• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.14 no.5
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• pp.132-143
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• 2014

This study discusses factors that affect on female workers' stress from nurturing. Referring to the first research (2008) and the second research (2009) of KLoWF, the study analyzed the data of 218 female workers with one or more preschool children. The results from the analysis are as the following. First, the female workers who acknowledge her image as a traditional woman are more likely to be exposed to greater stress. Therefore, now working mothers need to free themselves from the traditional idea. Second, since it was clearly observed that husbands' who share family responsibilities has a significant impact on women's stress from nurturing, a new focus should be on the effectiveness of husband's sharing of family responsibilities, whereas it has been mainly focused on education of working mothers. Third, considering the result that nurturing expense variable showed a significant statistics, there is a desperate need of a political task to support nurturing expenses.

• Journal of Practical Engineering Education
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• v.15 no.2
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• pp.409-417
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• 2023

The objective of this paper is to analyze the disparities in perceptions regarding gender-related matters among students at K University, determined by their gender, and to propose solutions within the university education system. The results of the study are as follows. First, many men believe that there is no structural discrimination against women and that men are discriminated against, whereas women show the opposite. Second, men and women show statistically significant differences in perception of women's level of effort, reasons for low income, and work ability after employment. Third, men show unfavorable attitudes towards feminism compared to women. Fourth, the reasons men show hostile attitudes toward the female quota system and feminism include the influence of the traditional gender role model imposed on men and the difference in men's and women's views on structural inequality. To reduce the perception gap between men and women, it is necessary to reconsider hegemonic masculinity, apply issue-centered education using accurate information, publicize issues by preparing a mistake-friendly space, and respond to the perception gap at the university level from the perspective of citizenship education.

• Journal of Christian Education in Korea
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• v.63
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• pp.317-345
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• 2020

The dissolution and reconstruction of the male-centered social structure is being requested, but the Korean church still call on women and understand women's roles by limiting them based on traditional 'normal family ideology' and matherhood discourse. However, considering women's various aspects of life, life cycle, and individuality, confining women to existing biological maternal discourse is not suitable to help women grow as subjective leaders and contribute to society. The Korean church needs to find a new curriculum that encourages women to form subjective beliefs. In the life of Christian women of the period of port-opening, we can examine the process of the Korean Christian women establishing the subjectivity of the challenges of Protestant theology, which included stereotypes, gender division of labor, and matherhood discourse. Korean Christian women shared the oppressive experiences of traditional patriarchy after passing silent and receptive perceptions, forming a subjective perception of their injustice and seeking liberation. And it was able to act as a subject of faith by forming a procedural and constructive awareness within a sympathetic and relational community. The Korean church should reconstruct the Christian women's curriculum by reflecting on the curriculum that women formed themselves over 100 years ago.

• Asia-Pacific Journal of Business Venturing and Entrepreneurship
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• v.4 no.2
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• pp.1-19
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• 2009

American Psychiatric Association defined hwa-byung as a unique mental illness of Korea, a kind of anger syndrome. This illness caused by the Korean culture is more often found on women than men, especially middle-aged women. The cause of hwa-byung mainly depends on the traditional family structure of Korea formed by Confucianism. Other causes that many middle-aged women suffer from hwa-byung are that their low education level originated in their wrong-recognized position in society and poverty in the past makes them not to be able to control their minds effectively(social psychological factor), and that they get stressed and depressed because of loss of their position in the family after their children leave home and the menopause which hurts their feminine beauty (physiological factor). So, this program aims at letting them to; 1) experience catharsis of the negative feelings which causes hwa-byung by expressing in psychodrama, 2) ease the symptoms of hwa-byung by relaxing their mind, 3) understand themselves through sharing their feelings and thinking at the group level, 4) acquire the opportunities to stabilize and expand their role in their real lives through the role playing.

• Korean Journal of Family Social Work
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• no.62
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• pp.71-102
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• 2018

The purpose of this study is to enrich our understanding of the family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and the elderly women by examining the experience of grandmothers who refused to support raising their grandchildren. The researcher focused on grandmothers who have been in charge of caring the family in the main and tried to explore the reasons for their decision not to take care of their grandchildren. For the purpose, Research participants were seven elderly women who have refused raising of their grand-children. Data were collected by in-depth interview and analyzed based on the phenomenological method. As results, it turned out that the elderly women refused caring of their grandchildren due to the burden of parenting and the rejection of an extended mother role, and the fear of family conflicts, but they felt sorry about their refusal of a request for caring support from their adult children. Second. these decisions caused various dynamics of the family members, and they were experiencing psychological difficulties. Third, elderly women perceived raising of grandchildren as a task of adult children or a problem for which the society should be accountable, and felt that the family and the society have shifted the responsibility to them. This research result confirms that a new generation of the elderly women have emerged who have different viewpoints on caregiving. It also presents a necessity to reflect the viewpoints of elderly who are mainly concerned when establishing a policy of caregiving. Based on this finding, this study also presents implications regarding support for family utilizing childcare by grandmothers and support for the elderly women.

• The Korean Journal of Woman Psychology
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• v.16 no.4
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• pp.477-498
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• 2011

The purpose of the study was to find out the effects of women's gender role attitudes on depression. We also studied self-esteem and family life satisfaction as mediating factors on depression. The data was from the National Welfare Panel Study of 2009 and the analyses were conducted on 3,791 women and 3,467 men aged from 20 to 59. Independent samples t-test and stepwise multiple regression analyses show significant gender differences on depression and gender role attitudes. Women score higher than men in depression and gender role attitudes. Those who have higher traditional gender role attitudes manifest higher score on depression. We also found out that self-esteem and family life satisfaction are the mediating factors for women's depression. As a result, gender role attitudes demonstrate direct and indirect effects on depression through mediation of self-esteem and family life satisfaction. Clinical implications are discussed to consider women's gender role attitudes, their self-esteem and family life satisfaction while consulting with depressed women.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.16 no.8
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• pp.493-507
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• 2016

This study aims to examine the representations of elders in reality shows focusing on gender disparity by employing a textual analysis and audience interviews. According to findings, as for elderly men, various images are presented while as for elderly women, traditional gender images are mainly reproduced. In the audience reception, the audiences' understanding of genres and their preexisting gender perceptions have important roles on their interpretations in the ways of producing gender discriminated meanings.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.19 no.5
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• pp.407-414
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• 2021

This study will examine the relationship between women and art education between the 1910s and the 1930s, and how women broke down the feudalistic views on women by changing the perceptions of women and stepped into society through gendered art education. Women tried to restore dignity and realize freedom and equality between men and women through modern education. Nevertheless, women had to receive handicraft education for the cultivation of virtues as part of the Japanese colonial policy and returned to their traditional feminine role. However, this study aims to reveal how a small number of "new women" who studied in Japan took the lead in teaching handicrafts for the independence of women, and how they were officially recognized as in the arts and crafts community and was able to enter the exhibition space through records, interviews, and newspaper articles. In conclusion, this study hopes to provide an opportunity to examine the relationship between handicraft education and femininity, and to consider the role of art education and exhibition in the development of women into social beings.

• 지역과문화
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• v.6 no.3
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• pp.29-53
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• 2019

Korean traditional women artists are placed in dual suffering from unequal rights in terms of gender and misrecognition endowed by historical legacy. There has been no clear cut definition but interchangeable adoption of various terms such as Yeo-ak, Yeo-gi, and Gisaeng even in the study of music theory and history itself. Study on female musician has been mostly performed on the basis of music theory and history so that one sided discourse on female traditional artist has survived and aggravated its connotation during the colonial ages and modernization. Envisioning traditional female artist as instrumentalizing their body and status as artist resulted in crucifying victims of sexual harassment is one recent example. This study is an attempt to collect knowledge on the various layers of discourse about the status and role of female traditional artist. This is a first stage of analysis covering the period Joseon dynasty where original and official records regarding female traditional artists remains until today. The findings are that policy discourse are to be classified as politico-ideological layer, music theoretical layer, and socio-political layer. It is to be clarified in the future which layer has the most sustaining influence to the present and why.

• (The)Study of the Eastern Classic
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• no.56
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• pp.267-295
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• 2014

The purpose of this paper was to introduce the material status of women's epistolary literature published in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s and analyze gender consciousness shown in them. To this end, five kinds of representative modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese in 1920~30s were selected and 55 women's letters published in them were summarized. Through this, it was pointed out that the subjects of women's epistolary literature are mainly 'males' of families and the form of 'reply.' This implies that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese recognized women's Chinese letters as a secondary means to prepare for inevitable communication with men rather than the leading medium of communication. The first aspect of gender consciousness shown in women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is to reaffirm the traditional gender order by calling and resetting women as the position and role in the family. The second aspect of gender consciousness is that female education materials which seemed to reflect the modern gender order are actually mentioned under the very skeptical view. The third characteristic aspect of gender consciousness is that the motif of 'discipline about economic activity' is only noticeable in women's epistolary published in modern study materials for writing letters. This setting was regarded as a means that the authors of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese transferred the responsibilities of maintaining livelihood and managing household to women. Women's epistolary in modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese is the material which is noticeable in terms of showing the possibility of female Chinese Writing in modern times but according to the analysis of this paper, it is the text showing female form and women's writing judged within thoroughly male-centered imagination. That is, women's epistle text has a significance that allows us to read conservative reentry of modern study materials for writing letters in Chinese more clearly.