bioethanol blended gasoline, but awareness on bioethanol or more weights on environmental conservation have significantly negative effects on the choice of bioethanol. However, the design of the survey questionnaire is incompatible with the RFS of Korea and assumes orthogonality among the following four interrelated attributes: (i) domestic or offshore procurement of feedstocks in the case of domestic production, (ii) domestic production or import of bioethanol, (iii) the blending ratios, and (iv) the retail price increases. In addition, the results of model estimation and of model selection test are not definite. Hence, the results in this study should not be directly applied to the design of the specifics of the Korean RFS. Hence, the results in this study require cautions in applying to the design of the Korean RFS policy.

• 한국노년학
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• v.39 no.2
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• pp.325-345
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is a exploratory study for understanding the process of the social isolation of the socially isolated elderly through the approach to their life history. The research was analyzed by one of the methods of qualitative research on life history, the conceptual framework of 'Dimensions, turning, and adaptation' of Mandelbaum(1973). According to the results of this study, the socially isolated elderly people were found to be socially isolated by experiencing complex difficulties such as family disconnection, poverty, poor job and health deterioration. Specifically, in the area of life, there was experience of poor relationship with parent, absence of family, poverty of family and unfavorable relationship with surrounding people in life with original family before isolation. They had bad jobs in the labor market, such as hard labor, delivery, business, and chores. In the area of turning point, we experienced family break due to the separation of the original family and the spouse due to various reasons such as financial crisis, parental divorce and death, spouse affair, economic difficulty. In a transitional stage in the life, many reasons such as the financial crisis, the death of parents, the extramarital affair and economic difficulties led to the disconnection from their original family and their spouses. In an adaptive phase, participants accepted the changed life at each turning point in their lives, carrying out their roles, compromising and trying to adapt properly. He said that their current life, which has entered the social safety net system of the people's basic recipients, has led him to live a more stable life and is adapting to personal hobbies and vicarious satisfaction through networks. This result is somewhat different from previous studies in which isolated elderly people were severely exposed to the risk of depression and loneliness. However, we should also consider the characteristics of this study that interviewed elderly people with relatively low isolation. Based on the results of this research, he presented various practical policy implications.

• Proceedings of the IEEK Conference
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• 2003.07d
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• pp.1507-1510
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• 2003

We propose UPGMA(Unweighted Pair Group Method using Average distance) as hierarchical clustering to detect abrupt shot changes using multiple features such as pixel-by-pixel difference, global and local histogram difference. Conventional $\kappa$-means algorithm which is a method of the partitional clustering, has to select an efficient initial cluster center adaptively UPGMA that we propose, does not need initial cluster center because of agglomerative algorithm that it starts from each sample for clusters. And UPGMA results in stable performance. Experiment results show that the proposed algorithm works not only well but also stably.