• Science of Emotion and Sensibility
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• v.6 no.4
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• pp.41-49
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• 2003

To inspect how the different sensitivities in BAS(or BIS) modulate on the HRV pattern stimulated by positive or negative affective sound, we measured the electrocardiogram(ECG) of 25 students(male : 14), consisted of 4 groups depending on the BAS(or BIS) sensitivity, during listening meditation music or being exposed to noise. The power spectral density(PSD) of HRV was derived from the ECG, and the power of HRV was calculated for 3 major frequency ranges(low frequency[LF], medium frequency[MF], and high frequency[HF]). We found that the index of MF/(LF+HF), during listening music, was higher significantly in the individuals with a low BIS but high BAS than in the individuals with a low sensitivity in both BIS and BAS. Especially in the former group, there was a tendency that the index was higher during listening music than during being exposed to noise. For individuals with a high BIS, regardless of the BAS sensitivity, the difference of this index values was not significant. From these results we suggest that individuals with a low BIS but high BAS are more sensitive to positive affective stimuli than other groups, and the index of MF/(LF+HF) is applicable to evaluate positive and negative affects.

• Journal of the East Asian Society of Dietary Life
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.667-671
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• 2015

This study investigated the antioxidant capacities and inhibitory activity of peeled lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera) as a food material on angiotension-converting enzyme (ACE). The antioxidant effects on total polyphenol and total flavonoid contents were not signicant. However, DPPH radical scavenging activity decreased from 85.07% to 80.70% by peeled treatment. SOD-like activity decreased from 20.84% to 17.97%, and ACE inhibitory activity decreased from 53.4% to 50.1% by peeled treatement. Thus, consumption of non-peeled lotus root should increase.

• Korean Journal of Materials Research
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• v.8 no.5
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• pp.408-412
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• 1998

Thermoelectric properties of Bi$_{2}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{ x}$)$_{3}$(0.05$\leq$x$\leq$0.25) prepared by mechanical alloying and hot pressing, were investigated. Contrary to the p-type behavior of single crystals, the hot-pressed Bi$_{2}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{ x}$)$_{3}$ exhibited ntype conduction without addition of donor dopant. When $Bi_2(Te_{0.85}Se_{0.15})_3$powders were annealed in (50% $H_2$ + 50% Ar) atmosphere, the hot-pressed specimen exhibited a positive Seebeck coefficient due to the reduction of the electron concentration by removal of the oxide layer on the powder surface and annealing-out of the excess Te vacancies. Among the Bi$_{2}$(Te$_{1-x}$Se$_{ x}$)$_{3}$fabricated by mechanical alloying and hot pressing, $Bi_2(Te_{0.85}Se_{0.15})_3$ exhibited a maximum figure-of-merit of 1.92 $\times$ $lO^{-3}$/K.

• Korean Journal of Optics and Photonics
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• v.24 no.5
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• pp.231-236
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• 2013

We investigated the optical design of a smart headlamp capable of producing various beam patterns through only on/off modulation of light sources. This was implemented by forming a continuous matrix of beams from discontinuous beam patterns by means of a multi-array LED optical system. As one such optical system, the multi-array LED system is a convenient and economical device for implementing beam patterns with the simple on/off modulation of the light sources. A single optical assembly module can be made by combining a multiple-LED array, optical system module, and electronic control with no need for any additional mechanical components. The present optical system was designed to include a secondary lens and a projection lens mounted at the front of each LED in the array to realize accurate lighting patterns as well as the required luminosity at a distance of 25 m in the forward direction. Finally, we identified and analyzed the patterns implemented by the designed optical system that produced satisfactory performance of high beams and adaptive driving beams (ADB).

• Korean Journal of Food Science and Technology
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• v.33 no.5
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• pp.611-618
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• 2001

The ethanol extract of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed strong growth inhibition against 5 strains of Listeria monocytogenes at the concentrations of $100{\sim}500$ ppm and the minimum inhibitory concentration of n-hexane fraction was under 50 ppm. The D8-2-5 fraction isolated from n-hexane fraction of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed a strong bactericidal activity on 5 strains of L. monocytogenes at 20 ppm level in tryptic soy broth medium. At the level, the viable count was reduced $4{\sim}6$ log cycle compared to initial cell number. Observation by the measurement of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) contents and transmission electron microscope showed that disruptions of the cell wall and elution of intracellular ATP are assumed to be due to the bactericidal activity. In addition, the n-hexane fraction of Dryopteris crassirhizoma Nakai showed the strong growth inhibitions at 50 ppm on Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Bacillus cereus, and at 25 ppm on Staphylococcus aureus.

• Food Science and Preservation
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• v.25 no.1
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• pp.155-163
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• 2018

The present study was carried out to investigate the physicochemical properties of hot water extracts of red ginseng powder prepared by two-stage hot air drying method using steamed ginseng and steaming liquid for 2.5 h under high-temperature and high-pressure autoclave condition. The total polyphenols, total flavonoids, total sugar, acid polysaccharides and crude saponin in hot water extracts from red ginseng powder were analyzed and determined, and the flavor components of ginseng were measured using color difference meter and an electronic tongue. The total polyphenol, total flavonoid, total polysaccharide, and acid polysaccharide of the red ginseng hot water extract obtained by autoclaving (ARG) were 9.06 mg GAE/g, 3.38 mg NE/g, 35.22 g/100 g, and 10.90 g/100 g, respectively. The final contents of the total polyphenols, total flavonoids, crude saponin were higher than those determined using other red ginseng methods; the time required for steamed red ginseng production reduced. The total ginsenoside content of ginseng including Rb1 was 10.69 mg/g, which is the lowest ARG. The processing conditions affected the conversion to ginsenosides unique to red ginseng. Red ginseng and steaming liquid obtained from the autoclave are expected to be in need for non-food materials and products as well as foods by improving the flavor components through conversion of red ginseng components into low molecular weight.

• Journal of Industrial Convergence
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• v.20 no.10
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• pp.51-59
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• 2022

This study aims to investigate the changes in health status of inpatients before and after a fall accident, and it is a retrospective study using data from 328 inpatients who fell from January 1, 2016 to December 31, 2020, reported to the patient safety reporting system. The average age of the study subjects was 68.57(±14.13), and those in their 70s accounted for the most at 30.49%. Falls occurred on average 13.86(±25.03) days after hospitalization, and the time when the most falls occurred was between 22:30 and 06:59 with 42.99%. Before and after a fall during hospitalization, bowel problems (x²=314.0, p<.001), urination problems (x²=284.0, p<.001), intravenous fluid therapy (x²=85.16, p<.001), and walking (x²=69.77. p<.001), bedridden state (x²=51.60, p< .001), mental state and performance (x²=17.52, p<.001) patient's attitude (x²=220.17, p<.001), there was a statistically significant difference. It is necessary to develop an appropriate method and education program for fall prevention in hospital by considering the individual characteristics of inpatient.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Radiology
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• v.18 no.2
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• pp.65-71
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• 2024

To achieve high resolution and sensitivity of positron emission tomography (PET) for small animals, the detector is constructed using very thin and long scintillation pixels. Due to the structure of these scintillation pixels, spatial resolution deterioration occurs outside the system's field of view. To solve this problem, we designed a detector that could improve spatial resolution by measuring the interaction depth and improve sensitivity by using a quasi-block scintillator. A quasi-block scintillator size of 12.6 mm x 12.6 mm x 3 mm was arranged in four layers, and optical sensors were placed on all sides to collect light generated by the interaction between gamma rays and the scintillator. DETECT2000 simulation was performed to evaluate the performance of the designed detector. Flood images were acquired by generating gamma-ray events at 1 mm intervals from 1.3 mm to 11.3 mm within the scintillator of each layer. The spatial resolution and peak-to-peak distance for each location were measured in an 11 x 11 array of flood images. The average measured spatial resolution was 0.25 mm, and the average distance between peaks was 1.0 mm. Through this, it was confirmed that all locations were separated from each other. In addition, because the light signals of all layers were measured separately from each other, the layer of the scintillator that interacted with the gamma rays could be completely separated. When the designed detector is used as a detector in a PET system for small animals, it is considered that excellent spatial resolution and sensitivity can be achieved and image quality can be improved.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics Engineers of Korea SC
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• v.45 no.2
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• pp.18-25
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• 2008

The current display systems including TVs are going digital and large-sized, and high visual quality of those systems becomes a very important selling point in the current display system market. Thus, various researches have been carried out for enhancing the visual quality of digital display systems. One of the important digital image(or video) enhancement techniques is sharpness enhancement, and it is generally based on a transient improvement technique that reduces the edge transition time. However, this technique often generates overshoot and undershoot, which cause undesirable pixel-level changes around the transient improved edge. In this paper, we propose a new nonlinear filter-based adaptive shoot elimination method for effectively suppressing the overshoot and undershoot that occur in the transient improvement, so that we can obtain visually sharper and clearer digital images(or videos). The proposed method uses two orthogonal directional min/max nonlinear filters with an adaptive shoot elimination scheme in order to effectively suppress the visually sensitive overshoot and undershoot. Experimental results show that the proposed method suppresses the overshoot and undershoot almost perfectly while maintaining the effect of the transient improvement. The applications of the proposed method include digital TVs, digital monitors, digital cameras/camcoders, portable media players(PMP), etc.

• Journal of the Microelectronics and Packaging Society
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• v.22 no.3
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• pp.25-30
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• 2015

SAC-coated Cu specimens were fabricated by novel pad finish process using a phenomenon that metal nanoparticles less than 20 nm in diameter melted at a temperature lower than the melting point of bulk metal, and their wettabilities were evaluated. The thickness of SAC305 layer coated at low temperature of $160^{\circ}C$ using SAC305 ink was extremely thin as the level of several nanometers. It was analyzed by Auger electron spectroscopy that $Cu_6Sn_5$ intermetallic layer with a thickness of 10~100 nm and $Cu_3Sn$ intermetallic layer with a thickness of 50~150 nm were sequentially formed under the SAC305 coating layer. The thickness of formed intermetallic layers was thicker in electroplated Cu than rolled Cu, which attributed to improved surface roughness in the electroplated Cu. The improved surface roughness induces the contact, melting, and reaction of a larger number of SAC305 nanoparticles per the unit area of Cu specimen. In the wetting angle test using SAC305 solder balls, the Cu coated with SAC305 through the low temperature process presented evidently low wetting angles than those in non-coated Cu, indicating that only a few nanometer-thick SAC305 coating layer on Cu could also cause the enhancement of wettability.