• Korea Trade Review
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• v.43 no.4
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• pp.1-25
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• 2018

Bank payment obligations (BPO) have been used since 2013 as a payment solution in the business of supply chain finance. The BPO is an irrevocable undertaking of the obligor bank subject to the successful electronic matching of all required data sets with the established baseline in the TMA. Although the BPO should be regarded as similar to a letter of credit, it is a new payment solution based on advanced technology and data-driven mechanisms. The BPO differs from the credit in institutional terms such as bank-to-bank obligations, automated matching engines, and transfer and confirmation, etc. The BPO can also be used effectively as a stand-alone electronic solution to traditional instruments. it provides a new range of solutions to meet the ever-changing needs of trade customers. However, Operation of the BPO can leads to several issues including an assurance of payment between recipient banks and sellers because the BPO is a bank-to-bank obligation. The URBPO does not apply to relationships between banks and their business clients. So, the primary objective of this paper is to promote institutional understanding and present implications by reviewing major issues concerning the BPO as compared with the letter of credit from the institutional point of view. This research was based on documentary research focusing on the preceding research and the materials of ICC and SWIFT.

• The Journal of Information Technology
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• v.5 no.3
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• pp.197-214
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• 2002

Electronic Commerce has already existed for over 20 years. The Bolero project initially had the support of TEDIS, and now is jointly financed by SWIFT(Society for World International Financial Telecommunications) which handles most of the electronic funds transfer for banks, and the Through Transport Mutual Assurance Association(the TT Club), a mutual insurance association most of whose members are drawn from the Multimodal transport industry or transport intermediaries. Bolero's mission is to provide guaranteed and secure delivery, in electronic form, of trade documentation, globally, based on a binding legal environment and common procedures, Bolero will also provide a platform for provision of neutral cross-industry services. TradeCard is a payment and settlement system that is an alternative to letters of credit. That is, TradeCard is a business-to-business e-commerce infrastructure that enables buyers and sellers to conduct and settle international trade transactions securely over the Internet. Paperless, payment-guaranteed international trade transactions - which eliminate the traditional letters of credit with electronic certifications - are widely considered the most difficult B2B transactions to conduct.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.16 no.1
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• pp.247-269
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• 2014

This study is to present alternatives of strategical utilization of e-L/C in respective of transaction cost. Documentary credit is most used for trade importers' credit quality and the guarantee of the purchase price as the form of payment in export and import business dealings. The beneficiary must provide the documents required in a letter of credit in order to claim payment documents from the issuing bank, this leads to certain complexity during the procedure in practice, the preparation and the expenses of significant requirements and additional documents as well as in completing demands from the credit. In a result, there has been issues raised about the aspects of time and cost during the payment process. The outcome of such problems caused by delays in the existing trade procedure is the public to require the use of e-L/C in order to improve problems from the 'Transaction Cost' side. This study provides e-L/C's use to overcome the problems that are appearing from 'Transaction Cost' side as the aspect of time and the cost. In order to do so, we have to identify the problems in the original credit and e-L/C. Thus, provide the propose strategy of e-L/C from the Transaction Cost aspect.

• Korea Trade Review
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• v.41 no.5
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• pp.139-161
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• 2016

This study reviewed the perspective of the institutional application and trade finance settlement of Bank Payment Obligation(BPO). The BPO is a payment method based on trade data-matching which can be used for risk mitigation and payment. The BPO offers the institutional advantages such as an automated solution, an assurance of payment, an improved overall efficiency of business, risk mitigation for all parties, trade financing, etc. The BPO will be developed as a new trade payment method that meets the periodic paradigm thanks to many benefits and usefulness. The BPO will greatly improve the efficiency and stability of the trade payment system in that it is operated by a technology-enabled, databased mechanism that can be applied to a variety of trade transactions. So, the BPO is expected to evolve into an alternative instrument of the trade payment system. This paper is based on documentary research focusing on papers, websites of ICC and SWIFT, and international regulation and laws and so on.

• Review of KIISC
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• v.26 no.4
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• pp.41-46
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• 2016

전통적으로 바이오인식기술은 출입국심사(전자여권, 승무원 승객 신원확인), 출입통제(도어락, 출입통제 근태관리), 행정(무인민원발급, 전자조달), 사회복지(미아찾기, 복지기금관리), 의료(원격의료, 의료진 환자 신원확인), 정보통신(휴대폰 PC 인터넷 인증), 금융(온라인 뱅킹, ATM 현금인출) 등 다방면에서 폭넓게 보급되어 실생활에서 널리 활용되고 있다. [그림1]은 신체적 특징(Physiological biometrics)과 행동적 특징(Behavioral biometrics)을 이용한 사용자 인증기술인 바이오인식기술의 유형과 함께 각 기술별 보안취약점(괄호 안 빨강색글자)을 나타내고 있다. 최근 들어, 모바일 지급결제서비스 ATM 인출기 인터넷전문은행 등과 같은 핀테크 분야에서 비대면 인증기술로 바이오인식기술이 각광을 받기 시작했다. 한편, 가짜지문 등 기존의 신체적 특징을 이용한 바이오인식기술의 위변조 위협에 대한 우려 존재함에 따라 뇌파 심전도 근전도 맥박 등 살아있는 사람의 행동적(신체의 기능적) 특징을 이용한 생체신호를 이용하여 비대면 인증기술로서 활용하기 위하여 주요 선진국에서 차세대 바이오인식 기술개발이 가속화되고 있는 추세이다.[1] 또한, 이러한 생체신호는 최근에 삼성전자, LG전자, 애플 등에서 스마트워치를 통해 심장박동수를 측정하고 스마트폰을 통하여 모바일 지급결제, 헬스케어 등과 같은 IoT 모바일 융복합 응용서비스에 활용될 전망이다. 본고에서는 뇌파 심전도(심박수)와 같은 생체신호를 측정하는 스마트워치 밴드형 의복형 또는 패치형태의 웨어러블 디바이스와 같은 생체신호센서, 생체신호 인증기술 및 관련표준화 동향을 고찰해 보기로 한다. 국내외 관련기술과 표준화 동향을 면밀히 분석하여 지난 2015년 5월29일에 발족한 국내외 전문가그룹인 KISA"모바일 생체신호 인증기술 표준연구회"(이하 KISA 표준연구회)가 구심점이 되어 한국형 생체신호를 이용한 차세대 텔레바이오인식기술에 대한 연구개발과 국내외 표준화 추진에 박차를 가할 계획이다.

• The Journal of the Korea Contents Association
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• v.20 no.12
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• pp.492-497
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• 2020

Today, banks around the world are making great efforts to adapt to the rapidly changing internal and external environment changes caused by the development of IT technology and to gain a competitive advantage in the market. In particular, in line with the rapid growth of smartphone usage, financial services are also provided in a variety of ways using Fintech, and one of the fastest growing areas is mobile simple payment. Mobile payment service is a financial service that pays the purchase price using a portable mobile device. As fintech, a convergence of financial services and information technology, it is recently used not only in financial services, but also in various industries. It is used in all fields where payment functions such as distribution are available. In the case of mobile cards, it shows that the usage rate of people in their 20s and 30s is increasing very much, so it can be said that the use of mobile payment services will continue to increase in the coming future. We know that simple payments are being used. However, it can be said that the research on the use of mobile payment services by these teenagers is somewhat incomplete. Therefore, this study investigated what factors are important for Korean teenagers to use mobile payment services. As a result, among the five hypotheses presented in this study, all hypotheses were adopted except for , which states that cash usage habits have no effect on innovation.

• Proceedings of the Korean Information Science Society Conference
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• 2002.04a
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• pp.400-402
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• 2002

최근 IT 산업의 발달로 인터넷 이용자가 폭발적인 성장에 따라 인터넷을 통한 전자 상거래가 새로운 경제 활동으로 등장과 동시에 무선 인터넷 시장이 급속한 성장을 하고 있다. 이에 따라 기존에 사용되어지고 있는 on-line상에서의 전자 지불 방식보다 실용적인 무선 인터넷상의 전자 지불 방식이 요구되고 있다. 이에 따라 본 논문에서는 무선 인터넷 상에서 전자상거래를 통한 결제대금 지급을 할 때 부정 사용자에 대한 사용자 추적, 즉 익명성 제어가 가능한 프로토콜을 제안한다. 본 논문에서 제안한 프로토콜의 특징은 기존의 on-line 상에서의 제공되어지고 있는 전자지불 프로토콜의 추적기능을 무선 인터넷 환경에서 보다 효율적이며 안전하게 사용할 수 있는 프로토콜을 제시한다.

• International Commerce and Information Review
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• v.17 no.2
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• pp.3-18
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• 2015

This thesis examines the performance and improvement strategy of SWIFTNet TSU's BPO for computerization and suggests the following results: First, the URBPO should be legally complemented, and the SWIFT and banks need to keep improving the systems to meet trade parties' diverse needs. Second, the SWIFTNet TSU's BPO should have an institutionally unified sharing platform with security, stability and convenience. In other words, it is needed to develop services which meet e-payment paradigm and international and regional environments through continued analysis on market changes and flow. Third, in order for the SWIFTNet TSU BPO to evolve into a perfect global system, there should be an innovative payment solution which can meet all trade parties all over the world. For this, technology standardization for a worldwide e-trade payment system is essential. Lastly, based on the results derived from this study, an analysis framework with which more diverse and practical environmental variables can be analyzed should be developed.

• The Journal of the Institute of Internet, Broadcasting and Communication
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• v.12 no.6
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• pp.207-213
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• 2012

With development of IT technology, B2C Social Commerce makes the change from closed type of transaction to the form of an open trading. Also by dramatically reducing the intermediate distribution and removing distribution costs, it provides goods at unbeatable prices to consumers. Depending on the flow of the times, the business-to-business struggles with the difficulty of PRM management and fast promotion of new products. Therefore, it is required B2B Social Commerce, new platform that can collect distribution and consumption firms in one place which is similar to B2C Social Commerce. Unlike the case of B2C social commerce, B2B Social Commerce should have an essential element, Installment payment system to pay over the period without purchase in accordance with the payment paid as a lump sum. B2B Social Commerce model which is introduced in this study will provide the solution of B2B transaction problems, opening up new markets and bring the expansion of the electronic market.

• Journal of Digital Convergence
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• v.13 no.4
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• pp.175-189
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• 2015

As issues of Fintech(Financial technology) emerge, research on electronic banking is growing and garnering much attention in the market. This study analyzed 184 studies on e-banking over 15 years, from 2000 to 2014. Using meta-analysis, the paper draws attentions to the trends in domestic electronic banking studies. Interest peaked in 2008, when 28 papers were published and 35 theses in Information Security and Cryptology were announced. This research focus emphasizes the impact of e-banking services, technology and infrastructure, and laws and regulations on society. Electronic payment systems are a focal point of research on technology and infrastructure. Research on the e-finance market have influenced studies on the financial progress and other social issues. Benefits of this research include a better understanding of the trends in electronic banking studies and its influence on related fields, as well as help electronic banking-related policies and technology research.