• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.465-465
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• 2014

증식블랑켓모듈(TBM, Test Blanket Module)을 개발하여 왔다. 이 두 증식블랑켓모듈은 모두 헬륨냉각을 기반으로 개발 되어왔으며 이에 따라, 헬륨순환기, 헬륨히터 및 헬륨열교환기 등에 대한 기본적인 연구가 수행되었다. 이후 2012년 고체형 증식블랑켓모듈을 ITER TBM 개념으로 주도하기로 결정함에 따라, HCCR (Helium Cooled Ceramic Reflector) TBM의 보조계통인 하나인 헬륨냉각계통(HCS, Helium Cooling System)에 대한 개발이 본격적으로 이루어졌다. 한국원자력연구원에서는 HCCR TBM의 냉각성능을 만족하기 위하여 8 MPa, 1.5 kg/s 및 $300/500^{\circ}C$ (입구/출구 온도)의 운전조건을 갖는 헬륨냉각계통의 설계를 완료하였다. 설계된 헬륨냉각계통은 HCCR TBM에서 회수된 약 $450^{\circ}C$의 헬륨을 열회수기(recuperator)기와 냉각기를 통해 상온으로 냉각시킨 후, 필터를 통해 헬륨을 여과시킨다. 여과된 헬륨은 헬륨순환기에 의해 가압되어 열회수기를 다시 지나 $300^{\circ}C$ 이상으로 가열된다. 가열된 헬륨은 열회수기를 지나지 않는 상온의 헬륨과 혼합되어 최종적으로 HCCR TBM의 입구온도 조건인 $300^{\circ}C$로 맞추어 HCCR TBM에 공급된다. 이러한 열회수기 중심으로 '${\infty}$' 모양의 자가 교차로 설계된 헬륨냉각계통은 고온영역과 저온영역으로 냉각회로를 구분하여 순환기, 필터 및 각종 계측기의 운전온도 환경을 상온으로 유지시킬 수 있어 운전 및 유지보수 관점에서 이점이 있다. HCCR TBM의 헬륨냉각계통 설계 및 핵심 기기를 실증하고, 운전 경험을 쌓기 위하여 헬륨공급장치(HeSS, Helium Supply System)를 헬륨유량기준 1/3 규모(0.5 kg/s)로 구축하였으며, '14년까지 HeSS를 실증규모로 업그레이드 하기 위하여 80기압 환경에서 압축비 1.1, 유량 1.5 kg/s의 성능을 내는 헬륨순환기를 설치할 예정이다. 현재 구축된 1/3 규모 HeSS는 국내 구축된 전자빔 고열부하 시험 장비인 KoHLT-EB (Electron Beam)와 연계되어 HCCR TBM의 일차벽(플라즈마 대향부품)을 검증할 예정이며, 이를 통해 얻어진 열수력 DB는 현재 개발중인 핵융합로 안전해석코드인 GAMMA-FR 검증에 활용될 계획이다.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers B
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• v.21 no.8
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• pp.973-982
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• 1997

Effect of vortex generator on the heat transfer enhancement of electronic chips is investigated using naphthalene sublimation technique. Experiments are performed for a single chip and chip arrays, and shape of vortex generator, position of vortex generator, stream wise chip spacing and air velocity are varied. Local and average heat transfer coefficients are measured on the top surface of simulated electronic chips, and compared with those obtained without vortex generator. In case of a single chip, heat transfer augmentation is seen only on the upstream portion of chip surface, while heat transfer enhancement is found on the whole surface for chip arrays. Rectangular wing type vortex generator is found to be more effective than delta wing.

• Journal of the Korea Academia-Industrial cooperation Society
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• v.15 no.6
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• pp.3410-3415
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• 2014

The heat generated by electronic devices can result in performance degradation. Therefore, a heat sink has been used to release the operating heat into the air outside. This study addressed a methodology for a heat sink with an inner tunnel. Under forced convection conditions, the heat transfer characteristics were different so the cooling and heating performances were studied for the heat sink with an inner tunnel. This was evaluated by performing the experimental test examining the heat transfer characteristics related to the variance in time and temperature distribution. In the cooling experiment, the temperature of the A-shape was lower than that of the B-shape, when the voltage was 10 V. These experimental results indicate the optimal cooling effect. In a heating experiment, the temperature of the A-shape was higher than that of the B-shape, when the voltage was 13 V. The experimental results showed that the temperature and efficiency of the A-shape were higher than those of the B-shape.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Precision Engineering
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• v.24 no.12
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• pp.95-103
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• 2007

This paper presents a liquid cooling concept for heat rejection of high power electronic devices existing in notebook computers etc. The design, fabrication, and performance of the planar ECF pump and farced-liquid cooling system are summarized. The electro-conjugate fluid (ECF) is a kind of dielectric and functional fluids, which generates jet flows (ECF-jets) by applying static electric field through a pair of rod-like electrodes. The ECF-jet directly acts on the working fluid, so the proposed planar ECF pump needs no moving part, produces no vibration and noise. The planar ECF pump, consists of a pump housing and electrode substrate, achieves maximum flow rate and output pressure of $5.5\;cm^3/s$ and 7.2 kPa, respectively, at an applied voltage of 2.0 kV. The farced-liquid cooling system, constructed with the planar ECF pump, liquid-cooled heat sink and thermal test chip, removes input power up to 80 W keeping the chip surface temperature below $70\;^{\circ}C$. The experimental results demonstrate that the feasibility of forced-liquid cooling system using ECF is confirmed as an advanced cooling solution on the next-generation high power electronic devices.

• Journal of Astronomy and Space Sciences
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• v.14 no.2
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• pp.259-268
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• 1997

We present the development process of a prototype CCD imaging system which is being built at Korea Astronomy Observatory(KAO) for astronomical applications. The CCD imaging system requires very low noise and high stability characteristics and is widely used for astronomical purposes from infrared to ultraviolet wavelength regions. However its system design, particularly for the controller design technique, as heart of the system, is not secured in Korea so far. The prototype electronics developed in this study consists of a signal chip controller which was implemented in an EPLD(Erasable Programable Logic Device) and an analog driver, a video processor with a LN2 cooling cryostat. A PC system was employed to control the whole system and to store the image data considering compatibility of the system. We have successfully obtained the first image in the laboratory with the prototype of this imaging system, and an image of the M15 at Sobaeksan Astronomy Observatory.

• Korean Journal of Air-Conditioning and Refrigeration Engineering
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.266-275
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• 1995

A numerical investigation on the conduction-natural convection-surface radiation conjugate heat transfer in the enclosure having substrate and chips has been performed. A 2-dimensional simulation model is developed by considering heat transfer by conduction, convection and radiation. The solutions to the equation of radiative transfer are obtained by the discrete ordinates method using S-4 quadrature. The effects of Rayleigh number and the substrate-fluid thermal conductivity ratio on the cooling of chip are analyzed. The result shows that radiation is the dominant heat transfer mode in the enclosure.

• Transactions of the Korean Society of Mechanical Engineers
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• v.19 no.11
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• pp.3072-3083
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• 1995

The numerical simulation on the three-dimensional natural convection heat transfer in the enclosure with heat generating chip is performed, and the effects of convective heat loss and vents are also examined. The effects of the Rayleigh number and outer Nusselt number (Nu$_{0}$) on the maximum chip temperature and the fractions of heat loss from the hot surfaces are investigated. The results show that conduction through the substrate is dominant in heat dissipation. With the increase of Rayleigh number, heat dissipation through the chip surfaces increases and heat loss through the substrate decreases. Maximum dimensionless temperature with vents is found to decrease about 40% compared to the one without vents at Nu$_{0}$=0.l. It is also shown that effects of size and location of the vents are negligible.ble.

• Proceedings of the Korean Vacuum Society Conference
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• 2014.02a
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• pp.468-468
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• 2014

우리나라는 미국, EU, 러시아, 중국, 인도 등 다국간 협력 사업인 국제핵융합실험로(ITER) 사업에 참여하고 있으며, 블랑켓 일차벽 및 시험용 블랑켓 모듈(Test Blanket Module, TBM) 제작기술 개발에 필요한 고열부하 검증시험을 국내에서 자체적으로 실시하기 위한 고열부하시험 시설을 구축하였다. 한국원자력연구원에 설치된 고열부하시험 시설의 주요 사양은 다음과 같다. 열원으로는 전자빔을 사용하며, 빔출력은 최대 300 kW이고, 최대 출력밀도는 $10GW/m^2$이다. 전자빔의 최대 가속전압은 60 kV이고, 최대 조사 면적은 설계상 $70cm{\times}50cm$이다. 고열부하 장비는 핵융합환경과 유사한 고열부하를 시험대상물에 인가하여 접합 및 냉각 성능을 평가하는 장비이며, ITER 블랑켓 및 TBM 일차벽의 경우 약 $0.5MW/m^2$, 가속실험 혹은 사고 시 순간 시나리오 해석을 위해서 $5MW/m^2$까지 고려되기도 한다. ITER 블랑켓 일차벽 제작기술 개발 및 검증(2004~2011)에서는 외국장비(러시아 TSEFEY, 일본 JEBIS, 독일 JUDITH)를 활용하였으나, 고비용 문제와 장비 이용 시간의 제한에 따라 사용이 어려워, 국내에서는 KoHLT-1, 2 장비를 자체 구축하여 활용하여 왔다. 현재는 높은 열부하 인가조건, 약 $5MW/m^2$을 달성하기 위해서 전자빔을 이용한 고열부하시험 장치를 마련하였으며, ITER 블랑켓 일차벽 Semi-Prototype 검증시험, TBM, KSTAR 디버터 실험 등 핵융합로 일차벽 개발에 활용하고 있다. 전자빔, 전원 및 진공 chamber 등 전체 고열부하 시험장치를 구축하여 ITER 장치를 포함해서 토카막 디버터 등 핵융합 플라즈마 대면부품 (Plasma Facing Components, PFC) 재료 개발과 국방, 항공우주 분야의 열유속 게이지 측정법 향상 연구, 로켓 추진 엔진 연소실의 열유속 모니터링 연구, 항공기 프로펠러 연구 등에 활용할 수 있을 것으로 기대된다.

• Journal of IKEEE
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• v.25 no.4
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• pp.782-785
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• 2021

In this paper, we propose a personalized cooling management system with thermal imaging camera. The proposed equipment uses a thermal imaging camera to control the amount of cold air and the system according to the difference between the user's skin temperature before and after the procedure. When the skin temperature is abnormally low, the cold air supply is cut off to prevent the possibility of a safety accident. It is economical by replacing the skin temperature sensor with a thermal imaging camera temperature measurement, and it can be visualized because the temperature can be checked with the thermal image. In addition, the proposed equipment improves the sensitivity of the sensor that measures the distance to the skin by calculating the focal length by using a dual laser pointer for the safety of a personalized cooling management system to which a thermal imaging camera is applied. In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed equipment, it was tested in an externally accredited testing institute. The first measured temperature range was -100℃~-160℃, indicating a wider temperature range than -150~-160℃(cryo generation/USA), which is the highest level currently used in the field. In addition, the error was measured to be ±3.2%~±3.5%, which showed better results than ±5%(CRYOTOP/China), which is the highest level currently used in the field. The second measured distance accuracy was measured as below ±4.0%, which was superior to ±5%(CRYOTOP/China), which is the highest level currently used in the field. Third, the nitrogen consumption was confirmed to be less than 0.15 L/min at the maximum, which was superior to the highest level of 6 L/min(POLAR BEAR/USA) currently used in the field. Therefore, it was determined that the performance of the personalized cooling management system applied with the thermal imaging camera proposed in this paper was excellent.

• Journal of the Korean Society for Aeronautical & Space Sciences
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• v.42 no.8
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• pp.648-653
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• 2014

Fly-wheel, gimbal antenna, mechanical gyro and cryocooler with moving parts generate a micro-vibration during their on-orbit operation. For the acquisition of high quality image of observation satellite, additional technical efforts are required to reduce the micro-vibration level from the vibration sources. In this study, we proposed a passive isolation system combined with a tuned mass damper-type energy harvester to generate electrical energy from the micro-vibration which has always been subjected to useless isolation objectives. The feasibility of the system has been investigated through the numerical simulation.