• The Journal of the Korean bone and joint tumor society
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• v.1 no.1
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• pp.38-44
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• 1995

Metastatic bone tumor is the most common bone tumor and 32.5% of all primary malignant tumors are eventually metastasize to bone. Metastatic bone tumor has been more frequently encountered disease in the orthopedic fields due to the greater longevity of life of the patients with primary visceral cancers by major advances in early detection, diagnosis, and surgical/radiotherapeutic/chemotherapeutic treatment of primary and metastatic lesions. Therefore, the epidemiologic data about the incidences and the patterns of bone metastasis is important. We reviewed 417 patients who were diagnosed and treated for metastatic bone tumor at Kosin University Medical Center from 1985 to 1993 to analyse the primary lesion, age and sex distributions, location of bone metastasis, patterns of metastasis according to the primary. The results were as follows : 1. The common origin of bone metastasis were lung(29.5%), stomach(15.3%), breast(11.3%), unknown(7.7%), cervix(5.3%), liver(4.8%) in order of frequency. 2. There were 251 men and 166 women and their mean age was 54.8 years and the peak age incidence was in 6th decades. Most cases(85.3%) were occured beyond 5th decades. 3. The preferred sites of metastatic deposits were spine(64.0%), pelvis(40.5%), rib(38.8%), femur(36.7%), skull(21.1%), humerus(13.9%), scapula(13.0%) in order of frequency. In the spine, thoracic(42.1%), lumbar(39.1%), cervical(13.2%), sacral(5.6%) vertebrae were involved in order of frequency. 4. Multiple bone metastases were more common(73.1%) than single metastasis(26.9%). 5. In the lung cancer, the peak age incidence was 6th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, pelvis, femur. 6. In the stomach cancer, the peak age incidence was 6th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, femur, pelvis. 7. In the breast cancer, the peak age incidence was 5th decades, and the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, rib, pelvis. 8. In the bone metastasis with unknown primary site, the peak age incidence was 7th decades, the preferred sites of bone metastasis were spine, femur, pelvis, and the common histologic types were adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma.

• Korean Journal of Head & Neck Oncology
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• v.32 no.2
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• pp.23-27
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• 2016

비인강암은 비인강상피에 발생한 암으로 경부전이 및 간, 폐, 뼈 등의 원격전이가 흔히 나타난다. 본 증례에서는 제 4기 병기를 가진 비인강암환자에서 항암 화학요법 및 방사선 치료 후 매우 드물게 후경부 및 액와 림프절 전이를 보인 환자를 보고하는 바이다. 진행된 병기를 보이는 비인강암 환자는 방사선 치료 후 피부전이가 종종 나타나는 현상이나 후경부 림프절 전이는 흔치 않다. 특히 액와 림프절 전이는 비인강암에서 거의 전이를 보이지 않으나 본 증례에서는 매우 드물게 액와 림프절 전이를 보여 보고하는 바이다.

• Journal of the Korean Geotechnical Society
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• v.31 no.6
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• pp.59-69
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• 2015

Recently, landslide and debris-flow disasters caused by severe rain storms have frequently occurred. Many researches related to landslide susceptibility analysis and debris-flow hazard analysis have been conducted, but there are not many researches related to mobilization analysis for landslides transforming into debris-flow in slope areas. In this study, statistical analyses such as discriminant analysis and logistic regression analysis were conducted to develop a mobilization criterion using geomorphological and geological factors. Ten parameters of geomorphological and geological factors were used as independent variables, and 466 cases (228 non-mobilization cases and 238 mobilization cases) were investigated for the statistical analyses. First of all, Fisher's discriminant function was used for the mobilization criterion. It showed 91.6 percent in the accuracy of actual mobilization cases, but homogeneity condition of variance and covariance between non-mobilization and mobilization groups was not satisfied, and independent variables did not follow normal distribution, either. Second, binomial logistic analysis was conducted for the mobilization criterion. The result showed 92.3 percent in the accuracy of actual mobilization cases, and all assumptions for the logistic analysis were satisfied. Therefore, it can be concluded that the mobilization criterion for debris-flow using binomial logistic regression analysis can be effectively applied for the prediction of debris-flow hazard analysis.

• KSCE Journal of Civil and Environmental Engineering Research
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• v.35 no.4
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• pp.863-874
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• 2015

The use of pile reinforcement is considered as one of the most promising techniques for improving load carrying capacity of piles in offshore area. In this study, to consider the horizontal and uplift bearing capacity of submerged breakwater bearing pile, exclusive analysis on load-transfer behaviour of pile was conducted. First of all, check the reinforcing effect from the three-dimensional finite element method, and estimate load transfer curve (ground reaction force). Based on these results, the reinforcing effect was quantified by estimating the coefficients of horizontal and uplift reinforcement of reinforced piles. Load transfer function with consideration of the reinforcing effect was proposed from estimated coefficients. A comparison of the analysis using the proposed load transfer function with three-dimensional finite element analysis has resulted that the proposed load transfer function is displaying good accuracy of predicting behavior of the load transfer between the pile and soil reinforcement. Interpretation of the submerged structure by applying a load transfer function considering the reinforcing effect, has shown that the reinforced pile's shear, bending moment and displacement are less than that of non-reinforced piles, while the subgrade reaction modulus arises greater. Thus, it is expected to be relatively cost effective in terms of design.

• Journal of Chest Surgery
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• v.43 no.6
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• pp.833-837
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• 2010

This is a report of successful management for pulmonary metastasis following chemotherapy in patient with testicular germ cell tumor. Postchemotherapy PET-CT was not uptake FDG in metastatic lesion. Pulmonary metastasectomy was performed, which is important to manage a residual postchemotherapy lung mass in testicular germ cell tumor for histological correlation with primary testicular lesion to select the patients who require subsequent chemotherapy. Our patient was well 6 months after operation, not carried out chemotherapy because of no viable tumor.

• The Korean Journal of Financial Studies
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• v.10 no.1
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• pp.1-44
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• 2004

연속시간모형은 시간의 흐름에 대응되는 자본자산의 운동의 성질과 시간의 흐름에 따라 형성되는 자본자산의 가격을 동시적으로 파악할 수 있는 것이 큰 장점이다. 연속시간 확률미분방정식을 구성하는 표류함수와 확산함수가 폐형해나 해석적 형태로 존재하지 않는 경우가 대부분이다. 여기에서 모수추정의 어려움이 발생한다. 전이 확률밀도함수의 인지 또는 발견의 어려움과 표류함수와 확산함수의 적분 불가능성은 최대가능도법의 사용을 어렵게 만든다. 여기에서 모수방법 보다는 비모수방법을 통하여 연속 확률 미분방정식을 추정하려는 성향이 존재한다. 밀도를 모르면 표본적률을 사용하여 모수를 추정할 수 있으므로 일반화 적률법이 연속시간 확률미분방정식의 모수 추정과 검정에 사용되고 있다. 전이밀도의 값을 시뮬레이션을 통하여 얻는 마코브연쇄 몬테카를로 방법, 전이밀도를 무한소 생성작용소를 통하여 얻는 방법, 비 모수방법, 여러 종류의 전개에 의하여 얻은 표류함수와 확산함수의 전이밀도에 대한 최대가능도법 등 여러 종류의 연속시간 확률미분방정식의 실증분석에서 사용되고 있다. 이 논문에서는 연속시간 확률미분방정식의 실증분석 방법들을 정리하는데 목적이 있다. 이일균(2004)은 이 논문과의 자매논문으로 시뮬레이션에 의한 확률미분방정식의 추정을 다루고 있어 시뮬레이션방법은 그 논문에 미룬다.

• Journal of the Institute of Electronics and Information Engineers
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• v.50 no.8
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• pp.285-291
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• 2013

In this paper, MOS-Capacitor and MOSFET devices with a Low Level Leakage Current of oxide thickness, channel width and length respectively were to investigate the reliability characterizations mechanism of ultra thin gate oxide films. These stress induced leakage current means leakage current caused by stress voltage. The low level leakage current in stress and transient current of thin silicon oxide films during and after low voltage has been studied from strss bias condition respectively. The stress channel currents through an oxide measured during application of constant gate voltage and the transient channel currents through the oxide measured after application of constant gate voltage. The study have been the determination of the physical processes taking place in the oxides during the low level leakage current in stress and transient current by stress bias and the use of the knowledge of the physical processes for driving operation reliability.

• Tuberculosis and Respiratory Diseases
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• v.66 no.1
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• pp.52-57
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• 2009

The stomach is a rare site for metastasis, with autopsy incidence rates of 0.2% to 1.7%. This low rate makes diagnosis of metastatic gastric cancer challenging for clinicians. The authors report a case of a 64-year-old man diagnosed with gastric metastasis of primary lung adenocarcinoma that was initially mistaken for primary gastric cancer, as well as a review of the medical literature.

• Proceedings of the Korea Water Resources Association Conference
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• 2019.05a
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• pp.77-81
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• 2019

식생전이에 따른 기간분리는 해외 및 국내 논문에서 식생영향을 받지 않는 곡선식과의 차이를 검토하고, 측정성과별 분류를 통해 곡선식을 개발하는 방법이 제시하고 있으나 적용기간 설정에 대한 구체적인 방법이 없다. 또한 상하류 비교를 통해 기간분리의 적정성을 검토할 수 있다고 명시되어 있으나 비교 관측소가 없는 경우 검토에 어려움이 있다. 본 연구는 2017년 수위-유량관계곡선식의 적용시간 결정에서 현장 식생모니터링 자료와 함께 연간 수온변화를 참고 자료로 활용하였다. 연간 수온자료를 산정하기 위해 측정된 수온과 해당 기온에 대한 상관관계식을 개발하였다. 또한 산포가 발생하는 측정성과는 생성된 연간 수온자료를 참고하여 전이여부를 판단하였다. 2018년은 2017년의 계절별 수온변화 자료 및 수집된 주요 수중식생의 생활사를 참고하여 연간 측정계획에 활용하였으며, 수위-유량관계곡선식 개발 시 동일한 방법을 사용하였다. 2017년은 가뭄으로 인해 수중식생에 의한 전이가 활발했던 기간으로 측정성과에 대해 식생영향 최고 기간과 최대 기간의 동일수위에 대해서 유량을 비교한 결과 $0.003m^3/s{\sim}1.099m^3/s$의 범위를 보였다. 유출량 비교의 경우 기간분리를 적용하지 않았을 경우 약 40.1% 과대 산정되었다. 2018년은 잦은 강우로 인해 수중식생의 이탈 및 전이 영향수위의 발생빈도가 비교적 적어 동 수위 유량을 비교한 결과 $0.19m^3/s{\sim}0.49m^3/s$의 범위를 보였다. 연 유출량을 비교한 결과, 기간분리를 고려하지 않은 경우가 약 39.6%로 과소 산정되었다. 따라서 본 연구사례를 통해 식생에 의한 기간분리가 발생하는 지점에 대해서 비교적 합리적인 측정주기 계획을 위한 확립 근거와 기간분리 적용기간에 대한 합리적인 자료로 활용 될 수 있을 것이다.

• The Korean Journal of Nuclear Medicine
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• v.29 no.4
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• pp.484-491
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• 1995

It is well known that hepatobiliary agent are taken up by metastatic hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) as well as primary HCC. But the reported cases of the extrahepatic metastasis of HCC diagnosed by hepatobiliary scintigraphy are for the most part hematogenous ones. The relation of the uptake pattern of hepatobiliary agent in the primary and metastatic HCC is also still remains unknown. So we undertook this study to evaluate the relation of the hepatobiliary scintigraphic patterns of primary and metastatic HCC with different metastatic routes. Nine patients with primary HCC and twelve cases of metastatic HCC including four lung metastases, one bone metastasis, one right atrial metastasis, one peritoneal wall metastasis, and five lymph node metastases were studied with $^{99m}Tc-DISIDA$ scintigraphy. The images were taken on 10, 30 minutes, 1, 2, 4-6 hours. The overall detection rates of hematogenous metastases(lung and bone) is 60%(3 of 5), direct metastasis(right atrium and peritoneal wall), 100%(2 of 2) and lymphatic metastases, 0%(0 of 5). In four of five metastatic cases demonstrated with hepatobiliary scintigraphy, biliary agent is also taken up by primary HCC lesions. And the appearing time of the radioactivity in the direct metastatic HCC lesioin is same as that of primary HCC and in the cases of hematogenous metastasis, earlier than that of primary HCC. Hepatobiliary scintigraphy is more useful in the diagnosis of the metastatic HCC than primary HCC, in the cases of hematogenous and direct metastasis.