• The Korean Journal of Rehabilitation Nursing
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.232-239
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• 2001

이 논문의 목적은 재활기능을 측정하는 FIM 도구(영문)를 한국어로 번역하고 한국 한국문화에 적합한지를 문화적 타당도를 검증하기 위함이다. 이를 위해 FIM 도구를 소개하고 타당도 검증을 위해 Flaherty et al.(1988) 등이 소개한 횡문화적 일치성 검증을 위한 5가지 단계 중 2가지 단계 즉 전문가 집단의 내용타당도 검증과 역번역 절차를 사용하였다. 연구 결과 FIM 도구는 사회 심리적 도구가 아닌 재활환자의 기능을 측정하기 위해 사용된 도구여서 여기에 사용된 용어나 문장들은 비교적 간결하고 번역에 혼동을 초래할 수 있는 형용사나 은유법은 거의 사용되지 않아서 의미는 일치한 수준으로 나타났다. 그러나 47쪽에 해당되는 방대한 도구를 번역함에 있어 연구자가 5문장을 해석하지 않은 것이 나타나 재해석을 하였고, 의미를 더 정확하게 전하게 하기 위해 '사고 없음'의 문장을 '옷이나 침요에 실금하여 적시는 사고가 없음'으로 풀어서 설명하였고, '배뇨 사고 없음' 혹은 '배변 사고 없음'으로 번역하였다. 생활양식의 차이로 인해 크게 2가지 차이가 나타나 한국에서 이 도구를 사용하고자 할 때는 신뢰도 검증은 물론 다소의 변형이 불가피 한 것으로 나타났다. 2가지의 생활양식의 차이는 식습관의 차이와 온돌과 침대 문화의 차이였다. 첫째, 한국에서는 식사시에 포크 대신 젓가락을 사용한다. 그러나 손을 잘 사용하지 못하는 장애인의 경우 젓가락 대신 포크를 사용하게 되므로 이 때 포크 사용은 보조기로 고려되어서 측정 점수는 7점이 아닌 6점으로 측정되어야 할 것을 제안한다. 둘째, 한국 사람들은 온돌문화를 갖고 있어 전통 양식의 가옥에 거주하는 장애인의 경우 개조된 가옥에서는 휠체어를 사용 할 수 있지만 그렇지 않은 경우 휠체어 없이 앉아서 침대나 욕실 및 변기로 이동이 가능하다. 이런 경우 앉아서 이동할 수있는 환자들의 기능 정도를 정밀하게 검토하여 측정 가능한 점수로 환원해서 사용할 것을 제안한다.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.2 no.3
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• pp.37-47
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• 2000

This study purposes to analyze the rural traditional houses which upper-class in Chosun Dynasty Investigation of arrangements and compositions based on theory of Yangtaeknon. 1) Feng-shui Theory : About people who have taker profits by the ground. 2) Eumtaeknon : Locating graveyards brings to the descendants profits. 3) Yangtaeknon : The descendants will have taken profits by arrangement forms of the house. This study has analyzed the traditional house by two methods. First method is study on arrangement forms, second is analysis based on the theory of Yangtaeknon.

• Korean Journal of Heritage: History & Science
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• v.42 no.4
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• pp.74-95
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• 2009

Folk villages have higher historic and cultural values than other villages and contain considerably many traditional elements today. In Korea, there are seven folk villages that are under the protection of the Cultural Properties Protection Act. Unlike other kinds of tangible cultural assets individually appointed according to the act, those folk villages are protected by the act in entirety including the houses and auxiliary structures inhabited and used by the villagers. Since the act covers the entire villages, the residents are not allowed to repair or renovate their structures and accordingly suffer from huge limitations in everyday life with housing life under the biggest restrictions. Being appointed as a folk village is positive from the perspective of preserving the village. However, it is negative to the villagers because of the limitations to their housing lives. While common people lead a convenient life by the introduction of high technologies in modern society, they do not get to benefit from such technologies for the cause of preserving the traditional culture. Upon the appointment, they are subject to all sorts of building regulations and under huge direct and indirect influences of those regulations across many different aspects of life including housing life. Thus the residents of folk villages do have many complaints about the act. It is only natural that there occur conflicts between the state, which tries to preserve the traditional culture according to the act, and the residents, who pursue convenience in life. At the same time, it is natural too that the residents have the desire to pursue convenience in daily life. Thus they renovate their houses illegally. The government agencies are aware of that, however, it is not right for them to enforce the act and restrict their daily lives. Their tacit approval of such illegal renovations is the product of compromises between the residents' right to their private property and the state's policies of cultural asset protection. The residents try to renovate their houses within the limit that will not call for legal restrictions from the government agencies. The government allows for renovations as long as they are within the minimum limit. It is the result of efforts for the state and the residents to stitch up and compromise their own complaints.

• Journal of the Earthquake Engineering Society of Korea
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• v.1 no.4
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• pp.21-28
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• 1997

The aseismic capacity of a traditional three-bay-straw-roof wooden house for soft soil site condition is quantitatively estimated. One 1/4 scale model was tested for the Imperial Valley Earthquake up to failure. The natural frequency of the wooden house measured in elastic range is 1.66 Hz and 1.76 Hz in the longitudinal and transversal direction, respectively. Damping ratio of the house measured in elastic range is 7%. The peak horizontal acceleration response of the house was reduced compared with input motion due to the nonlinear inelastic characteristics of the wooden frame. The horizontal displacement response was significantly increased as the level of input motion was increased. The model was collapsed at 0.25g due to the low frequency contents of the input motion. The results of nonlinear seismic analysis were compared with the test results.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Traditional Landscape Architecture
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• v.38 no.2
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• pp.60-76
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• 2020

The purpose of this study was to examine the spatial and visual arrangement characteristics of Imsil Yi Ung-jae's old house's spatial and visual aspects in order to discover the value of landscape and traditional house garden. The results of this study are as follows. Dongchon-village in Dundeok-ri, where old house is located, is a typical form of with "Back to the mountain and facing the water(背山臨水)", and is located in the north of the three streams of water, forming a Jeonchaghugwan(前窄後寬). Dongchon Village, which has a traditional scenic spot between Danguidae(丹丘臺) and Samgyeseokmun(三溪石門), is understood to be the main street of Nojeokbong Peak and Gyegwanbong Peak, which is Ansan(案山), where the "A centipede flying in the sky(飛天蜈蚣形)". Yi Ung-jae's old house is the oldest existing high-priced house in the North Jeolla region and the closing price of a royal family of the Joseon Dynasty, which was arranged by Chunseongjeong(春城正), Yi Dam-son(李聃孫) in the mid-16C. The Japanese Invasion of Korea in 1592 and Japanese colonial era, the loyalty of the gate quarters, the filial piety of the gate quarters, and the faithfulness of the tablet(扁額) and Juryeons(柱聯) are enough to contribute to the rise of the value of a physical house. The men's quarters(Sarangchae), which are placed on a high-pocket or a layout without going against the sloping terrain, have the effect of making the distance as far as possible, enhancing its dignity and hierarchy as a royal building. In addition, the entrance to the main quarters(Anchae) through the four pillar gates(四柱門), the extensive support and the appropriation of the Chaewon(vegetable garden), and the official base for the Anchae are very unique compared to the general nobility. However, in the context of the postwar relationship, the shrine seeks to realize Confucian ideals while harmonizing with nature by arranging wide sponsorships around it. On the other hand, it is confirmed that there was a pond in the form of a circle in a square(方池圓島型) with a relatively large area, which is now disturbed and damaged. Written by the high priced planting species are sponsored pine trees, hackberry, persimmon trees, Japanese apricot flower, Ohmomiji, and plum tree in the side garden, as well as cotyledon trees in the outside garden. However, although flower bed(花階), which is built on the stone axis, is a place that clearly shows the expensive garden, it seems to have lost the texture of the plant due to the extremely high variety of species and the splendor that does not match the plant landscape of the flower world. Yi Ung-jae's old house is highly valuable as it is a portrait house of a prince of the blood in the mid-Joseon Dynasty. Based on these findings, this study proposed a plan to improve the management of high prices that could be met.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Landscape Architecture
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• v.45 no.5
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• pp.87-96
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• 2017

This study focuses on the Andong Hahoe Village and seeks to identify the shape of the walls since the 1970s. The change of walls can be divided into four periods based on characteristics of materials, shape and distribution. The following is a summary of the results: First, In the 1970s, when Andong Hahoe Village was not designated as a cultural heritage, roof tiles hung on the earthen walls in the middle of the village were major forms. On the outside of the village, rice straw and pine needles were put on the earthen walls or bush clover walls were put in place around if walls were not built. Second, after being designated as a cultural heritage in the 1980s, readjustments for cultural heritages were carried out at the primary stage. However, the distribution of cultural heritages and major changes were not determined at this time since readjustments were mainly focused on the renovation of derelict houses or maintenance of infrastructures. Third, in the past the use of stone bricks for the Hahoe Village site had been difficult, but in the 1990s, replacements with soil-stone walls were identified and the usage of roof tiles increased. The portion of earthen walls, which used to be the major form in the prior era, decreased and this seems to have continued until the 2000s. Fourth, via a field survey, it was found that most of Hahoe village walls consisted of soil cement bricks mixed with cement, steel, lime, gravel. etc. Also, the scope of straw-stricken walls and bush clover walls were reduced to a section of area outside of the village. Fifth, from the 1970s to the present, there were changes to the walls in Hahoe Village including an increase in usages of new materials and an expansion of houses with tiled roofs on top in accordance with the replacement of walls of existing houses. Relevant reasons for this have been identified, such as the fading value of Fungsui(風水) and lack of original records, insufficient awareness and expertise in non-building areas, and the relationship between residents on repairing the wall.

• Journal of Forest and Environmental Science
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• v.20 no.1
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• pp.28-39
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• 2004

This study was carried out to find new perspective of forest recreation program in Gangwon-do. Gangwon-do has now 19 forest recreation sites (national forest 11, public forest 4, private forest 4) where forest interpretation, mountain bike, mountain marathon, mountain ski, forest music concert, various forest class are held. In order to develop the new programs for forest recreation program in Gangwon-do, this study considered culture program, welfare program and education program. For culture program, the experience program in traditional house, the experience in the back region and the experience in special product of mountain village were suggested. For welfare programs, the welfare programs for the old and the handicapped were shown. For education program, forest global village program and personality program were devised. According to introduction of 5 day-work per week, the population for recreation are expected to strongly increase, so Gangwon-do representing the image of tour province should improve continuous concern and various developing programs for forest recreation.

• Journal of the Korea Furniture Society
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• v.21 no.6
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• pp.499-504
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• 2010

Korean traditional buildings, Hanok, are mostly constructed with dimension lumbers and roundwoods. They are hardly kiln-dried without severe defects, thus usually air-dried from some months to an year. Dimension lumbers and roundwoods were heat-treated above $170^{\circ}C$ and drying defects were examined. Temperature rising curves of all dimension timbers used for this study show one or two deflection points. The time when the temperature at 37.5mm depth reached at $100^{\circ}C$ for spruce dimension heat-treated at $170^{\circ}C$ was twice longer than that heat-treated at $190^{\circ}C$. There were many internal checks in roundwoods of $148mm{\Phi}$, while surface checks were apparently closed at the end of heat treatment. The drying time of $300{\times}300mm$ dimensions with 65mm hole was shorter than that without hole by half.

• Journal of the Korean Institute of Rural Architecture
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• v.12 no.2
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• pp.67-76
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• 2010

This study examined and analyzed uses, transformations, changes of plane and arrangement, and changes of space structure of housing components with traditional folk houses located at Kyideok village, Hanrim-eup, Jeju, and the results of the study can be summarized as follows. First, the exposure of arrangement of folk houses at Kyideok village, Jeju was evenly distributed to the east, the southeast, the northeast and the west in order and it was little different from the use of sunshine conditions by placing the main room on the south in traditional houses of land areas. Second, the space structure of inner room before transformation was divided into seven types. 3-room type was classified into "Sangbang-centered three-room type" and "nanggan-centered three-room type", 4-room type into "four-room type with inner access to warehouse", "four-room type with outer access to warehouse", "kitchen-divided four-room type", "four-room type with two kitchens", "four- room type with nanggan at the right back". Third, according to types of change in arrangement type, the first is new annex addition to existing inner room, the second is the removal of existing annexes including outer room, the third is the extension of inner room size without new construction of annex, the fourth is new construction of annex with new plane form after removal of existing annex, the fifth is no change in arrangement of inner room, outer room, stable, warehouse, etc. Fourth, transformation of space components led to changes of space structure as well as those of plane form. Changes of space structure were divided into reduction type of circulation to specific factors, negligence type without using increased space factor, and addition type having various circulations through the increase of convenience space.

• Proceedings of the Korea Concrete Institute Conference
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• 2008.04a
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• pp.233-236
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• 2008

In the traditional way floors has been constructed there are no shear connectors between the concrete slab and timber joists. In this study, an existing floor system os improved by simply providing normal bolts or lag screw so that the composite action can be achieved. It is evident that the key elements in the composite beam are the shear connectors. The selection of these connectors was based on their shear capacity. The experimental study carried out in this research investigated the flexural behavior of composite beams. The experimental studies of composite beams showed that the ultimated load capacity of the proposed composite beam(LS-S10 specimen) is 1.29 times as high as the noncomposite one. Finally, it can be concluded that LS-S10 specimen consisting structural laminated timber beam and concrete slab can be significantly improved by providing appropriate shear connectors.