• The Journal of Society for e-Business Studies
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• v.27 no.2
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• pp.105-135
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• 2022

As COVID-19 has led to a surge in e-commerce Buy Now Pay Later(BNPL) has become preferred choice among millennials. In Korea Coupang followed by Naver Pay offers a deferred payment, aiming to create customer lock-in effect, save credit card processing fee and lay the groundwork for entering into new financial services. However the literature related to the influential factors of customers' usage intention toward a deferred payment is scarce. For the study, a multi-group analysis was carried out to find differences between Naver shopping and Coupang. The results revealed that the important factors that affect a deferred payment adoption were compatibility, impulsive buying tendency in Naver shopping, whereas compatibility, relative advantage, additional value in Coupang(listed in order of most important). In addition, impulsive buying tendency had a positive effect on adoption intention in Naver shopping and on perceived risk in Coupang. The results imply that Naver shopping need to focus on managing delinquency while Coupang should provide sufficient information on how late fees and credit rating downgrade work and try not to make a deferred payment option stand out. In order to increase adoption rate it is recommendable to narrow down target segment of a deferred payment and expand it to a specialized vertical such as travel.

• Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition
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• v.43 no.11
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• pp.1766-1773
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• 2014

The purpose of this research was to scrutinize dieticians' perspective of seafood ingredients prices in school food-service. Suppliers' contract status, seafood ingredient usage and satisfaction, expectations regarding prices of seafood ingredients, and willingness to pay when HACCP is taken into account were studied. Through random sampling, the survey was conducted on 231 dieticians in 11 different educational districts and 12 elementary, six middle, and three high schools. Ultimately, 142 survey responses were taken into account. Data analysis was performed using SPSS v15.0 by descriptive analysis, ${\chi}^2$-test, and t-test. For contracts regarding seafood ingredients, competitive contracts composed 79.7%. Exactly 42.1% responded that contracts were breached, and 60.1% testified that product returns were due to excessive glazing of ingredients. The satisfaction rate of 'hygiene & sanitation of product' was the highest, whereas 'price of product' was the lowest. For 'recontracting intention', 'informal purchasing' showed higher rates compared to 'competitive bidding'. Reflecting upon the six main price factors, 'designation and maintenance of HACCP', 'price of raw seafood ingredients', 'processing costs', 'margin', 'logistic costs', and 'cost of standardizing seafood ingredients', dieticians' perceived 'impact on the anticipated price' on total cost was lower than present counterparts. This implicates that 'impact on the present price' of the six price factors is too excessive, suggesting that many dieticians are unsatisfied with the current prices of seafood ingredients. Furthermore, 52.8% of dieticians stated that the maximum additional payment of HACCP seafood ingredients should be less than 5%. Consequently, this research serves as basic information for reasonable pricing of seafood ingredients and contributes to increased seafood usage by school food-services.

• Journal of the Korean Regional Science Association
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• v.31 no.4
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• pp.25-45
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• 2015

The government has implemented the projects of restoring the ecological integrity of streams to improve its water quality and provide resting places with local residents. Because the projects require huge public investments, their economic feasibility should be investigated through ex-post examination of their benefits. This study attempts to analyze the economic feasibility of restoring the ecological integrity using specific cases of Namyang stream in Hwaseong, Gyeonggi and Yugu stream in Gongju, Chungnam. The contingent valuation (CV) method is employed to measure the benefits. To this end, a professional polling firm conducted two CV surveys of 210 and 209 households for Hwaseong and Gongju, respectively. The willingness to pay (WTP) model used in the study is based on utility difference approach and the single-bounded dichotomous choice spike model. The results reveal that the WTP for restoring ecological integrity of the Namyang and Yugu streams are estimated to be 3,140 and 10,121 won per household per year. Interestingly, the latter is about three times greater than the former. The quantitative information can be used in economic feasibility analysis of the projects of restoring the ecological integrity of the Namyang and Yugu streams.

• Journal of Korean Society of Transportation
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• v.23 no.5 s.83
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• pp.157-167
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• 2005

Seoul metropolitan public transport reform results in the introduction of the semi-public operation and distance-based fare policies. With implementation of these policies, public transport revenue allocation has been (will be) evolved very complicated because the existing revenue allocation issues have not only been clearly solved, which is generated by the combined relationship among Korea Railroad Corporation (KRC). Seoul Metropolitan Subway Corporation (SMSC). Seoul Metropolitan Rapid Transit Corporation (SMRTC), and Incheon Rapid Transit Corporation (IRTC), but also the revenue allocation problem between bus and urban railroad-related organizations need to be considered in this combined framework. On top of that. based on the future plans such as the private sector's railroad construction plan(s), the light rail transit construction plans of several local governments and the join of remained bus lines of Seoul metropolitan areas, it is understood that the revenue allocation among public transport operating organization will become one of main issues of operation organization as well as local and central governments. As a basic approach for revenue allocation of public transport operation organizations, the purpose of this paper is to propose an integrated model applicable to estimate degree of service contribution in passenger carriage in the combined public transport network. With a hypothesis that the complete electronic card system is deployed, this paper supposes every passenger's loading and alighting stations is recordable. Thereby, this paper limits research scope as to Seoul metropolitan railroad area since used route(s) between origin and destination stations can not be traceded because transfer stations each passenger path through is not recorded. Each model proposed in the paper is as follows: 1. a generalized cost reflecting passenger's transfer behavior; 2.a K path model for determining similar routes between O-D; 3.an assignment model for loading O-D trips onto the detected similar routes using Logit Model.

• 한국HCI학회:학술대회논문집
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• 2007.02a
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• pp.8-15
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• 2007

최근 온라인 게임 시장이 급속하게 성장하고 있다. 온라인 게임은 컴퓨터 게임의 장르 중에 상당히 큰 비중을 차지하고 있으며, 많은 사용자들은 온라인 게임을 매일 즐기고 있다. 온라인 게임 시장이 커지면서, 온라인 게임 아이템의 거래 시장 역시 성장하고 있으며, 온라인 게임 아이템은 게임 안에서 거래가 이루어질 뿐만 아니라 게임 밖에서도 실제 화폐를 통해 거래되고 있다. 게임 아이템에 대한 경매 사이트가 국내뿐만 아니라 외국에도 존재하여 활발히 거래가 이루어 지고 있으며, 2004년에는 게임 아이템의 구매를 위해서 최대 8억 8000만 달러에 이르는 실제 화폐가 지불될 정도로 게임 아이템의 거래 시장은 거대하다. 이렇게 규모가 커진 게임 아이템 거래 시장은 학술적으로, 실용적으로 많은 중요성을 갖는다. 그러나 온라인 게임 아이템 거래에 대한 실증적인 연구는 많지 않다. 몇몇 온라인 게임 아이템 거래에 대한 연구는 게임 아이템의 권리를 중심으로 연구가 되었으며, 게임에 대한 많은 연구는 게임 아이템보다는 몬스터와 싸우는 것이나 게임 캐릭터를 만드는 것과 같은 게임 플레잉 설계에 집중하고 있다. 또한 전자 상거래 분야에서는 사용자들이 거래를 통해 최대한의 이윤을 얻기 위할 것이라는, 즉 외적 동기를 가지고 있을 것이라는 가정을 바탕으로 거래의 효율성과 거래 비용에 초점을 맞추어 연구가 진행되었다. 그러나 온라인 게임 아이템은 실용적인 성격뿐만 아니라 유희적 성격을 가지고 있기 때문에 온라인 게임 아이템 거래에서 사용자는 외적 동기뿐만 아니라 내적 동기도 함께 가지게 된다. 본 연구는 거래 비용이론과 몰입, 그리고 재미와 관련된 이론을 바탕으로, 온라인 게임 아이템의 거래 방식이 사용자의 지각된 재미와 사용자가 느끼는 거래비용에 미치는 영향을 실험 방법론을 통해 실증적으로 검증하였다. 본 연구의 결과, 거래에서 내적 동기를 가진 사용자는 게임 아이템 거래 의도에 지각된 재미가 거래 비용에 비해 더 많은 영향을 미쳤으며, 외적 동기를 가진 사용자는 게임 아이템 거래 의도에 지각된 거래비용이 지각된 재미에 비해 더 많은 영향을 미쳤다. 본 연구의 결과는 과거 대부분의 관련 연구가 거래 방법의 유용성만을 강조해왔던 것과는 달리, 거래 자체의 재미와 즐거움, 그리고 거래에 대한 몰입 등의 감성적 측면을 고려함으로써 거래 비용 이론을 확장했다는 데 이론적 의의가 있을 것이다. 또한 실용적 측면에서 게임 아이템 거래 방식을 어떻게 설정해야 사용자들에게 유용성과 더불어 재미를 제공해 줄 수 있는지에 대한 실질적인 가이드라인을 제시할 수 있을 것이다.

• Journal of the Korea Convergence Society
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• v.6 no.6
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• pp.285-291
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• 2015

FTMS, TCS, ITS equipment such as high-pass highway are just a situation that does not lack traceability and passive surveillance is related to fault DB has so far consisted of an integrated operations management to maximize utilization of the facility. In addition, there is no replacement parts are replaced when a failure occurs, increasing the number of parts and repair time I have trouble growing, and becoming a service interruption whenever you replace each time. In this study, proactively manage the failure history of a highway facility ITS tries to preventive maintenance. Therefore, the error history is based on the reliability of the high-pass facilities theory to calculate the reliability of the system through a systematic statistical analysis Operational Availability. The fault number and the time the replacement period through the estimate decreases and can reduce the budget expenses by securing the spare parts quantity, establish a management plan in part by improving the quality of the system through constant preventive maintenance, quality of service at all times It may direct the non-stop operation state of the available state.

• The Journal of The Korea Institute of Intelligent Transport Systems
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• v.12 no.4
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• pp.22-32
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• 2013

Since the percentage of vehicles equipped with Hi-pass, an electronic toll collecting device, has increased rapidly, it is very crucial to determine the optimal location of Hi-pass lanes at a toll plaza in terms of traffic control and operation. In this study, the appropriateness of existing Hi-pass lanes of a toll plaza is evaluated considering its physical geometry and traffic characteristics. A new evaluating criterion called "traffic dispersion rate" is developed in order to measure the level of traffic spreading across the toll booth lanes at a toll plaza. Logistic regression models are constructed to estimate the relationship between the traffic dispersion rate and its affecting variables. The model estimation results show that several variables including Hi-pass lane traffic volume, length of toll plaza, entering/exiting taper lengths, and locations of Hi-pass lanes. The results also suggest that traffic dispersion rate can be increased by adjusting the location of Hi-pass lanes. The study enables us to quantify traffic dispersion rate which can be used to optimize the location and operation of Hi-pass lanes at toll plazas.

• Journal of the Korea Institute of Information Security & Cryptology
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• v.9 no.2
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• pp.37-48
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• 1999

The Internet has been used as the academic researching purposes. Nowadays accordance with improving and being familiar with the World-Wide Web Many people are giving it a try to use the Internet as commerce markets. The noticeable example of internet-based use of the commerce is the Internet shopping mall. Using the WWW companies exhibit their products and users select the ones and take the payment for ones in the on-line Increasing the the Internet shopping mall there needs to be the countermeasure that companies and clients must verify each other. In this paper there are explained the development credit authentication system of the Internet shopping mall and the construction of the trusted environment clients can use Internet shopping mall. That is to develop the credit authentication system the credit-rating of Internet shopping mall can be sent securely and easily to clients and the information of credit-ranting cannot be eavesdropped.

• Korean Security Journal
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• no.27
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• pp.129-159
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• 2011

Physical security has always been an extremely important facet within the security arena. A comprehensive security plan consists of three components of physical security, personal security and information security. These elements are interrelated and may exist in varying degrees defending on the type of enterprise or facility being protected. The physical security component of a comprehensive security program is usually composed of policies and procedures, personal, barriers, equipment and records. Human beings kept restless struggle to preserve their and tribal lives. However, humans in prehistoric ages did not learn how to build strong house and how to fortify their residence, so they relied on their protection to the nature and use caves as protection and refuge in cold days. Through the history of man, human has been establishing various protection methods to protect himself and his tribe's life and assets. Physical security methods are set in the base of these security methods. Those caves that primitive men resided was rounded with rock wall except entrance, so safety was guaranteed especially by protection for tribes in all directions. The Great Wall of China that is considered as the longest building in the history was built over one hundred years from about B.C. 400 to prevent the invasion of northern tribes, but this wall enhanced its protection function to small invasions only, and Mongolian army captured the most part of China across this wall by about 1200 A.D. European lords in the Middle Ages built a moat by digging around of castle or reinforced around of the castle by making bascule bridge, and provided these protections to the resident and received agricultural products cultivated. Edwin Holmes of USA in 20 centuries started to provide innovative electric alarm service to the development of the security industry in USA. This is the first of today's electrical security system, and with developments, the security system that combined various electrical security system to the relevant facilities takes charging most parts of today's security market. Like above, humankind established various protection methods to keep life in the beginning and its development continues. Today, modern people installed CCTV to the most facilities all over the country to cope with various social pathological phenomenon and to protect life and assets, so daily life of people are protected and observed. Most of these physical security systems are installed to guarantee our safety but we pay all expenses for these also. Therefore, establishing effective physical security system is very important and urgent problem. On this study, it is suggested methods of establishing effective physical security system by using system integration on the principle of security design about effective security system's effective establishing method of physical security system that is increasing rapidly by needs of modern society.

• Management & Information Systems Review
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• v.33 no.4
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• pp.1-19
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• 2014

This Study focuses on the university students' job attitude and cost of employment preparation. Nowadays, many university and college students spend a big money improving their employment preparation such as studying on foreign language, getting various kinds of certificates and tooth correction, clothing etc. for employment interview. This study investigated the cost of employment preparation and Job attitude of the 484 students of universities and colleges, the analysis of the collected data was conducted with SPSS 12.0 program by using frequency analysis, factor analysis, reliability assessment, correlation test, t-test, one way ANOVA. The university students paid more costs of employment preparation such as a language training abroad, a private training, and clothing than the college students. Also, Allied social science students paid more costs of the language training abroad, and clothing than allied computer science and allied design students. The female students paid more money than male students for tooth correction. The costs of language training abroad, private training and clothing are affected the students' socioeconomic background of a home. Regarding the job attitude of students, the university students are feeling more positive than the college students of the employment efficacy and cognition of the education environment. As result, the differences in the cost of employment preparation by the university type, faculty major course, their sex, and socioeconomic background of a home. The student's employment-efficacy and cognition of the education environment are also differences between the university and the college students. So, to improve the job attitude, developing their ability for employment preparation, educational programs should be arranged in school and continuous researches are needed.