• The Journal of Korea Assosiation for Disability and Oral Health
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.18-22
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• 2009

A 26-year-old female patient with Down syndrome visited to recieve dental treatment under gnenral anesthesia 6 years ago. The patient had difficulties in oral examination, radiograph taking and laboratory test. The patient had congenital heart disease and medical consultation based on the echocardiography was provided by a cardiologist indicating that the patient could tolearte general anesthesia during dental treatment. And two times of general anesthesia were administered during a dental treament with the interval of 3 years and no postoperpative complicaton was reported. At the third dental operation, the patient had a relatively good condition and her prescreening test revealed no abnormalities. Without further consultation with a cardiologist, general anesthesia was administered to the patient. Anaesthesia was based on thiopental and ventilation of desflurane and $N_2O$ in oxygen via an endotracheal tube with an appropriate monitoring. During the maintenance of anesthesia, the blood pressure of the patient started to drop and the oxygen saturation also began to decrease. Consequently, the proceding operation was discontinued and also inhalation anesthesia was ceased. As the patient was recovered from anesthesia, her systemic conditions were alleviated. After the complete recovery of the patient, she visited the cardiologist, and the cardiologic test revealed her severe right ventricular dilatation. In the anesthesia of patients with congenital heart disease, information on their systemic conditions needs to be undated from the medical consultation, which assures the safety of treatment.

• The Journal of Korean Academy of Prosthodontics
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• v.50 no.4
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• pp.330-335
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• 2012

Shortened dental arch (SDA) as a treatment goal is the concept that stable occlusion and enough masticatory force can be achieved by restoration to the second premolars when the situation is not favorable. SDA could be applied both natural teeth and implant supported fixed prostheses. This case dealt with a patient who has grade 2 intellectual disability and a lot of missing teeth. Because of intellectual disability, patient cooperation during treatment could not be expected. Therefore every treatment should be done under general anesthesia. In addition to that, ridge resorption around molar area was severe and there were maxillary sinus pneumatization and maxillary sinusitis which increased failure probability. SDA concept was adopted to reduce risk factor and minimize general anesthesia. After the treatment, functional and esthetic improvement was achieved and oral hygiene was fortified by periodic recall check and education.

• Journal of Yeungnam Medical Science
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• v.2 no.1
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• pp.39-44
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• 1985

To assess the effect of post-operative pain control of upper abdominal surgery through lumbar epidural narcotic injection, the 3rd or 4th lumbar epidural puncture was done, and were injected 1mg, of morphine (Group I) or 10mg, of demerol (Group II) mixed with 10ml of normal saline into the epidural space, after operation of the cholecystectomy in 10patients and antrectomy and vagotomy, subtotal or total gastrectomy in 10patients. Time interval of the post-operative analgesic effect between morphine and demerol groups were compared. The results of this study were as follows: 1. In the group I, average analgesic duration was 29.4 hours. 2. In the group II, average analgesic duration was 4.0 hours. It is concluded that post-operative pain control of upper abdominal surgery through the lumbar epidural narcotic injection was effective, and morphine injection was more effective than demerol.

• Proceedings of the KOR-BRONCHOESO Conference
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• 1978.06a
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• pp.3.5-4
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• 1978

Foreign body in the trachea & bronchus is considered as one of the frequently observed accidental cases in the field of E.N.T. and many cases & analysis of them are reported by many authors. We have, recently, experienced three cases of the foreign bodies in the trachea & bronchus and removed successfully through bronchoscopy under general anesthesia. Case A : a kind of plastic reed (2.2CM$\times$0.8CM$\times$0.8CM) was removed from the carina of trachea of a 7 year old female. Case B: a nail (4.9CM$\times$0.3CM$\times$0.3CM) was removed from the right main bronchus of a 2 year old male. Case C : a kind of plastic reed (2.0CM$\times$0.8CM$\times$0.8CM) was removed from the right main bronchus of a 7 year old female.

• The Korean Journal of Physiology
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• v.5 no.1
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• pp.11-14
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• 1971

In an attempt to observe possible effects of ether and halothane anesthesia on the protein contents of the lung and liver of rabbits, the animal was subjected to the moderato anesthesia with either ether or halothane by non-rebreathing system for one hour, and the protein content of the lung and liver was measured by the method of Lowry et at. using Folin-phenol reagent. The comparison was made with the protein content from the normal rabbits, and the following results were obtained. l) The protein contents of the lung and liver of the normal rabbit were $45.0{\sim}11.5\;mg/gm$ wet wt. and $100.4{\sim}15.1\;mg/gm$ wet wt. respectively. 2) In the ether or halothane anesthesized group, the protein contents of the lung were $57.2{\sim}13.3\;and\;60.3{\sim}7.2$ respectively. 3) In the anesthesia groups with ether and halothane, the protein contents of the liver were $103.4{\sim}10.0\;and\;90.1{\sim}13.0$ respectively. 4) No significant difference in the protein contents of the lung and liver was observed after ether or halothane anesthesia comparing with the normal.

• The Korean Journal of Pain
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• v.6 no.1
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• pp.32-39
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• 1993

Despite their sometimes fatal complications such as respiratory depression when used for postoperative pain control, intravenous and epidural narcotics remain the mainstay of treatment regimens. Because of the problems, anesthesiologists are seeking alternatives. We compared the analgesic effect and complications of continuous intravenous morphine with ketorolac. Ketorolac is a non-steroidal agent with potent analgesics and moderate anti-inflammatory activity. Forty ASA physical status I or II patients were given morphine(20 patients) or ketorolac(20 patients):In the morphine group, an initial bolus dose of 2 mg i.v. was given followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 1 mg/hr for 48 hours. The ketorolac group was given initial bolus of 30 mg i.v. This was followed by continuous infusion at a rate of 3.75 mg/hr for 48 hours using a Baxter Daymate Infuser. We checked systolic, diastolic and mean arterial pressure, heart rate, visual analogue scale(VAS) and the Prince Henry Score(PHS). This was done before the initial bolus, at 5, 15, 30 and 60 min, at 2, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours after administration. We observed the side effects nausea and vomiting, pruritus, hypotension, somnolence, urinary retention and respiratory depression. From our study we believe ketorolac in selected patients, is as effective as morphine in alleviating postoperative pain without side effects of morphine.

• Archives of Plastic Surgery
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• v.37 no.4
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• pp.369-374
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• 2010

Purpose: Most of the patients who underwent surgery feels variable kinds of fear or anxiety; an uncomfortable mood state that happens without specific object affects patient's satisfaction before and after the surgery. As music therapy is rather noninvasive method generally used in reducing patient's anxiety, the authors researched about the extent of anxiety with the change of vital sign before the operation while comparing with the cases of patients who took the music therapy at closed reduction under general anesthesia. Method: We divided the patients in 4 groups; A with the premedication (Midazolam, Dormicum$^{(R)}$) before the operation, B with the premedication and music therapy, C with only music therapy, D with no premedication or therapy. And we measured the vital signs after the arrival at the operation room, after induction and 20 minutes after the operation. Also we observed the changes of anxiety index with the STAI (State Trait Anxiety Inventory)-K (Korea)YZ 1 hour before and 8 hours after the surgery. Result: The group B showed the least changes in blood pressure as the group D showed the highest change. Both group C and A showed increase in blood pressure but the upswing in group A was lower than group C. At the change of pulse rate group B showed the lowest upswing also group D showing the highest. Group B showed quite a few upswing but lower than group D, but, at the same time, group A showed lower upswing when comparing two cases. After analysis of STAI-KYZ score, the anxiety relatively decreased in group B and C in comparison with group D. And the index of anxiety state of group A showed just as much to group D. Conclusion: The music therapy is better healthcare method compared to other therapies in reducing anxiety also with satisfying effect who underwent operation. The authors recommend music therapy assisted with use of premedication for better relief of anxiety.

• Childhood Kidney Diseases
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• v.7 no.2
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• pp.229-233
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• 2003

Mortality and morbidity of malignant hyperthermia has decreased markedly by the avoidance of succinylcholine, and the earlier detection and introduction of dantrolene. We report a fourteen-year-old boy who developed malignant hyperthermia during general anesthesia. He showed the earlier clinical signs, such as elevation of end-tidal $CO_2$, tachycardia, and hypertension. After prompt administration of dantrolene, operation was continued with profopol and midazolam. Rhabdomyolysis and myoglobinuria followed, and were managed by hydration and alkalinization of urine. Azotemia did not occur, and he was discharged without any sequelae on the $10^{th}$ postoperative day.

• Journal of the korean academy of Pediatric Dentistry
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• v.46 no.3
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• pp.328-336
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• 2019

The purpose of this study is to analyze the changes in patient distribution and practice pattern resulted from changes of socioeconomic circumstances. From January 2008 to December 2017, information about patient distribution and practice pattern was collected and reviewed. Both the number of new patients and revisiting patients increased. The average age of new patients showed a declining trend. Children aged between 0 and 6 had the majority. In case of restorative treatment, the use of composite resin decreased, whereas resin modified glass ionomer increased. As to pulp treatment of primary tooth, the proportion of pulpectomy increased significantly, but decreased in pulpotomy. The results showed an increase in the treatments under sedation and general anesthesia and with the use of midazolam and nitric oxide increased after 2014.

• Archives of Hand and Microsurgery
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• v.23 no.4
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• pp.290-295
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• 2018

Author planed peroneal artery perforator flap for ankle reconstruction and experienced successful result using sural neuro-lesser saphenous venous flap due to an unexpected event. A male Asian patient, 24 years old, had a history of recurrent operation wound disruption in the ankle region. Under general anesthesia, peroneal perforator and saphenous vein, as well as the sural nerve branches, were identified and preserved. In the process of flap rotation, an accidental division of peroneal artery perforator has occurred. Despite the division of the perforator, circulation was normal. The patient experienced no complication after the surgery. Some study reported that accompanying arteries and the vascular plexus around the sural nerve communicate. In conclusion, sufficient blood supply was possible only with the accompanying artery of the sural nerve without peroneal perforator. So, it is essential to always preserve not only perforator but also neurovascular bundles at any circumstances and any location.